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09-12-2023
AGENDA City Council Meeting 4:00 PM - Tuesday, September 12, 2023 Council Chambers/Zoom App. All Council Meetings are now open to the public in person, in Council Chambers or watched virtually. All electronic meetings can be viewed on this page, the City of Niagara Falls YouTube channel, the City of Niagara Falls Facebook page, along with YourTV Niagara. Page 1. CALL TO ORDER O Canada: Claire Falle (singing live in Council Chambers) Land Acknowledgement and Traditional Indigenous Meeting Opening 2. IN CAMERA SESSION OF COUNCIL 2.1. Resolutions to go In-Camera (September 12th resolution - updated) September 12, 2023 - Resolution to go In-Camera Special meetings Sept 19 and Oct 18 2023 - Resolution to go In- Camera 10 - 11 3. ADOPTION OF MINUTES 3.1. Council Minutes of August 15, 2023 City Council - 15 Aug 2023 - Minutes - Pdf 12 - 32 4. DISCLOSURES OF PECUNIARY INTEREST Disclosures of pecuniary interest and a brief explanation thereof will be made for the current Council Meeting at this time. 5. MAYOR'S REPORTS, ANNOUNCEMENTS 6. DEPUTATIONS / PRESENTATIONS All speakers are reminded that they have a maximum of 5 minutes to make their presentation. Page 1 of 610 6.1. BDD-2023-001 Niagara Falls Economic Development Strategy Laura O'Blenis, President & CEO of Stiletto and Tara Sutton, Project Lead, will be presenting to Council. BDD-2023-001 - Pdf Presentation - Niagara Falls Council Deck_08Sept23 NiagaraFalls_ExecReport_FINAL 33 - 122 7. PLANNING MATTERS 7.1. PBD-2023-53 AM-2023-011 Zoning By-law Amendment Application 5504 Lewis Avenue Applicant: Jingfang Wang Agent: Greg Taras (Urban & Environmental Management Inc.) Nick DeBenedetti, Planner 2, will provide an overview of Report PBD-2023-53. Samantha Bray, Project Manager from Urban & Environmental Management Inc., will be in attendance to respond to any questions, if necessary. PBD-2023-53 - Pdf Presentation (Staff) - AM-2023-011- 5044 Lewis Avenue - council Comments from Resident - 7.1 123 - 142 8. REPORTS 8.1. MW-2023-27 (Appendix updated and included as attachment) Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan Rena Viehbeck, from the ICLEI Canada Team, will be available via Zoom, to respond to questions if necessary. MW-2023-27 - Pdf 143 - 417 Page 2 of 610 Climate_Change_Adaptation_Plan_Word- final 8.2. PBD-2023-54 Community Improvement Plan Incentive Programs Review Initiation Report PBD-2023-54 - Pdf 418 - 427 8.3. PBD-2023-55 2023 Provincial Planning Statement Natural Heritage Policies PBD-2023-55 - Pdf 428 - 430 8.4. PBD-2023-56 Quarter 2 Development and Housing Report and Provincial Reporting PBD-2023-56 - Pdf 431 - 449 9. CONSENT AGENDA The consent agenda is a set of reports that could be approved in one motion of council. The approval endorses all of the recommendations contained in each of the reports within the set. The single motion will save time. Prior to the motion being taken, a councillor may request that one or more of the reports be moved out of the consent agenda to be considered separately. 9.1. F-2023-28 (Report added) 2022 (unaudited) Water/Wastewater Fund Budget to Actual Variance report F-2023-28 - Pdf 450 - 458 10. COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMENTS OF THE CITY CLERK The Communications section of the agenda is a set of items listed as correspondence to Council that could be approved in one motion of Council. If Staff feel that more than one recommendation is required, the listed communications items will be grouped accordingly. The single motion per recommendation, if required, will save time. Page 3 of 610 Prior to any motion being taken, a Councillor may request that one or more of the items be lifted for discussion and considered separately. RECOMMENDATION: THAT Council approve/support Item #10.1 through to and including Item #10.4. 10.1. Proclamation Request - Wear Red Canada Day Wear Red Canada is celebrated annually across Canada on February 13th to raise awareness about women’s cardiovascular health. Organized events held across the country serve as a reminder for everyone, especially women, to be mindful, curious and proactive in the management of their heart health and wellness. The Wear Red Canada team is requesting Council's assistance in proclaiming Tuesday, February 13, 2024 as "Wear Red Canada Day" in Niagara Falls. Recommendation: For the Approval of Council. Proclamation Request - Wear Red Canada Day 2024 Wear Red Canada (WRC) Government Proclamation - BILINGUAL.docx (38) 459 - 460 10.2. Flag-Raising Request - AIDS Awareness Week; World Aid's Day; Aboriginal AIDS Awareness Week Positive Living Niagara is requesting a flag raising on Thursday, November 23, 2023 in recognition of AIDS Awareness Week (Nov 23 - Dec 1), World AIDS Day (Dec 1) and Aboriginal AIDS Awareness Week (Dec. 1-8). Recommendation: For the Approval of Council. Flag-Raising Request - AIDS Awareness Week 461 - 462 10.3. Resolution - City of Thorold - Support of Keeping Paul Bernardo in Maximum Security Placement Attached is a resolution from the City of Thorold requesting support of Council. Recommendation: That Council Support the resolution. 463 - 465 Page 4 of 610 City of Thorold - Resolution - Bernardo (Maximum security) 10.4. Flag-Raising Request - United Way United Way Niagara is requesting raising the United Way flag in conjunction with their annual fundraising campaign, during the week of September 25th. Each year, United Way Niagara strive to raise millions of dollars to help provide local families and individuals with a social safety net and we can’t accomplish our goals without the help of local municipalities like the City of Niagara Falls. Recommendation: For the Approval of Council. Flag-Raising Request - United Way 466 - 467 11. COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMENTS OF THE CITY CLERK RECOMMENDATION: THAT Council receive and file for information Item #11.1 through to and including Item #11.6. 11.1. Resolution - Township of Emo - Black Ash Tree - Endangered Species Classification The Township of Emo has passed the attached resolution at the June 14, 2023 Council meeting regarding the Province of Ontario classification of the Black Ash Tree being a species at risk. Recommendation: For the Information of Council. Resolution - Twp Emo - Black Ash Tree 468 - 471 11.2. Resolution - Township of Severn - Climate Emergency Just Transition Transfer Attached is a resolution from the Township of Severn regarding the Just Transition Transfer (JTT). Recommendation: For the Information of Council. Climate Emergency Just Transition Transfer 472 - 474 11.3. Letter from the Honourable Steve Clark, Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing Attached is a letter from the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing regarding the new Building Faster Fund. 475 - 476 Page 5 of 610 Recommendation: For the Information of Council. Letter from Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing - Building Faster Fund 11.4. Niagara Region Correspondence Attached is correspondence sent from the the Niagara Region regarding the following matters: 1. Niagara Region Report PDS 24-2023 - Approval of City of Niagara Falls Official Plan Amendment No. 147 (Employment Policies) 2. Niagara Region Motion - Support for Association of Municipalities of Ontario (AMO) Municipal Code of Conduct Recommendations Recommendation: For the Information of Council. CLK-C 2023-096 PDS 24-2023 Approval of City of Niagara Falls Official Plan Amendment No. 147 (Employment Policies) CLK-C 2023-091 CSC-C 18-2023 - Support for Association of Municipalities of Ontario (AMO) Municipal Code of Conduct Recommendations 477 - 504 11.5. Integrity Commissioner Report - Final Investigation Report - IC-25822-0823 Attached is a letter and report from the Integrity Commissioner regarding IC-25822-0823 - Omnibus Complaint re: Various Members of Council. Recommendation: For the Information of Council. Joedy Burdett, resident of Niagara Falls, has requested to speak to this matter. Closing Letter to Clerk - IC-25822-0823 Final Investigation Report - IC-25822-0823 505 - 525 11.6. Comments from resident Comments from Resident 526 - 537 12. COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMENTS OF THE CITY CLERK Page 6 of 610 12.1. Noise By-law Exemption - Niagara Falls Curling Club Inc. - Gale Centre Arena Parking Lot The Niagara Falls Curling Club is submitting an Application for Exemption - Noise Control By-law for the consideration of Council. The Event/Entertainment Tent will host live entertainment in support of the International Curling Event (Grand Slam of Curling) that is being hosted inside the Gale Centre Arena from October 17-22, 2023. Recommendation: THAT Niagara Falls Council grant the Niagara Falls Curling Club relief to the City's Noise By-law to allow entertainment from 11:00 AM until 12:30 AM on Thursday, October 19, 2023, Friday, October 20, 2023 and Saturday, October 21, 2023. NiagaraFalls Curling Exemption Noise_Oct2023 538 - 539 13. RESOLUTIONS 13.1. Resolution - AM-2021-010 - Minor Report Resolution As per report PBD-2023-52 on the August 15th Council agenda, please see attached the resolution to deem changes minor to permit a 10.9m exterior side yard width along Montrose Road and to permit a 1.5 metre projection for balconies and canopies into the required side yard. Council approved the report on the August 15th agenda. This resolution was intended to be signed after the approval of the report. No. 12 - Resolution - AM-2021-010 540 - 541 14. RATIFICATION OF IN-CAMERA 15. MOTIONS 15.1. Motion - Amendment to Firework By-law Councillor Patel has asked Council to consider approving amendments to the current Firework by-law. It is recommended: 1. THAT staff be DIRECTED to amend By-law No. 2017-101 - Fireworks By-law; to include Diwali and Chinese Lunar New Year. 2. THAT staff INCLUDE amendments to sections 5.4 and 6.1; 3. AND THAT staff REVIEW similar by-laws from other municipalities. 542 - 589 Page 7 of 610 Joedy Burdett, resident of Niagara Falls, has requested to speak to this matter. Councillor Patel - Amendments to By-law 2017-101 Correspondence - Amendment to Firework By-law Fireworks_By-law - City of Niagara Falls Fireworks By-law - City of Mississauga Fireworks By-law - City of Toronto 16. NOTICE OF MOTION/NEW BUSINESS Except as otherwise provided in the Procedural By-law, all Notices of Motion shall be presented, in writing, at a Meeting of Council, but shall not be debated until the next regular Meeting of Council. A Motion may be introduced without notice, if Council, without debate, dispenses with the requirement for notice on the affirmative vote of two- thirds of the Members present. 17. BY-LAWS The City Clerk will advise of any additional by-laws or amendments to the by-law listed for Council consideration. 2023- 088. A by-law to provide for the adoption of Amendment No.160 to the City of Niagara Falls Official Plan (AM-2021-010). Bylaw 2023-88 590 - 593 2023- 089. A by-law to amend By-law No. 79-200, to permit the use of the lands for a 13-storey and 8-storey apartment dwelling and 10 blocks of 3 storey townhouse dwellings subject to the removal of a holding (H) symbol, and By-law No. 2007-062 is rescinded for the subject lands (AM-2021-010). Bylaw 2023-89 594 - 599 2023- 090. A by-law to authorize the execution and registration of an Encroachment Agreement with Vikrampal Singh Moomie and Baljit Kaur Moomie respecting the partial dwelling, front step and covered front entrance porch at 5705 Buchanan Avenue. 600 - 606 Page 8 of 610 By-law 2023-090 - Execution By-law authorizing encroachment agreement 2023- 091. A by-law to amend By-law No. 2002-081, being a by-law to appoint City employees, agents and third parties for the enforcement of provincial or municipal by-laws. By-law 2023-091 - 2023 SEP 12 By-law Enforcement Officers 607 - 609 2023- 092. A by-law to adopt, ratify and confirm the actions of City Council at its meeting held on the 12th day of September, 2023. By-law 2023-092 - 09 12 23 - Confirming By-law 610 18. ADJOURNMENT Page 9 of 610 The City of Niagara Falls, Ontario Resolution September 12, 2023 Moved by: Seconded by: WHEREAS all meetings of Council are to be open to the public; and WHEREAS the only time a meeting or part of a meeting may be closed to the public is if the subject matter falls under one of the exceptions under s. 239(2) of the Municipal Act. WHEREAS on September 12, 2023, Niagara Falls City Council will be holding Closed Meetings as permitted under s. 239 (2) of the Municipal Act, as well as under s. 239 (3.1) namely; (a) the security of the property of the municipality (c) a proposed or pending acquisition or disposition of land by the municipality (f) advice that is subject to solicitor-client privilege (3.1) 1. The meeting is held for the purpose of educating or training the members THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that on September 12, 2023 Niagara Falls City Council will go into a closed meeting to consider matters that fall under 239 (2) (a) to discuss the security of the property of the municipality regarding WEGO buses ; (c) a proposed or pending acquisition of affordable housing units; (f) advice that is subject to solicitor-client privilege with respect to a potential compensation process. Lastly, Council will be receiving information for educational purposes as it pertains to the new Strong Mayors Legislation. AND The Seal of the Corporation be hereto affixed. WILLIAM G. MATSON JAMES M. DIODATI CITY CLERK MAYOR Page 10 of 610 The City of Niagara Falls, Ontario Resolution September 12, 2023 Moved by: Seconded by: WHEREAS all meetings of Council are to be open to the public; and WHEREAS the only time a meeting or part of a meeting may be closed to the public is if the subject matter falls under one of the exceptions under s. 239(2) of the Municipal Act. WHEREAS s. 5.1 of the City’s Procedural By-law states that all regular meetings of Council shall be held according to the schedule to be set annually AND that in the event that a Special Meeting of Council is required, the Clerk shall provide all Members with notice of a Special Meeting at least forty-eight hours before such meeting. WHEREAS on September 19, 2023 at 3:00 p.m., and on October 18, 2023 at 3:00 p.m., Niagara Falls City Council will be holding a Special Closed Meeting as permitted under s. 239 (3.1) of the Municipal Act, namely; 1. A meeting of council may be closed to the public if the meeting is held for the purpose of educating or training the members. 2. At the meeting, no member discusses or otherwise deals with any matter in a way that materially advances the business or decision-making of the council. THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that on September 19, 2023 and October 18, 2023, Niagara Falls City Council will go into a closed meeting to consider matters that fall under section 239 (3.1) educational aspects related to the Strategic Priorities of Council as well as the Walkerton Clean Water Centre. No decisions of Council will be made at this time but Council members will be permitted to ask questions of staff related to the matters. AND The Seal of the Corporation be hereto affixed. WILLIAM G. MATSON JAMES M. DIODATI CITY CLERK MAYOR Page 11 of 610 MINUTES City Council Meeting 1:00 PM - Tuesday, August 15, 2023 Council Chambers/Zoom App. The City Council Meeting of the City of Niagara Falls was called to order on Tuesday, August 15, 2023, at 1:41 PM in the Council Chambers, with the following members present: COUNCIL PRESENT: Mayor Jim Diodati, Councillor Tony Baldinelli, Councillor Lori Lococo, Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg, Councillor Mona Patel, Councillor Wayne Thomson (present in Chambers). Councillor Wayne Campbell (present via Zoom). COUNCIL ABSENT: Councillor Victor Pietrangelo, Councillor Mike Strange STAFF PRESENT: Jason Burgess, Bill Matson, Kathy Moldenhauer, James Dowling, Shelley Darlington, Kira Dolch, Mat Bilodeau, Chief Jo Zambito, Andrew Bryce, Margaret Corbett, Heather Ruzylo, Brian Dick (Present in Chambers) Nidhi Punyarthi, Trent Dark (present via Zoom) 1. CALL TO ORDER The meeting was called to order at 1:41 PM. 2. IN CAMERA SESSION OF COUNCIL 2.1. Resolution to go In-Camera Moved by Councillor Lori Lococo Seconded by Councillor Wayne Thomson THAT Council enter into an In-Camera session. Carried Unanimously (Councillor Campbell was absent from the vote). 3. ADOPTION OF MINUTES 3.1. Council Minutes of July 11, 2023 Moved by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council approve the minutes of the July 11, 2023 meeting as presented. Carried Unanimously (Councillor Campbell was absent from the vote). 4. DISCLOSURES OF PECUNIARY INTEREST a) Councillor Mona Patel declared a conflict of interest to the following items on the agenda: Page 1 of 21 Page 12 of 610 • Item #8.5 - PBD-2023-51 - AM-2023-002 - as the Councillor's husband's employer will be affected by the development. • Item #17 - By-law 2023-079 and By-law 2023-080 as both by-laws pertain to PBD-2023-51, and the Councillor's husband's employer will be affected by the development. 5. MAYOR'S REPORTS, ANNOUNCEMENTS a) Mayor Diodati extended condolences to the following: • Zilpha Dark, mother of Trent Dark, Director of Human Resources. • Vince Cuviello, retired City employee. • Derek Tidd, former Town Crier. • Pam Jones, sister of retired Mayor and CAO's office employee, Cathy Crabbe. Mayor Diodati recognized the following recent events: Niagara Malayalee Association’s Tug of War Competition [photo] •Also attended by Councillor Patel, Councillor Pietrangelo & Councillor Strange Children’s Memorial Walkway Ribbon Cutting [photo] •Also attended by Councillor Thomson, Councillor Strange, Councillor Lococo, Councillor Pietrangelo, Councillor Nieuwesteeg South Niagara Hospital Ground Breaking [photo] •Also attended by Councillors Nieuwesteeg, Patel, Lococo, Baldinelli and Strange Steppe Up for Ukraine [photo] Annual Commemorative Service for Battle of Lundy’s Lane [photo] Key to the City – Frank Dancevic [photo] Niagara Fiesta Extravaganza [photo] •Also attended by Councillors Strange, Lococo, Patel & Nieuwesteeg. Fundraising Send-Off for Councillors Strange & Pietrangelo [photo] •Wish them well on their journey Councillor Representation Councillor Patel•Ruffin’s Pet Centres Grand Openings & Business Happenings [photos shown] •Sobey’s Grand Re-Opening •Roots & Blooms Flower Shop Page 2 of 21 Page 13 of 610 oAlso attended by Councillors Baldinelli, Patel & Lococo •Just Be Strong Inc. oAlso attended by Councillors Patel & Nieuwesteeg •Pie Guys oAlso attended by Councillors Patel & Nieuwesteeg (Baldinelli?) •Rona + oAlso attended by Councillors Patel & Nieuwesteeg •Niagara Parks Pop-Up Store at Fallsivew Casino •Neighbourhood Barber Shope & Shave Parlour Grey Cup Game - 2023 The historic 110th CFL Grey Cup Game will be hosted at the Tim Hortons Field in Hamilton. The game will be hosted in Hamilton but since our Niagara Peninsula has garnered international recognition and is the world's largest producer of icewine, it is only fitting for Niagara Falls to be serving the dessert. The Big game will take place on Sunday, November 19, 2023, but Grey Cup festival events will begin in downtown Hamilton Thursday, November 16th. Niagara Falls looks forward to hosting a special reception at the Fallsview Casino Avalon Theatre and the awards event at the new state of the art OLG Stage. World-class entertainment will be officially announced soon and free, safe and reliable shuttle services will run from Niagara Falls to downtown Hamilton throughout the festival. Looking forward to welcoming CFL fans to take a trip to Niagara Falls while enjoying all of the Grey Cup festivities. Mayor Jim's Charity Community BBQ • All are welcome! • Live local music, performance & games • Sunday, September 10, 2023 • 12-4:00 PM • St. George Serbian Orthodox Church, 6085 Montrose Road • To benefit: Niagara Health Foundation and the Niagara Falls Hospice b) The next Council meeting is scheduled for Tuesday, September 12, 2023. 6. DEPUTATIONS / PRESENTATIONS 6.1. By-law 2023-78 Rocky Vacca of Sullivan Mahoney Mr. Vacca appeared as a delegation to speak in regards to By-law 2023-078 - A by-law to amend By-law No. 79-200, to regulate the McLeod Meadows plan of subdivision on the lands subject to the removal of a Holding (H) symbol (AM- 2023-007). Page 3 of 21 Page 14 of 610 Moved by Councillor Tony Baldinelli Seconded by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg THAT By-law 2023-078 be read a first, second and third time and passed. Carried Unanimously (Councillor Campbell was absent from the vote). 7. PLANNING MATTERS Council left the Council Chamber to enter into a closed-door session, as per the previous motion passed. 7.1. PBD-2023-46 AM-2023-009, Zoning By-law Amendment 5705 Buchanan Avenue Proposal: To permit the existing 3-unit dwelling and add vacation rental units as a permitted use. Applicant: Vikrampal Moomie & Baljit Moomie Agent: Aaron Butler (NPG Planning Solutions) The public meeting commenced at 3:09 PM. Scott Turnbull, Planner 1, provided an overview of Report PBD-2023-46. Max Fedchyshak and Aaron Butler, from NPG Planning Solutions, shared a presentation on behalf of the applicant. Resident, Loretta Burns, of 5662 Buchanan Avenue, spoke in opposition of the development citing noise and garbage concerns. The public meeting was closed at 3:34 PM. Moved by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg Seconded by Councillor Mona Patel 1. THAT Council approve the Zoning By-law amendment application to rezone the property to a site-specific Deferred Tourist Commercial (DTC) zone to permit the existing 3-unit dwelling, increase the maximum area of the rear yard which can be used as parking area, and to add vacation rental units as a permitted use, subject to the regulations outlined in this report. 2. THAT the amending zoning by-law include a Holding (H) provision to require the owner to enter into an encroachment agreement with the City of Niagara Falls for the encroachments of the dwelling onto the City right of way unless the agreement is entered into prior to the passing of the implementing by-law; and furthermore, THAT staff be directed to add conditions to any licence on the property, restricting the noise level Page 4 of 21 Page 15 of 610 during service times at the Church of St. Ann, located at 5740 Buchanan Avenue, Niagara Falls. Carried Unanimously 7.2. PBD-2023-47 Employment Lands Conversion: Official Plan Amendment No. 157 (Fraser Street, west of Stanley Avenue and lands east of Fourth Avenue, north of Hamilton Street) The public meeting commenced at 3:38 PM. Brian Dick, Senior Manager of Policy Planning, provided an overview of Report PBD-2023-47. The following spoke to the matter: • Mark Mihalkoff (from Oleo Energies Inc.), of 5800 Thorold Stone Road, spoke in opposition of the development. • Chris Frail, of 4397 Third Avenue, spoke in opposition of the development citing traffic concerns (adding speed humps, leaving Third Avenue as a dead-end). • Peter Giblett, of 4354 Second Avenue, spoke in opposition of the development citing garden and environmental contaminants. • Linda Pope, of 5626 George Street, spoke in opposition of the development citing environmental and zoning issues (testing the soil). • Aaron Butler, from NPG Planning Solutions, spoke on behalf of a client whom lives on Fourth Avenue and was in support of the application. The public meeting was closed at 4:15 PM. Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson 1.THAT Council preliminary support Official Plan Amendment No. 157 with site specific conditions as outlined in this report. 2. THAT final Council approval of Official Plan Amendment No. 157 occur after public input has been collected and reviewed by staff. Not Put Moved by Councillor Lori Lococo Seconded by Councillor Wayne Campbell THAT Council deny the request from Staff to amend the Official Plan to convert two industrial designated sites into residential. Carried (Councillor Thomson was opposed). Moved by Councillor Lori Lococo Seconded by Councillor Wayne Campbell Page 5 of 21 Page 16 of 610 THAT Council bring forward Item #15 on the agenda to be discussed prior to the start of Item #8 (Reports). Carried Unanimously 8. REPORTS 8.1. F-2023-22 2022 Parking Fund Budget to Actual Variance (Unaudited) At 5:06 PM, Council discussed Item #8 (Reports). Moved by Councillor Tony Baldinelli Seconded by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg THAT the Parking Fund Budget to Actual Variance report for the year ended December 31, 2022 BE RECEIVED. Carried Unanimously (Councillor Campbell was absent). 8.2. F-2023-24 - 2023 Capital Project Closing Report Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg 1. THAT Council receive the report for information and approve the recommended transfers to/from reserves/reserve funds per Attachment 1; 2. THAT Council approve the closure of the projects listed in Attachment 1 and release any associated funding commitments; 3. THAT Council approve the Wet Weather Management Program Funding Adjustments as outlined in Attachment 2 to align the City’s approved capital budgets with Regional Program approvals; 4. THAT Council approve the recommended funding swaps, budget amendments and budget adjustments proposed in Attachment 3. Carried Unanimously (Councillor Campbell was absent from vote). 8.3. F-2023-25 2022 Development Charges Treasurer's Statement Moved by Councillor Tony Baldinelli Seconded by Councillor Wayne Thomson THAT Council receive this report and attachment for information. Carried Unanimously 8.4. F-2023-26 Cancellation, Reduction or Refund of Taxes Under Section 357 and 358 of The Municipal Act, 2001 Moved by Councillor Tony Baldinelli Page 6 of 21 Page 17 of 610 Seconded by Councillor Wayne Campbell THAT Council APPROVE the cancellation, reduction or refund of taxes on the various accounts per the attached summary and granted to the property owners listed. Carried Unanimously 8.5. PBD-2023-51 AM-2023-002 Minor Change to Zoning By-law Application Grand Niagara Draft Plan of Subdivision 8218, 8228, and 8547 Grassy Brook Road Applicant: Empire (Grand Niagara) Project GP Inc. Agent: Armstrong Planning I Project Management Councillor Patel left the Council Chamber at 5:09 PM as she had declared a conflict to this matter. Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg 1. THAT subject to subsection 34(17) of the Planning Act, Council pass a resolution to deem the change to the propo sed Zoning By-law amendment to be minor in nature and that no further notice is necessary; and, 2. THAT Council approve the change to the proposed Zoning By-law amendment as detailed in this report and pass the implementing zoning by-law on Council’s agenda this afternoon. Carried (Councillor Patel declared a conflict and Councillors Lococo and Campbell were opposed). 8.6. Councillor Patel returned to the Council Chamber at 5:10 PM. PBD-2023-52 AM-2021-010 Official Plan and Zoning By-law Amendment Minor Change to Proposed Zoning By-law Applicant: 2683421 Ontario Limited Agent: Zelinka Priamo Ltd. (Rob McFarlane) Moved by Councillor Tony Baldinelli Seconded by Councillor Wayne Thomson 1. THAT subject to subsection 34(17) of the Planning Act, Council pass a resolution to deem the revision to the Zoning By-law amendment application to be minor in nature and that no further notice is necessary; and, 2. THAT Council approve the revision to the Zoning By-law amendment as detailed in this report. Carried Unanimously Page 7 of 21 Page 18 of 610 9. CONSENT AGENDA 9.1. F-2023-16 - 2021 (unaudited) Budget to Actual Variance Report - Tax Levy Supported Operating Fund Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council RECEIVE report F-2023-16, 2021 (unaudited) Budget to Actual Variance Report - Tax Levy Supported Operating Fund for information. Carried Unanimously 9.2. PBD-2023-50 Matters Arising from the Municipal Heritage Committee Removal of 6270 Dunn Street from the Municipal Register of Heritage Properties Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council approve the removal of the property known municipally as 6270 Dunn Street from the Municipal Register of Heritage Properties. Carried Unanimously 9.3. MW-2023-24 Parking Control Review - Victoria Avenue, Morrison Street, and Simcoe Street Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council approve the conversion of the existing two-hour paid parking zones to two-hour free time limited parking on the following roadways: • Victoria Avenue from Simcoe Street to Bridge Street; • Simcoe Street, east of Victoria Avenue; and, • Morrison Street, east of Victoria Avenue. Carried Unanimously 9.4. MW-2023-25 Extension and New Contract Agreement with the Canadian Corp of Commissionaires for Parking Enforcement Services Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli 1. THAT Council approve an extension of the Canadian Corp of Commissionaires current contract from October 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 under the same terms and conditions as previously approved. Page 8 of 21 Page 19 of 610 2. THAT Council approve a single source procurement in accordance with By - Law No. 2021-04, Section 18 Single and Sole Purchases with the Canadian Corp of Commissionaires for the provision of Parking Control Officers. 3. THAT Council provide delegated authority to the Chief Administrative Officer and the General Manager of Municipal Works to negotiate new terms and conditions and execute a new contract with the Canadian Corp of Commissionaires for a term of five (5) years from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2028 with an option to renew the contract for five (5) additional one (1) year terms. Carried Unanimously 9.5. MW-2023-26 Proposed Community Safety Zones Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council approve the establishment of Community Safety Zones at each of the locations outlined below: 1. Dorchester Road between a point 45 metres south of McLeod Road and a point 80 metres north of Lundy's Lane; 2. Dorchester Road between a point 130 metres south of Thorold Stone Road and a point 20 metres north of Wilinger Street; 3. Dunn Street between a point 10 metres west of Dorchester Road & a point 22 metres east of Drummond Road; 4. Drummond Road between a point 58 metres south of Lundy's Lane & a point 19 metres south of Prospect Street; 5. Valley Way between Houck Drive & a point 44 metres west of Fourth Avenue; 6. Morrison Street between a point 20 metres east of Portage Road & a point 78 metres west of 6th Avenue; 7. O'Neil Street between Dorchester Road & a point 50 metres west of Portage Road; and 8. Kalar Road between a point 28 metres north of Thorold Stone Road & a point 272 metres south of Mount Carmel Boulevard. Carried Unanimously 9.6. PBD-2023-49 Matters Arising from the Municipal Heritage Committee Proposed Exterior restoration of the VIA Station, 4267 Bridge Street and Proposed exterior restoration of the former Carnegie Library 5017 Victoria Avenue Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli Page 9 of 21 Page 20 of 610 1. That Council approve the proposed exterior alterations to the VIA Station as they will not alter the reasons for designation and will assist in the continued use and further preservation of the building. 2. That Council approve the proposed exterior alterations to the former Carnegie Library building as they will not alter the reasons for designation and will assist in the continued use and further preservation of the building. Carried Unanimously 9.7. PBD-2023-50 Matters Arising from the Municipal Heritage Committee Removal of 6270 Dunn Street from the Municipal Register of Heritage Properties Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council approve the removal of the property known municipally as 6270 Dunn Street from the Municipal Register of Heritage Properties. Carried Unanimously 9.8. R&C-2023-11 2023 Sports Wall of Fame Inductees Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council approve the following 2023 Sports Wall of Fame Inductees: David Cuviello, Athlete, Soccer Paul Delano, Athlete, Soccer John Folino, Athlete, Soccer Mike Folino, Athlete, Soccer John Gallo, Athlete, Soccer Donald Gignac, Athlete, Boxing Brian King, Athlete, Soccer Vince Lepiane, Athlete, Soccer Sonny Pascuzzi, Builder, Boxing Vito Scaringi Sr., Builder Baseball and Hockey Andrea Vescio Sherry, Athlete, Soccer Niagara Falls Collegiate and Vocational Institute 1972 Football Team Carried Unanimously 10. COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMENTS OF THE CITY CLERK 10.1. Niagara Escarpment Biosphere Network (NEBN) Attached is correspondence from Walter Sendzik, Niagara Escarpment Biosphere Network (NEBN) Chair, asking Council to support this newly established organization. Page 10 of 21 Page 21 of 610 Recommendation: For the Support of Council. 10.2. Proclamation and Illumination Request - Arthritis Awareness Month - September 2023 The Arthritis Society is requesting that Council proclaim the month of September 2023 as Arthritis Awareness Month and approve Niagara Falls City Hall to be lit up in blue on Thursday, October 12, 2023 in support of World Arthritis Day. Recommendation: For the Approval of Council. 10.3. Proclamation Request - Child Care Worker & Early Childhood Educator Appreciation Day The Ontario Coalition for Better Child Care is requesting Council proclaim and participate in Child Care Worker & Early Childhood Educator Appreciation Day on Tuesday, October 17, 2023. This day recognizes the commitment, skills and hard work of Early Childhood Educators (ECEs) and staff who work with young children. Recommendation: For the Approval of Council. 10.4. Proclamation Request - Pitt Hopkin's Syndrome Local residents, whose 6 year old son has bee diagnosed with this rare genetic disorder, are requesting Council proclaim Monday, September 18, 2023 as "Pitt Hopkin's Syndrome Awareness Day." Pitt Hopkin's syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder involving 1000 children worldwide. September 18th is proclaimed as Pitt Hopkin’s Syndrome awareness day at an International level. The purpose of this proclamation is to create awareness about this rare genetic disorder to make community more inclusive towards these children. Recommendation: For the Approval of Council. 10.5. Flag-Raising Request - Childhood Cancer Awareness Month The Bauer family is requesting Council approve a flag-raising for Childhood Cancer Awareness Month for Thursday, August 31, 2023 or a time available in September of 2023. Recommendation: For the Approval of Council. 10.6. Proclamation Request - International Overdose Awareness Day Please see the attached as a request for a Mayoral Proclamation in honour of International Overdose Awareness Day, which is held August 31st worldwide. Positive Living Niagara is requesting Council proclaim Thursday, August 31st, 2023 as "Overdose Awareness Day." Moved by Councillor Lori Lococo Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli Page 11 of 21 Page 22 of 610 THAT Council approve/support Item #10.1 through to and including Item #10.6. Carried Unanimously 10.7. Proclamation Request - Rail Safety Week - 2023 Rail Safety Week will be held in Canada and the United States from September 18-24, 2023. This is an opportunity for us all to educate the public on rail safety. As such, CN is requesting Council proclaim September 18-24, 2023 as "Rail Safety Week." Recommendation: For the Approval of Council. Moved by Councillor Lori Lococo Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council approve the request to proclaim September 18-24, 2023 as "Rail Safety Week." Carried Unanimously 11. COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMENTS OF THE CITY CLERK 11.1. Our CN In Your Community - Report CN is committed to contribute to our shared future, from community safety and environmental efforts to local initiatives and partnerships. Learn more in our 2023 CN In Your Community report, which is now offered digitally in line with our goal to reduce our impact on the environment. Recommendation: For the Information of Council. 11.2. Plant Based Treaty Attached is information pertaining to the Plant Based Treaty provided by supporter of cause. Recommendation: For the Information of Council. 11.3. Niagara Region Correspondence Attached is correspondence sent from the Niagara Region regarding the following matters: 1. Niagara Region Report PDS 22-2023 - Proposed Provincial Planning Statement - Natural Heritage Policies. Recommendation: For the Information of Council. Moved by Councillor Lori Lococo Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council refer this report PDS 22-2023 - Proposed Provincial Planning Statement - Natural Heritage Polices to staff and to have staff report back on the proposed provincial planning statement. Carried Unanimously 11.4. Resolution - Town of Fort Erie - Ford-Woodbine's Race Stay Program Page 12 of 21 Page 23 of 610 Attached is a resolution passed by the Municipal Council of the Town of Fort Erie at its meeting of June 26, 2023 regarding the impact on Woodbine's Race and Stay Program on the Fort Erie Race Track. Recommendation: For the Information of Council. 11.5. Resolution - Municipality of Grey Highlands Attached is a resolution that was passed at the June 21, 2023 meeting of the Council of the Municipality of Grey Highlands, in regards to mandating school bus stop arm cameras. Recommendation: For the Information of Council. Moved by Councillor Wayne Campbell Seconded by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg THAT Council receive and file for information Items #11.1, #11.2, #11.4 and #11.5. Carried Unanimously 11.6. Resolutions - Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority (NPCA) At the July 21, 2023 meeting, the Board of Directors of the NPCA adopted the attached 2 resolutions. Recommendation: For the Information of Council. Moved by Councillor Lori Lococo Seconded by Councillor Wayne Thomson THAT Council receive and file for information. Carried Unanimously 11.7. Resolution - City of Woodstock - Homelessness Crisis and Opioid Crisis Attached is a resolution passed at the City of Woodstock's City Council meeting of July 13, 2023, pertaining to the homelessness and opioid crisis. Recommendation: For the Information of Council. Moved by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg Seconded by Councillor Mona Patel THAT Council receive and file for information. Carried Unanimously 11.8. Correspondence from the City of Toronto - Planning & Housing Committee - City Comments on the Proposed Provincial Planning Statement City of Toronto City Council on June 14 and 15, 2023 considered Item PH4.8 and the copy is attached for reference. Page 13 of 21 Page 24 of 610 Recommendation: For the Information of Council. 11.9. Motion - Social Issues Resident Steven Soos provided a suggested motion to Council that Staff revised for Council to receive for information pertaining to social issues. Recommendation: THAT Council receive for information purposes. Moved by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg Seconded by Councillor Mona Patel THAT Council receive and file for information. Item #11.8 and #11.9. Carried Unanimously (Councillor Campbell was absent). 11.10. Strong Mayor's Act - Summary of changes Attached is a summary reviewing the changes in legislation regarding the Strong Mayor's Act. Recommendation: For the information of Council. Moved by Councillor Lori Lococo Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council receive and file for information and that staff be directed to come back to Council with further information to provide clarity on a few questions raised. Carried Unanimously 11.11. Memo - Status of Application - AM-2022-017 - Zoning By-law Amendment - Kevin Dilts On July 11, 2023, Council held a public meeting to consider a zoning by -law amendment, to rezone a parcel of land from Open Space to Rural Agriculture (per Zoning By-law 1538, 1958) that would permit the construction of a detached dwelling. Recommendation: For the information of Council. Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council receive and file for information. Carried Unanimously 11.12. Memo - MacBain Community Centre (MCC) Hours August 15, 2023 In order to continue to expand and meet the needs of the community, including programming and rental requests, the Centre will be open Sunday’s 7:00 am to 5:00 pm beginning September 10, 2023. Recommendation: For the information of Council. Page 14 of 21 Page 25 of 610 Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg THAT Council receive and file for information. Carried Unanimously 11.13. City of Ottawa - Donation of Decommissioned Ambulance to St. John Ambulance Attached is a letter and the report from The City of Ottawa approving the donation of a decommissioned ambulance to St. John Ambulance Recommendation: For the information of Council. Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council receive and file for information. Carried Unanimously 11.14. Memo - DB-2023-002 - Deeming By-law Application ACK Architects – Michael Allen has requested Council pass a Deeming By- law under the Planning Act so that Lots 29 & 30 in Plan 31 will no longer be lots within a registered plan of subdivision. Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council receive and file for information. Carried Unanimously (Councillor Lococo was opposed). 11.15. Comments from Resident Moved by Councillor Mona Patel Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council receive and file for information. Carried Unanimously 12. COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMENTS OF THE CITY CLERK 12.1. Recognition of an Event of Municipal Significance and Noise By-law Exemption - Niagara Falls Night of Art - Niagara Falls Night of Art is an annual event where various art forms come together on one night to showcase the best of Niagara artistic talent. The event will be held on Thursday, September 21, 2023. Recommendation: THAT Council declare the Night of Art an Event of Municipal Significance to assist with obtaining a Special Occasion Liquor Licence from the Alcohol & Gaming Commission of Ontario and THAT Council grant an exemption to the Page 15 of 21 Page 26 of 610 City’s Noise By-law for the playing of music until 11:59pm on September 21, 2023 for the Night of Art Event taking place at the Niagara Falls Exchange and Museum properties. Moved by Councillor Lori Lococo Seconded by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg THAT Council declare the Night of Art an Event of Municipal Significance to assist with obtaining a Special Occasion Liquor Licence from the Alcohol & Gaming Commission of Ontario and THAT Council grant an exemption to the City’s Noise By-law for the playing of music until 11:59pm on September 21, 2023 for the Night of Art Event taking place at the Niagara Falls Exchange and Museum properties. Carried Unanimously (Councillor Campbell was absent from vote). 12.2. Noise By-law Exemption - Mighty Niagara Film Festival: Niagara & To Play A Daredevil's Advocate - Wednesday, August 16, 2023 The Might Niagara Film Festival is an annual event put on by the Niagara Artist Company with an event sponsored by the City of Niagara Falls Culture Section on August 16, 2023 and the event will be held at Coronation Park (5775 Hanan Ave.) The event is expected to attract 50-100 audience members from across Southern Ontario and Western New York. This event will support and pr omote the artistic talents of residents of Niagara Falls and the Niagara Region. Recommendation: THAT Niagara Falls City Council grants the Niagara Artist Centre relief to the City’s Noise By-law to allow entertainment until 11:00 pm on Wednesday, August 16, 2023. Moved by Councillor Lori Lococo Seconded by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg THAT Niagara Falls City Council grants the Niagara Artist Centre relief to the City’s Noise By-law to allow entertainment until 11:00 pm on Wednesday, August 16, 2023. Carried Unanimously (Councillor Campbell was absent from the vote). 12.3. Noise By-law Exemption - Mighty Niagara Film Festival: Showdown in Silvertown - Friday, August 18, 2023 The Sadies perform live to short films remixed from classic spaghetti westerns by Niagara filmmakers. The Might Niagara Film Festival is an annual event put on by the Niagara Artist Company with an event sponsored by the City of Niagara Falls Culture Section on August 18, 2023. The event will be held at Trikes ATV Park (4620 Buttery Street). The event is expected to attract 50-100 audience members from across Southern Ontario and Western New York. This event will support and promote the artistic talents of residents of Niagara Falls and the Niagara Region. Page 16 of 21 Page 27 of 610 Recommendation: THAT Niagara Falls City Council grants the Niagara Artist Centre relief to the City’s Noise By-law to allow entertainment until 11:59PM on Friday, August 18, 2023. Moved by Councillor Lori Lococo Seconded by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg THAT Niagara Falls City Council grants the Niagara Artist Centre relief to the City’s Noise By-law to allow entertainment until 11:59PM on Friday, August 18, 2023. Carried Unanimously (Councillor Campbell was absent from the vote). 12.4. Niagara United Soccer Club - 50th Anniversary - Request to waive by-law - Food Truck Niagara United Soccer Club is celebrating their 50th Anniversary on Saturday, August 19, 2023 from 11:00 AM - 2:00 PM at Kalar Sports Park. They plan to host a ceremony, providing food and drinks and planning fun games and giveaways. The Club is asking Council to waive the by-law to allow for the food truck at the event. Recommendation: That Council approve waiving the by-law to allow for the food truck at the 50th Anniversary event, on Saturday, August 19, 2023 from 11:00 AM - 2:00 PM. Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT Council approve waiving the by-law to allow for the food truck at the 50th Anniversary event, on Saturday, August 19, 2023 from 11:00 AM - 2:00 PM. Carried Unanimously 12.5. Memo from Niagara Transit Commission - WEGO Delivery Agreement Expiration Attached is memo from the Niagara Transit Commission regarding the WEGO Visitor Transportation Services & City Service - Planning for 2024. Recommendation: For Council information and to Refer to Staff. Moved by Councillor Wayne Campbell Seconded by Councillor Mona Patel THAT Council receive for information and refer the matter to staff. Carried Unanimously Page 17 of 21 Page 28 of 610 13. RESOLUTIONS 13.1. Resolution to go In-Camera - November 21, 2023 Moved by Councillor Mona Patel Seconded by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg THAT Council enter into an In-Camera meeting on Tuesday, November 21, 2023. Carried Unanimously 13.2. Resolution to call Special Council Meeting - November 28, 2023 Moved by Councillor Mona Patel Seconded by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg THAT Council enter into a Special Council Meeting on Tuesday, November 28, 2023. Carried Unanimously 13.3. Resolution - AM-2023-002 THAT subject to subsection 34(17) of the Planning Act, 1990 R.S.O Council deems the change in the zoning by-law minor and exempts the requirement for further written notice. Moved by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT subject to subsection 34(17) of the Planning Act, 1990 R.S.O Council deems the change in the zoning by-law minor and exempts the requirement for further written notice. Carried (Councillor Lococo was opposed and Councillor Patel declared a conflict).. 14. RATIFICATION OF IN-CAMERA a) Ratification of In-Camera Moved by Councillor Mona Patel Seconded by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg THAT Council accept an offer to purchase Part of Cook's Mills Road, being Parts 2 & 4, Plan 59R-17616, for $3,900.00 plus HST; and THAT Council accept an offer to purchase Part of Cook's Mills Road, being Parts 3 & 5, Plan 59R-17616, for $4,300.00 plus HST. Carried Unanimously 15. MOTIONS Page 18 of 21 Page 29 of 610 15.1 . Motion - Basic Income Councillor Lococo has asked Council to support the concept of a basic income. Resident, Sandra MacKinnon addressed Council on this matter. Moved by Councillor Lori Lococo Seconded by Councillor Wayne Campbell (a)THAT the City of Niagara Falls supports the concept of a Guaranteed Livable Basic Income to combat poverty, income inequality, and economic insecurity within our community; and supports the continuing advocacy of the Basic Income Hamilton Working Group (under the auspices of the Hamilton Roundtable for Poverty Reduction) to share research and unique experiences of local residents who participated in the Ontario Basic Income Pilot project; (b)THAT the City of Niagara Falls calls upon the provincial and federal governments to collaborate to research a national Guaranteed Livable Basic Income program; (c)THAT Niagara Falls City Council directs the Office of the Mayor to write a letter to the Prime Minister, local Members of Parliament and the Senate, the Premier of Ontario, local Members of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, calling on these orders of government to work collaboratively towards researching a National Guaranteed Livable Basic Income to eradicate poverty and homelessness, and ensure everyone has sufficient income to meet their basic needs; and (d)THAT the City of Niagara Falls encourages other municipalities across the province and the country to join in advocating for a Guaranteed Livable Basic Income as a key policy tool in the fight against poverty and inequality and to this end, Hamilton City Council will advocate through its representatives at the Association of Municipalities of Ontario and the Canadian Federation of Municipalities for Guaranteed Livable Basic Income resolutions at meetings of those organizations. Ayes: Mayor Jim Diodati, Councillor Wayne Campbell, Councillor Lori Lococo, and Councillor Tony Baldinelli Nays: Councillor Wayne Thomson, Councillor Mona Patel, and Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg CARRIED. 4-3 on a recorded vote 16. NOTICE OF MOTION/NEW BUSINESS 16.1. NOTICE OF MOTION - Amendment to Firework By-law Attached a Motion of Notice from Councillor Patel in regards to the current Firework By-law. Moved by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli Page 19 of 21 Page 30 of 610 THAT the motion brought forth by Councillor Patel in regards to the current Fireworks By-law be accepted and brought forth at the next Council meeting on Tuesday, September 12, 2023 for discussion. Carried Unanimously a) Niagara Falls Review Councillor Campbell discussed the issue of newspapers being delivered to the end of driveways. Direction to Staff: Staff to contact the Town of Fort Erie to investigate the by- law which states that papers be delivered to resident's porches. b) Council Meetings - City of Niagara Falls Direction to Staff: Staff to bring a report back discussing Council options regarding start times of city council meetings. c) Trailers/RV's parked in driveways Direction to Staff: Parking and by-law staff to come back with a report on parking in driveways for trailer and RV's. d) Resolution - Paul Bernardo Direction to Staff: that a resolution be brought to the next Council requesting Council's support of sending Paul Bernardo back to maximum security. 17. BY-LAWS 2023- 055. A by-law to amend By-law No. 89-2000, being a by-law to regulate parking and traffic on City Roads. (Parking Meter Zones, Limited Parking) 2023- 075. A by-law to designate Lots 29 & 30, Plan 31 to be deemed not to be within a registered plan of subdivision (DB-2023-002). 2023- 076. A by-law to provide for the adoption of Amendment No. 159 to the City of Niagara Falls Official Plan (AM-2023-005). 2023- 077. A by-law to amend By-law No. 79-200, to permit the use of the lands for a 5 storey, apartment dwelling with 50 dwelling units (AM-2023-005). 2023- 079. A by-law to provide for the adoption of Amendment No. 161 to the City of Niagara Falls Official Plan (AM-2023-002). 2023- 080. A by-law to amend By-law No. 79-200, to regulate the Grand Niagara plan of subdivision on the lands subject to the removal of a Holding (H) symbol (AM- 2023-002). 2023- 081. A by-law to amend By-law No.79-200 to permit a stacked townhouse dwelling containing ten dwelling units that may be used as vacation rental units (AM- 2023-003). 2023- 082. A by-law to amend By-law No. 2002-081, being a by-law to appoint City employees, agents and third parties for the enforcement of provincial or municipal by-laws. Page 20 of 21 Page 31 of 610 2023- 083. A by-law to amend By-law No. 89-2000, being a by-law to regulate parking and traffic on City Roads. (Parking Prohibited, Designated Lanes, Standing Prohibited, Stopping Prohibited) 2023- 084. A by-law to amend By-law No. 89-2000, being a by-law to regulate parking and traffic on City Roads. (Parking Prohibited, Designated Lanes, Standing Prohibited, Stopping Prohibited) 2023- 085. A by-law to amend By-law No. 89-2000, being a by-law to regulate parking and traffic on City Roads. (Parking Prohibited, Designated Lanes, Standing Prohibited, Stopping Prohibited) 2023- 086. A by-law to amend By-law No. 89-2000, being a by-law to regulate parking and traffic on City Roads. (Community Safety Zones, Speed Limits on Highways) 2023- 087. A by-law to adopt, ratify and confirm the actions of City Council at its meeting held on the 15th day of August, 2023. Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Tony Baldinelli THAT the by-laws be read a first, second and third time and passed. Carried (Councillors Niewesteeg and Patel were opposed to by-laws 2023-076 & 2023-077 and Councillor Lococo was opposed to by-laws 2023-079 and 2023-080; Councillor Patel declared a conflict to by-laws 2023-079 and 2023-080 and Councillor Nieuwesteeg declared a conflict to bylaws 2023-079 and 2023-080). 18. ADJOURNMENT a) Adjournment Moved by Councillor Wayne Thomson Seconded by Councillor Ruth-Ann Nieuwesteeg THAT Council adjourn the meeting at 5:59 PM. Carried Unanimously Mayor City Clerk Page 21 of 21 Page 32 of 610 BDD-2023-001 Report Report to: Mayor and Council Date: September 12, 2023 Title: Niagara Falls Economic Development Strategy Recommendation(s) 1. That Council approve the draft Economic Development Strategy Five Year Plan. Executive Summary Stiletto Consulting was hired in August of 2022 to develop the City of Niagara Falls Economic Development Strategy five year plan. The five year economic development strategy for the City of Niagara Falls identifies strategic opportunities and articulates a clear vision and focus for the City for 2024-2029. • The plan identifies priority sectors that reflect core strengths and emerging opportunities in Tourism, Manufacturing, ICT and Health Care. • The Plan leverages these sector with activities in four pillars: Diversify Economy, Retain and Grow Existing Businesses, Strengthen Ecosystem, and Expand Niagara Falls. • These pillars offer the City a compelling framework to structure its activities and accelerate its economic impact. To assist in developing the plan more than 5,000 data points were collected and included: • Analysis of comparator jurisdictions • Asset mapping of local ecosystem resources • Economic Analysis and forecasts • Stakeholder consultations with community members Background The former Economic Development Strategy and FDI Plan was used to guide the Municipality’s actions and ensured the best possible economic outcomes over the last seven years. The majority of the recommendations were implemented including the development of a comprehensive website and investment ready toolkit, development of Page 1 of 26 Page 33 of 610 the Montrose Business Park to provide shovel-ready sites to businesses looking at Niagara as a location for business expansion and attraction, Gateway and Municipal Incentives to drive development, business retention and company visitation programs focusing on the manufacturing sector and increasing aftercare services to the business community. An important priority for the Municipality was to maintain and support existing businesses while focusing on the attraction of commercial/industrial business opportunities and job creation. Analysis The purpose of the five year Economic Development Strategy is to serve as a roadmap to strengthen and focus Niagara Falls’ economic development work plan, programming, and service delivery to businesses and enhance the City’s capacity to attract and retain businesses now and into the future. Four main practices and trends will be important to the City’s success going forward: 1. Cluster Development 2. Workforce development 3. Economic Diversification + Excellence 4. Partnership Development Mapping of local ecosystem assets showed that the City has a strong economic development foundation, including important capabilities to support innovation and entrepreneurship. Economic Development Strategy – Pillars & Goals Pillar One: Diversify the Economic 1. Strengthen priority sectors with business park and cluster development: • Tourism, manufacturing, ICT and health care = important focus areas • Business park development to grow and attract businesses • Leveraging institutions • Cluster opportunities: bringing industry together 2. Diversify tourism with new attractions, Smart Tourism and other strategies: • Modernizing the tourism industry and improving infrastructure • Convergence of tech and tourism through Smart Tourism (e.g., digital trip planning / tours, WIFI access in the city) Recommendations 1. Enhance key sector cluster development including by actively supporting the HUB to bring post-secondary and industry together to ensure workforce alignment 2. Diversify tourism by encouraging planning, investment, and promotion in new year- round attraction and activities 3. Support and encourage new attraction investments and explore creative funding models for tourism initiatives Page 2 of 26 Page 34 of 610 4. Foster innovation in key sectors by leveraging the expertise and talents within the HUB and post-secondary partners 5. CIP Review and expansion 6. Develop business park and employment lands to grow sectors such as advanced manufacturing, ICT, and healthcare Pillar Two: Retain and Grow Existing Businesses 1. Continue to establish business development as an extension of businesses: • Broaden the Business Development Department’s reach and impact • Website, focused outreach efforts, enhanced marketing / communications efforts 2. Help small businesses that do not have their own human resources departments by expanding and raising awareness of the digital tools, activities, and programs that the Business Development Department offers to support small businesses: • Prioritize needs of local businesses (e.g., commercialization and R&D, and e- business solutions). • Dedicated marketing staff to achieve marketing and community / industry engagement goals. Recommendations 1. Enhance support for small business and entrepreneurship 2. Focus business retention efforts in key sectors: tourism, advanced manufacturing, ICT, health care 3. Actively connect businesses with post-secondary partners 4. Develop a communications and promotional strategy to support economic development plan and ongoing activities 5. Expand training and skills and development options and resources to small and medium businesses and their employees, in key sectors in particular Pillar Three: Strengthen Ecosystem 1) Develop key assets as anchor institutions: • Facilitating strategic partnerships (e.g., Niagara South Hospital, the University of Niagara Falls) • Maximize positive impacts of organizations 2) Facilitate partnerships and connections between organizations: • Business Development Department as a connector in network of government, industry, and academic assets • Share resources, identity gaps, and work together to achieve common goals Recommendations Page 3 of 26 Page 35 of 610 1. Develop University of Niagara Falls as an anchor institution 2. Develop Niagara South Hospital as an anchor institution 3. Consider other industry / institutional partners as possible anchor institutions 4. Conduct a labour market assessment to establish a deeper understanding of current and future labour market needs and opportunities 5. Build strategic partnerships in GTA Pillar Four: Expand Niagara Falls 1. Encourage development to support key sectors: • Innovative physical spaces including new business, industrial parks and innovation spaces that support economic development in priority sectors 2. Focus on business park development: • Pursue development In Grassy Book area • Leverage planned Niagara South Hospital to build medical business park, support health care sector Recommendations 1. Encourage and support accessibility in all businesses, including existing and future anchor assets in the City 2. Continue to advance strategies of connected transit throughout the City and Region 3. Expand the Niagara District Airport 4. Provide incentives and tools that support economic sectors and priorities, including downtown, industrial and commercial land development, and mixed -use developments 5. Connect business with opportunities for funding to help more development and expansion projects forward Eight Key Initiatives Leverage the eight landmark initiatives currently underway to maximize economic development outcomes: 1. Music Strategy 2. University of Niagara Falls 3. MarineLand Redevelopment 4. Business Park Development 5. OLG Stage at Fallsview Casino 6. Niagara South Hospital 7. Weekday GO Train Service 8. Niagara District Airport Redevelopment Financial Implications/Budget Impact The four pillars and supporting recommendations will be organized in a five year line to address priority projects with short term projects ranging 1-2 years, medium term 3-4 Page 4 of 26 Page 36 of 610 years, and long term 5+ years. Capital and operating projects with financial implications will be submitted over a 5 year period. Creative partnerships with anchor institutions, business associations, other municipalities and private partners will be explored as an opportunity to cost share and reduce financial implications. Strategic/Departmental Alignment The proposed Economic Development Strategy is in keeping with Council’s commitment to “Economic Diversification & Growth” by fostering a balanced and sustainable local economy achieved by expanding and diversifying the types of industries and businesses operating within the community. This involves attracting new businesses, supporting existing initiatives, and spurring innovation and entrepreneurship. List of Attachments Niagara Falls Council Deck_24Aug23 (1) Written by: Serge Felicetti, Director of Business Development Angela Davidson, Manager Business Development Submitted by: Status: Jason Burgess, CAO Approved - 06 Sep 2023 Page 5 of 26 Page 37 of 610 September 2023 Economic Development Strategy Page 6 of 26Page 38 of 610 Agenda •About Stiletto •Project Overview •Key Findings and Pillars for Impact •Recommendations •Leveraging Current Initiatives Page 7 of 26Page 39 of 610 Page 8 of 26Page 40 of 610 FOCUS RESILIENCY COMPETITIVENESS Stiletto: Make a Point Stiletto is a market research and strategic planning firm specializing in high-impact projects for communities and institutions.Page 9 of 26Page 41 of 610 The 2024-29 Plan identifies strategic opportunities and articulates a clear vision and focus for the City by leveraging and building on core strengths and emerging opportunities in four key sectors: •Tourism •Manufacturing •ICT •Health Care (with a focus on health innovation) Project Purpose Page 10 of 26Page 42 of 610 Keys to Success Niagara Falls has important strengths it can leverage to achieve strategic goals: •Anchor institutions •Place-based assets •Ecosystem strengths Page 11 of 26Page 43 of 610 Page 12 of 26Page 44 of 610 Navigating the Economic and Political Landscape •The City’s priority sectors (tourism, manufacturing, ICT, and health innovation), are aligned with emerging economic opportunities in the City, province, and beyond. •A changing economic landscape in Niagara Falls: from the impact of / recovery from COVID-19; income inequality; priorities of economic and environmental sustainability; the opportunity presented by local “anchor institutions”; and positive population growth trends. Page 13 of 26Page 45 of 610 Growing, Expanding, & Diversifying Technology and ICT generally is an enabling sector for: •Tourism: Embrace Smart Tourism and expand / grow attractions to support year-round, longer stays. •Manufacturing: Support advanced manufacturing, including in emerging sub-sectors like EV batteries and other clean energy solutions. •Health Care, with a focus on Health Innovation: Keep more health workers in the City by attracting more companies in the health innovation space (such as those in AI, big data, health-care related manufacturing and engineering, etc.), while also growing traditional and growing subsectors such as homecare.Page 14 of 26Page 46 of 610 Pillars Guiding Strategic Activities and Outcomes KEY OUTCOMES •Business Expansion & Retention •Business Attraction •Workforce Development •Infrastructure 1. Diversify the Economy 2. Retain and Grow Existing Businesses 3. Strengthen Ecosystem 4. Expand Niagara Falls KEY PILLARS Page 15 of 26Page 47 of 610 Page 16 of 26Page 48 of 610 Top Three Recommendations 1.Enhance key sector cluster development including by actively supporting the HUB to bring post-secondary and industry together to ensure workforce alignment 2.Diversify tourism by encouraging planning, investment, and promotion in new year-round attraction and activities, including pursuing the Music City implementation plan. 3.Acquire and develop business park and employment lands to grow sectors such as advanced manufacturing, ICT, and healthcare Strategic Activities Examples •Create a cluster development plan for each priority sector, including a bi-annual meeting. Standing agenda items could be information sharing about: 1) funding opportunities, 2) research projects, 3) labour market needs, 4) collaboration opportunities, and 5) emerging issues. •Work with vendors to increase digital / Smart Tourism capabilities, including cybersecurity, website development, payment systems, etc. This could include creating an inventory / survey to identify areas of strength and opportunity. •Support the growth and development of the Music Strategy for the City of Niagara Falls to augment the overall tourism product offering. Specifically, ensure the Music Strategy objectives are pursued through the strategic goals and activities of tourism partners.Page 17 of 26Page 49 of 610 Page 18 of 26Page 50 of 610 Top Three Recommendations 1.Enhance support for small business and entrepreneurship 2.Actively connect businesses with post-secondary partners 3.Develop a communications and promotional strategy to support economic development plan and ongoing activities Strategic Activities Examples •Enhance and expand the Small Business Enterprise Centre (SBEC) with the University of Niagara Falls and the HUB •Develop business case studies and impact assessments of successful post-secondary work-integrated learning opportunities. •Work with the HUB to create an identifiable network / database of private sector angels and mentors to help local entrepreneurs with scale-up potential to develop business plans and investment strategies. •Establish a marketing position within the Business Development Department to support extensive outreach efforts. Page 19 of 26Page 51 of 610 Page 20 of 26Page 52 of 610 Top Three Recommendations 1.Develop University of Niagara Falls and Niagara South Hospital as anchor institutions. 2.Conduct a labour market assessment to establish a deeper understanding of current and future labour market needs and opportunities . 3.Build strategic partnerships in GTA. Strategic Activities Examples •Work with and encourage large institutions to contribute to the City’s goals with missions / commitments such as prioritizing local businesses for institutional purchasing agreements, and developing micro-credentials and (in the case of the University), up-skilling programs to support workforce development in priority sectors. •Identify target partners in the GTA within the priority sectors (e.g., real estate brokers, academic institutions with applied research in priority sectors, and industry associations) and schedule meetings to discuss shared goals / initiatives for mutual benefit. Page 21 of 26Page 53 of 610 Page 22 of 26Page 54 of 610 Top Three Recommendations 1.Expand Niagara District Airport 2.Connect tourists with key assets across neighbourhoods 3.Connect business with opportunities for funding to help more development and expansion projects forward Strategic Activity Examples •Promote and market the Niagara District Airport to carriers and private businesses to grow local market potential and tourism visits •Provide incentives that support economic sectors and priorities, including downtown, industrial and commercial land development, and mixed-use developments •Encourage and expand promotion and marketing of City assets such as: •Fireman’s Park and its calendar of events •Niagara Falls Exchange •Pop-up markets such as the Christmas Market •MacBain Community CentrePage 23 of 26Page 55 of 610 Page 24 of 26Page 56 of 610 Alignment of Strategic Initiatives with Strategic Pillars Existing In-Progress Activity Strategic Pillar Diversify the Economy Retain and Grow Existing Businesses Strengthen Ecosystem Expand Niagara Falls Music Strategy University of Niagara Falls MarineLand Redevelopment Business Park Development OLG Stage at Fallsview Casino Niagara South Hospital Weekday GO Train Service Niagara District Airport Redevelopment Page 25 of 26Page 57 of 610 CONTACT LAURA O’BLENIS P r e s i d e n t & C E O laura@thinkstiletto.com TARA SUTTON P r o j e c t L e a d tara@thinkstiletto.com Page 26 of 26Page 58 of 610 September 2023 City of Niagara Falls Municipal Economic Development Strategy Page 59 of 610 Agenda •About the Process •Key Findings •Pillars for Impact •Strategic Sector Focus •Alignment: Current Initiatives + Council Priorities •Discussion Page 60 of 610 Page 61 of 610 Process: By the Numbers 185 SURVEY RESPONSES 236 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED 4 FOCUS GROUPS 26 INTERVIEWS +5,000 DATA POINTS Page 62 of 610 Page 63 of 610 Expand tourism sector with start-ups and Smart Tourism While tourism is the strongest sector by workforce counts (31.3%), it represents less than 10 percent of businesses (9.8%). There are opportunities for new start-ups in this space. Exemplars like Banff and Lake Louise are prioritizing Smart Tourism in business plans, introducing one-stop digital trip planning, itinerary building and reservations; other Smart Tourism efforts include pursuing living labs, free city-wide Wi-Fi hotspots, etc.Page 64 of 610 Expand and support growth in advanced manufacturing The City is a regional leader in advanced manufacturing: One in four firms in the Region (20.4%) is in Niagara Falls. The sector saw workforce growth between 2015-21, with a gain of 217 employees in the City. Advanced manufacturing is an opportunity for the City to move the needle on both local and Regional priorities (e.g., food and beverage manufacturing, supporting electric battery manufacturing; manufacturing to support the the hydrogen plant).Page 65 of 610 Diversify economy with growth in ICT and Health ICT Has good support in the City, with over 13 percent of the City’s total ecosystem assets (13.6%), but workforce and business counts are only 1.3 and 2.2 percent, respectively. HEALTH Second-largest sector by business count (518 businesses) and saw the largest business growth between 2015-21 (65 new business). Additionally, there is evidence that health workers are commuting out of the City. New business growth will help keep workers local and encourage additional workforce development.Page 66 of 610 Strengthen ecosystem With marketing and relationship building Stakeholders suggested increasing marketing efforts from Business Development to existing and prospective business community. Stakeholders recommended establishing industry clusters to share key successes and challenges, and create space for cross-industry innovation.Page 67 of 610 Page 68 of 610 STRATEGIC PILLARS Diversify the Economy Retain and Grow Existing Businesses Strengthen Ecosystem Expand Niagara Falls Page 69 of 610 Diversify the Economy TOP 3 RECOMMENDATIONS •Enhance key sector cluster development. •Diversify tourism. •Acquire and develop business park and employment lands. STRATEGIC ACTIVITIES EXAMPLES •Create a cluster development plan for each priority sector. •Work with vendors to increase digital / Smart Tourism capabilities. •Support the growth and development of the Music Strategy for the City of Niagara Falls.Page 70 of 610 Retain and Grow Existing Businesses TOP 3 RECOMMENDATIONS •Enhance support for small business and entrepreneurship. •Actively connect businesses with post-secondary partners. •Develop a communications and promotional strategy to support economic development plan and ongoing activities. STRATEGIC ACTIVITIES EXAMPLES •Enhance and expand the Small Business Enterprise Centre (SBEC) with the University of Niagara Falls and the HUB. •Develop business case studies and impact assessments of successful post-secondary work-integrated learning opportunities. •Work with the HUB to create an identifiable network / database of private sector angels and mentors to help local entrepreneurs with scale-up potential to develop business plans and investment strategies. •Establish a marketing position within the Business Development Department to support extensive outreach efforts.Page 71 of 610 Strengthen the Ecosystem TOP 3 RECOMMENDATIONS •Develop University of Niagara Falls and Niagara South Hospital as anchor institutions. •Conduct a labour market assessment to establish a deeper understanding of current and future labour market needs and opportunities. •Build strategic partnerships in GTA. STRATEGIC ACTIVITIES EXAMPLES •Work with and encourage large institutions to contribute to the City’s goals. •Identify target partners in the GTA within the priority sectors and schedule meetings to discuss shared goals / initiatives for mutual benefit.Page 72 of 610 Expand Niagara Falls TOP 3 RECOMMENDATIONS •Expand Niagara District Airport. •Connect tourists with key assets across neighbourhoods. •Connect business with opportunities for funding to help more development and expansion projects forward. STRATEGIC ACTIVITIES EXAMPLES •Promote and market the Niagara District Airport to carriers and private businesses to grow local market potential and tourism visits. •Provide incentives that support economic sectors and priorities, including downtown, industrial and commercial land development, and mixed-use developments. •Encourage and expand promotion and marketing of City assets.Page 73 of 610 Page 74 of 610 TARGET SECTORS Tourism Manufacturing ICT Health Page 75 of 610 Tourism OBSERVATIONS •The sector’s workforce share in the City was over four times higher than the national average. •While tourism is the strongest sector by workforce counts (31.3%), it represents less than 10 percent of businesses (9.8%). There are opportunities for new start-ups in this space. •The land where MarineLand currently sits represents an important opportunity for the City to facilitate the development of a major attraction. STRATEGIC ACTIVITIES EXAMPLES •Facilitate development of a new, major year-round attraction. •Promote charter flights to support, tourism, and convention activity, as well as cargo opportunities. •Strengthen synergies between tourism and other priority sectors.Page 76 of 610 Manufacturing OBSERVATIONS •Niagara Falls is a leader in this sector: one out of every four firms in the Region (20.4%) is in Niagara Falls. •The sector saw workforce growth between 2015-21, with a gain of 217 employees in the City. •Opportunity for the City to move the needle on both local and Regional priorities (e.g., food and beverage manufacturing, supporting electric battery manufacturing; manufacturing related to hydrogen plant). STRATEGIC ACTIVITIES EXAMPLES •Create a cluster development plan for each sector, including manufacturing. •Establish a consistent, collaborative, and dynamic Business Development Department marketing plan. Elevating and promoting leading industries like manufacturing outside of Niagara Falls is a key strategy for business attraction.Page 77 of 610 ICT OBSERVATIONS •The University of Niagara Falls has prioritized ICT in its degree offerings,which will be of substantive value to the City. •An ICT-educated workforce will not only power traditional IT sectors and industry (such as broadband and Internet of Things), but it will also fuel IT occupations in key sectors such as health, tourism, and advanced manufacturing. •Data supports how essential ICT is in supporting other key sectors: An estimated 587 people work in ICT industries, however, 1,895 City residents work in an ICT occupation. STRATEGIC ACTIVITIES EXAMPLES •Work with and support the HUB to create an identifiable network / database of private sector angels and mentors to help local entrepreneurs with scale-up potential to develop business plans and investment strategies in key sectors like ICT. •Support and encourage and Workforce Collective to establish a one-stop resource for job seekers and businesses seeking talent.This resource could include a portal and website to connect job seekers with businesses and also provide the City with important workforce and employer data in key sectors like ICT.Page 78 of 610 Health OBSERVATIONS •Second-largest sector by business count (518 businesses) and saw the largest business growth between 2015-21 (65 new businesses). •Additionally, there is evidence that health workers are commuting out of the City currently. New business growth will help keep workers local and encourage additional workforce development to meet increased demand. STRATEGIC ACTIVITIES EXAMPLES •The City can leverage the planned Niagara South Hospital to facilitate the development of an adjacent medical business park, which will support growth in the health sector. •Advocate for and support health innovation and incubation space run by the HUB in the new medical park. •Work with and encourage large institutions like the new Niagara South Hospital to contribute to the City’s goals with missions / commitments such as prioritizing local businesses for institutional purchasing agreements.Page 79 of 610 Page 80 of 610 Navigating the Economic and Political Landscape •The City’s priority sectors (tourism, manufacturing, ICT, and health)are aligned with emerging economic opportunities in the City, province, and beyond. •The plan responds to a changing economic landscape in Niagara Falls: Impact of /recovery from COVID-19; income inequality; priorities of economic and environmental sustainability; the opportunity presented by local “anchor institutions”; and positive population growth trends.Page 81 of 610 Growing, Expanding & Diversifying TECHNOLOGY AND ICT GENERALLY IS AN ENABLING SECTOR FOR: •Tourism: Embrace Smart Tourism and expand / grow attractions to support year-round, longer stays. •Advanced manufacturing: Support emerging sub-sectors like EV batteries and other clean energy solutions. •Health, with a focus on health innovation: Keep health workers in the City by attracting health innovation businesses (e.g., AI, big data, health-care related manufacturing and engineering) while growing existing subsectors such as homecare.Page 82 of 610 In February 2023, Council adopted three preliminary 2023-2027 Strategic Plan Pillars: Suggested Strategic Plan Pillars The Economic Development Strategy target sectors, pillars, and strategic activities support the City’s key pillars by building on existing strengths and seizing new and emerging opportunities. 1. Sustainability (Financial, Social, and Environmental) 2. Customer Service 2.0 3. Economic Diversity and Growth Page 83 of 610 Keys to Success Niagara Falls has important strengths it can leverage to achieve strategic goals: Anchor institutions Place-based assets Ecosystem strengths Page 84 of 610 Alignment of Strategic Initiatives with Strategic Pillars Existing In-Progress Activity Strategic Pillars Diversify the Economy Retain and Grow Existing Businesses Strengthen Ecosystem Expand Niagara Falls Music Strategy ✓✓✓ University of Niagara Falls ✓✓✓ MarineLand Redevelopment ✓✓✓ Business Park Development ✓✓✓✓ OLG Stage at Fallsview Casino ✓✓ Niagara South Hospital ✓✓✓✓ Weekday GO Train Service ✓✓✓ Niagara District Airport Redevelopment ✓✓✓Page 85 of 610 Target Outcomes 1. Business Retention and Expansion 2. Business Attraction 3. Workforce Development 4. Infrastructure Page 86 of 610 Page 87 of 610 CONTACT LAURA O’BLENIS P r e s i d e n t & C E O laura@thinkstiletto.com TARA SUTTON P r o j e c t L e a d tara@thinkstiletto.com Page 88 of 610 LOCALLYGROWN GLOBALLYKNOWN City of Niagara Falls Municipal Economic Development Strategy 2024-2029 Page 89 of 610 2 LOCALLY GROWN A diverse and vibrant population drives the Niagara Falls economy, which is fuelled by local businesses, multinational companies, and a long tradition of agriculture and manufacturing in the region. An increasing focus on local entrepreneurship and innovation is attracting a new population that is eager to put down roots and contribute to the City’s success. GLOBALLY KNOWN Niagara Falls has a worldwide profile for its stunning beauty and many tourist attractions. Enhancing its international brand is its location on the US-Canada border, which is ideal for international trade, tourism, and education. Page 90 of 610 3 INTRODUCTION Niagara Falls has a global profile as a tourist destination that attracts millions of visitors each year. Beyond its well-known brand, the City of Niagara Falls offers local residents, business owners, and potential investors a community with cultural and economic strengths. A valuable mix of natural resources, economic assets, and cultural and social diversity provide Niagara Falls with enormous opportunities to build on past successes and realize its potential as one of North America’s most dynamic and successful cities. Working together with education, industry, and government stakeholders, the City can mobilize the full range of its assets towards a Niagara Falls that is Locally Grown and Globally Known. The five-year Municipal Economic Development Strategy for the City of Niagara Falls identifies strategic opportunities and articulates a clear vision and focus for the City for 2024-29. The plan identifies priority sectors that reflect core strengths and emerging opportunities: tourism, advanced manufacturing (including EV batteries and other clean energy supporting technologies), ICT, and health (with a focus on health innovation). The plan leverages these sectors with activities in four pillars: Diversify Economy, Retain and Grow Existing Businesses, Strengthen Ecosystem, and Expand Niagara Falls. These pillars offer the City a compelling framework to structure its activities and accelerate its economic impact. Page 91 of 610 PURPOSE The five-year Municipal Economic Development Strategy for the City of Niagara Falls identifies strategic opportunities and articulates a clear vision and focus for the City. In each of the pillars, actions are proposed to seize, diversify, retain, and attract new investment, job creation and wealth generation in the City of Niagara Falls. 4 Page 92 of 610 VISION NEXT GENERATIONEconomicDevelopment The City of Niagara Falls is a thriving and prosperous city that is locally grown and globally known. 5 Page 93 of 610 6 The City of Niagara Falls Economic Development Strategy was created through a collaborative approach, including: BUILDING THE NEXT GENERATION OF NIAGARA FALLS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 236 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED 185 SURVEY RESPONSES GATHERED 26 INTERVIEWS COMPLETED 4 FOCUS GROUPS COMPLETED OVER 5,000 DATA POINTS COLLECTED Page 94 of 610 WHY NOW? The City of Niagara Falls is at an important crossroads in its development. A changing social and environmental landscape, along with landmark health, clean technology, and postsecondary developments, will bring many opportunities for economic growth. 7 Page 95 of 610 8 RESPONDING TO COVID-19 The COVID-19 pandemic had a disproportionate effect on businesses and workers in the community. Between 2019 and 2020, the City’s population saw significant decreases in employment income as a result of halted tourism activity. Workers in Niagara Falls were 56.7 percent more likely than other Canadians to lose 30 percent or more of their employment income.1 As the MAKING NIAGARA FALLS A MUSIC DESTINATION The music sector in Niagara Falls makes significant contributions to the social and economic fabric of the City by providing a vehicle for cross-cultural expression, creating jobs, encouraging tourism, and strengthening the City’s brand. To fully optimize the power of music as both a cultural asset and an economic engine, the City of Niagara Falls is working with Sound Diplomacy to develop a comprehensive strategy that will position the City as a music destination. The strategy aims to create a sense of community across the music industry in the City of Niagara Falls, develop an identity for the City as the “Entertainment Capital of Canada,” and strengthen the music ecosystem with a framework of policies and funding that enhance music assets, grow tourism, increase career opportunities, and attract a young, diverse workforce to the region. economy continues to bounce back, now is the time to stabilize the tourism sector with a broader range of products to support the overall resilience of the economy. The City will also increase its economic prosperity and its long-term sustainability by selecting priority sectors and building these up to add diversity to the City’s economic portfolio. 1 “Changes in Income Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic by 2019 Income Rank, Age, and Gender: Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions, and Census Subdivisions,” Statistics Canada, December 15, 2022, https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/ tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810009101 Page 96 of 610 9 SUPPORTING GREATER INCOME EQUALITY As of 2020, close to half of City of Niagara Falls residents (46.3%) earned less than $20,000 in employment income per year (among those receiving employment income).2 By contrast, 12.8 percent of residents earned more than $100,000 per year.3 For comparison, in the same year (2020), only 34.0 percent of Canadians and 33.7 percent of Ontarians with employment income received less than $20,000.4 To compare, in 2019, prior to the outbreak of COVID-19, the median employment income among recipients in Niagara Falls was $31,200.5 Through education, business, and employment initiatives, the Municipal Economic Development Strategy will help lift more residents out of poverty and foster a more equitable community across the City. PROMOTING ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY The City of Niagara Falls will soon adopt key strategic pillars (2023-27), which include economic diversity and growth, along with sustainability. Providing strong support for these goals, the falls are one of the world’s greatest sources of clean, renewable energy. Leveraging its natural resources and clean tech expertise and assets, the City of Niagara Falls has been selected as the first Ontario site for large-scale hydrogen production.6 The Niagara Hydrogen Centre, operated by Atura Power (a subsidiary of Ontario Power Generation), is expected to come online in 2024. 2 “Profile Table Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population,” Statistics Canada, December 6, 2022, https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page. cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Ontario&DGUIDlist=2021A00053526043,2021A00053526053,2021A000235&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 3 “Profile Table Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population,” Statistics Canada, December 6, 2022, https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page. cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Ontario&DGUIDlist=2021A00053526043,2021A00053526053,2021A000235&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 4 ”Profile Table Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population,” Statistics Canada, February 1, 2023, https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page. cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Ontario&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124,2021A000235&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=10,9,8,7,11 5 “Profile Table Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population,” Statistics Canada, December 6, 2022, https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page. cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Ontario&DGUIDlist=2021A00053526043,2021A00053526053,2021A000235&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 6 “Atura Power Selects Niagara for the Niagara Hydrogen Centre,” Atura Power, April 7, 2022, https://aturapower.com/news/atura-power-selects-niagara-for-the-niagara-hydrogen-centre/ Page 97 of 610 10 LEVERAGING ANCHOR INSTITUTIONS The City of Niagara Falls is fortunate to be the site of the South Niagara Hospital (opening 2027), and the University of Niagara Falls (opening 2024). These institutions (individually and jointly) can function as “anchor institutions,” supporting a wide variety of economic development activities in the Region.7 The City of Niagara Falls Business Development Department can maximize the positive impact of these organizations by establishing and enhancing partnerships focused on achieving mutually beneficial outcomes (e.g., the City of Niagara Falls will benefit from having anchor institutions that prioritize local purchasing, employment, and education resources, and anchor institutions will benefit from the Niagara Falls business and community ecosystem that is highly invested in their success). Taking a proactive approach to building these institutions’ “anchor missions” during their early development will be important. ENHANCING POPULATION GROWTH The City of Niagara Falls’ population is growing. Between 2016-21, Niagara Falls saw a greater number of people moving to the City than in the five-year period prior to the previous Census (2011-16). This share is 54.9 percent higher in 2021 than in 2016.8,9,10 Part of the City’s growing population is fuelled by newcomers. In fact, the City is out-performing St. Catharines and the Niagara Region in attracting newcomer populations, an essential component of future social and economic development. Niagara Falls’ share of newcomers is actually 17.1 percent higher than that of the larger Niagara Region and St. Catharines.11,12,13 Investing in supports for newcomers and raising awareness about the important role of immigration to the long-term success of the community will help ensure this growth continues. 7 Nevena Dragicevic. “Anchor Institutions,” The Mowat Centre and the Atkinson Foundation, 2015, https://anchorinstitutions.ca/ 8 “Profile Table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population,” Statistics Canada, December 6, 2022, https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page. cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Ontario&DGUIDlist=2021A00053526043,2021A000235&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 9 “Profile Table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population,” Statistics Canada, December 6, 2022, https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page. cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Ontario&DGUIDlist=2021A00053526043,2021A000235&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 10 Stiletto Analysis, 2023 11 “Profile Table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population,” Statistics Canada, December 6, 2022, https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page. cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Ontario&DGUIDlist=2021A00053526043,2021A000235&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 12 “Profile Table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population,” Statistics Canada, December 6, 2022, https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page. cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Ontario&DGUIDlist=2021A00053526043,2021A000235&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 13 Stiletto Analysis, 2023 Page 98 of 610 BUILDINGON SECTOR STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES 11 Page 99 of 610 TOURISM Niagara Falls is a clear national leader in tourism, which is its major industry. The City is globally renowned as a tourist location, and, as of 2021, the sector employed 31.3 percent of the City's workforce, totalling 14,106 people.14 The sector’s workforce share in the City was over four times higher than the national average, while the share of businesses was 97.0 percent higher than the national average.15 These were vastly higher proportions than the neighbouring city of St. Catharines, the broader Niagara Region, and the province of Ontario. 14 Canada Business Counts provided by Niagara Region. 15 Canada Business Counts provided by Niagara Region. 12 Page 100 of 610 HEALTH The economic analysis indicated that there are opportunities to grow and better leverage Niagara Falls’ health workforce by strengthening the health ecosystem in the City. The addition of the Niagara South Hospital will be an important anchor institution within the health ecosystem and the City more broadly. The estimated health sector workforce in Niagara Falls was 4,056, or 9.0 percent of the total workforce.16.17 From a high-level perspective, the sector was relatively small compared to that in other jurisdictions. The sector’s share of the workforce (working in the City) was 42.0 percent lower than the national average.18.19 However, the share of the City’s residents with an educational background in health was over 50.0 percent higher than the size of the City’s health workforce. The share of residents with a health- related education was also 10.0 percent higher than the national average.20 These figures suggest that health workers may be commuting out of the City for work. In order to develop its health sector, the City may need a two-pronged workforce approach: • Support more opportunity / capacity for health jobs within the City; and • Attract and retain health workers who tend to have higher education and income levels than the City’s average. 16 Canada Business Counts provided by Niagara Falls 17 Stiletto Analysis 18 Canada Business Counts provided by Niagara Falls 19 Stiletto Analysis 20 Statistics Canada 13 Page 101 of 610 ICT INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY As a co-owner of Niagara Regional Broadband Network Limited (NRBN), the City has an important role to play in investing in infrastructure that will attract firms to the City, particularly in its key sectors. Ensuring that the priorities and activities of NRBN and the City of Niagara Falls align will maximize benefits for City residents, visitors, and businesses. The University of Niagara Falls has prioritized ICT in its degree offerings, which will be of substantive value to the City. An ICT-educated workforce will not only power traditional IT sectors and industry (such as broadband and Internet of Things), but it will also fuel IT occupations in key sectors such as health, tourism, and advanced manufacturing. 14 Page 102 of 610 ADVANCEDMANUFACTURING Advanced manufacturing is a sector poised for overall growth in the City of Niagara Falls, which has notable areas of advantage within the sector. The sector workforce is an area for growth and development. With 1,500 workers, this sector’s share of the workforce was below the national average by 18.0 percent. As of 2021, the City was a leader in advanced manufacturing in three industries:21,22 The largest workforce is in beverage and tobacco manufacturing (NAICS 312), with 560 workers. This industry’s workforce share is over five times the national average, but there is further opportunity to develop this industry as its workforce share was below that of the overall Niagara Region (but still higher than that of Ontario). Chemical manufacturing (NAICS 325, 461 workers) is another area of strength. With an employment share over twice the national average, the City is also a regional and provincial leader in this industry. This trend is similar to what is observed in the non- metallic mineral product manufacturing (NAICS 327) industry, which has an employment share over twice the size of the national share and larger than the share of employment in the Region and the province. Meanwhile, the City is also a national leader in machinery manufacturing (NAICS 333) with an employment share 17.0 percent higher than the national average. However, this share is still well below that of the Niagara Region (46.0 percent higher than the national share) so there is further opportunity for growth here.23,24,25 23 Canada Business Counts provided by Niagara Region 24 Statistics Canada 25 Stiletto Analysis 21,22 “Industry Groups by Class of Worker Including Job Permanency, Labour Force Status, Age and Gender: Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations with Parts,” Statistics Canada, January 24, 2023, https://doi. org/10.25318/9810044801-eng 15 Page 103 of 610 A next-generation approach transforms economic sectors by viewing them through the lens of opportunities for diversification and cluster development. For example, tourism can be further diversified through Smart Tourism strategies (i.e., using technology such as a destination app to improve tourism planning experiences), and manufacturing can be strengthened with strong cluster development to encourage innovation, collision, and networking between industries within a sector. Applying these notions of diversification and cluster development, the strategic framework focuses on generating impact in four pillars: STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK The strategic framework takes a next-generation approach to economic development in the City of Niagara Falls, leveraging the City’s existing strengths to create impact across the economy. 1 Diversify Economy 2 Retain and Grow Existing Businesses 3 Strengthen Ecosystem 4 Expand Niagara Falls The strategic framework also aligns with and supports the City of Niagara Falls 2023-2027 Strategic Plan, which identifies two key priorities: sustainability (financial, environmental, and social) and exceptional customer service. These two priorities are reflected across the pillars and actions. 16 Page 104 of 610 VISION Next Generation Economic Development The City of Niagara Falls is a thriving and prosperous city that is locally grown and globally known. MISSION Focus and Invest Focus on priority sectors (tourism, advanced manufacturing, ICT, and health) and leverage two key differentiators to drive long-term growth: Smart Tourism (linking technology and tourism) and economic sustainability (fuelled by local growth, investment attraction, and economic diversification). PRIORITY SECTORS PILLARS FOR IMPACT Retain & Grow Existing BusinessesDiversify Economy Strengthen Ecosystem Expand Niagara Falls Tourism Advanced Manufacturing ICT Health STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK 17 Page 105 of 610 DiversifyEconomy Further diversifying the tourism sector and catalyzing cluster development potential in priority sectors will help the City of Niagara Falls expand its economic base. PILLAR ONE: STRATEGIC APPROACH 1. Strengthen priority sectors with business park and cluster development: Tourism, manufacturing, ICT, and health represent important focus areas for economic development. Business park development is a major strategic initiative to drive and expand these sectors in the City. With a business park strategy, Niagara Falls can attract growing GTA businesses that need additional space at more affordable rates. Using sector-based tenant criteria, the City can target businesses in priority sectors, encouraging focused growth. In addition, two new institutions (Niagara South Hospital and the University of Niagara Falls) can be leveraged to anchor these development efforts. To enhance workforce capacities and business attraction in these sectors, the City can also consider potential cluster opportunities that would bring together industry partners in these sectors in a concerted effort to generate impact. 2. Diversify tourism with new attractions, Smart Tourism, and other strategies: To diversify within tourism, the City can prioritize the development of additional year-round attractions that will further strengthen its position as a global tourism leader. To support these efforts, the City can also adopt principles of Smart Tourism. This work can be lead by those with expertise in the tourism industry and supported by the City and others. An important partner will be the HUB, as innovative start-ups are encouraged to think about and establish Smart Tourism solutions for the City. Partnerships will be essential as these tools are designed, promoted, implemented, and evaluated.26 These tools and strategies can make it easier for tourists to plan, access, enjoy, and share their experiences. With Smart Tourism tools, business owners and the City can also gather rich data about tourist flows, helping them to improve services, extend lengths of stay, and increase return rates. 26 Ulrike Gretzel, Lina Zhong, and Chulmo Koo, “Application of Smart Tourism to Cities,” International Journal of Tourism Cities 2, no. 2 (2016), https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-04-2016-0007 18 Page 106 of 610 19 RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Enhance key sector cluster development. 3. Diversify tourism by encouraging planning, investment, and promotion in new year-round attractions and activities. 4. Support and encourage new attraction investments and explore creative funding models for tourism initiatives. 5. Foster innovation in key sectors by leveraging the expertise and talents within the HUB and postsecondary partners. 6. Conduct Community Improvement Plan Review and Expansion. 7. Monitor, evaluate, and adjust progress for Pillar One recommendations. 2. Consider increasing density in existing industrial / business parks. 19 Page 107 of 610 PILLAR TWO:Retain and Grow Existing Businesses The City will continue to actively support, encourage, and enable growth for SMEs and multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Niagara Falls through strategic approaches that align with City priorities of sustainability and customer service. STRATEGIC APPROACH 1. Continue to establish business development as an extension of SMEs: The Business Development Department provides valuable support, resources, and connections for the City’s businesses. Helping the community see the Department as an extension of small businesses will broaden the Department’s reach and impact. The Department’s website provides an ideal connection point that could be further advanced, and focused outreach efforts will solidify the Department’s identity and positioning in the small business ecosystem. To promote relationship building with clear, consistent communication, the Department should consider hiring for a marketing position. 2. Help SMEs advance their business goals by expanding and raising awareness of the digital tools, activities, and programs that the Business Development Department offers: The City will actively work to expand its digital presence, enhancing the Business Development website and expanding its local and global impact on social media. Through the Business Development website, the Department will prioritize the needs of local businesses to support their unique needs, including commercialization and R&D; and e-business solutions. In order to continue to be an extension of SMEs in Niagara Falls, the Business Development Department must establish a consistent, collaborative, and dynamic marketing plan. This means supporting key sectors in their communication and marketing goals by elevating not only the activities of the Business Development Department, but also of industry itself in Niagara Falls. Currently, the Department does not have the resources to achieve the necessary marketing and community / industry engagement goals outlined in Pillar Two and therefore it is also a recommendation that a dedicated marketing staff position should be created. 20 Page 108 of 610 RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Enhance support for SMEs and entrepreneurship. 2. Focus business retention efforts in the key sectors: tourism, advanced manufacturing, ICT, and health. 3. Actively connect businesses with postsecondary partners. 4. Encourage local businesses to align their activities with the City’s priorities. 5. Develop a communications and promotional strategy to support economic development plan and ongoing activities. 6. Expand training and skills development options and resources to small and medium businesses and their employees, in key sectors in particular. 7. Monitor, evaluate, and adjust progress for Pillar Two recommendations. 21 Page 109 of 610 PILLAR THREE:StrengthenEcosystem Fuelled by the City’s priorities of sustainability, customer service, and economic diversification, Niagara Falls will strengthen synergies and networks within and across key sectors. STRATEGIC APPROACH 1. Develop key assets as anchor institutions: The City of Niagara Falls Business Development Department, through the HUB, will maximize the positive impact of organizations such as Niagara South Hospital and the University of Niagara Falls, among others, by encouraging and facilitating strategic partnerships focused on mutual benefits. 2. Facilitate partnerships and connections between organizations: The Business Development Department is an important connector in a network of support that includes government, industry, and academic assets. This connected ecosystem will allow partners across sectors to share resources, identify gaps, and work together to achieve common goals. A stronger ecosystem will also make the Region more attractive to new investors in priority sectors. 22 Page 110 of 610 RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Develop the University of Niagara Falls as an anchor institution. 3. Consider other industry / institutional partners as possible anchor institutions. 4. Conduct a labour market assessment to establish a deeper understanding of current and future labour market needs and opportunities.2. Develop Niagara South Hospital as an anchor institution.5. Build strategic partnerships in the GTA. 6. Monitor, evaluate, and adjust progress for Pillar Three recommendations. 23 Page 111 of 610 PILLAR FOUR:Expand Niagara Falls A next-generation approach will inform two key strategies to build the Niagara Falls of the future: 1) Encouraging development in key sectors and 2) Focusing on cluster development. STRATEGIC APPROACH 1. Encourage development to support key sectors: Embracing the City’s priority to diversify the economy, the City will plan innovative physical spaces including new business and industrial parks and innovation spaces that support economic development, particularly within the priority sectors. 2. Focus on business park development: The City will continue to pursue development of the Grassy Brook area, one of the last the last unplanned and unserviced greenfield areas in the City. In addition, the City can leverage the planned Niagara South Hospital to build a medical business park, which will support growth in the health sector. 24 Page 112 of 610 RECOMMENDATIONS 2. Connect tourists with key assets across neighbourhoods. 1. Invest in high-impact enhancements to public space and infrastructure. 3. Continue to advance strategies of connected transit throughout City and Region. 4. Expand the Niagara District Airport. 5. Provide incentives that support economic sectors and priorities, including downtown, industrial and commercial land development, and mixed-use developments. 6. Connect business with opportunities for funding to help move development and expansions projects forward. 7. Monitor, evaluate, and adjust progress for Pillar Four recommendations. 25 Page 113 of 610 26 BUILDING ON STRATEGIC INITIATIVES In addition to the pillars and proposed activities noted, it is important for the City of Niagara Falls to leverage where possible the eight landmark initiatives currently underway to maximize economic development outcomes. Music Strategy: The City is currently undertaking a comprehensive Music Strategy focused on developing Niagara Falls as a music destination and supporting the City of Niagara Falls' vision to be the Entertainment Capital of Canada. University of Niagara Falls: Welcoming students in 2024, the new university will be digitally focused and deliver programs targeted to meet labour market needs. The university will be a boost for the City’s economy and provide valuable workforce development support. Page 114 of 610 27 OLG Stage at Fallsview Casino: This state- of-the-art facility, located in the heart of the Fallsview District, is hosting top acts and will attract an additional one million visitors to the City each year. Niagara South Hospital: Once built, the new hospital is expected to have 469 beds and provide vital health care to the City. The hospital will replace aging facilities in the Region, offering leading-edge services, spaces, and equipment to meet changing needs. Weekday GO Train Service: The Metrolinx weekday GO Train service to Niagara Falls began its operation in 2019 and plans have been approved by Niagara Falls City Council for a Downtown Niagara Falls GO Transit Station, which will create a vital transit hub in the heart of the City. Page 115 of 610 28 Niagara District Airport Redevelopment: To increase the connectivity of Niagara Falls, the City is seeking a third-party operator who can support capital investments and advance the long-term vision of the airport. MarineLand Redevelopment: MarineLand sits on about 800 acres, with less than a quarter of it developed. This land is designated as open space, and thus can accommodate attraction development. Business Park Development: The City’s Montrose Business Park is sold out, with businesses developing this land. As other studies have recommended, the need for additional land can be filled through development of the Grassy Brook Area, approximately 495 hectares of land in one of the last unplanned and unserviced greenfield areas in the City. Another potential project to establish a medical business park adjacent to the Niagara South Hospital offers the possibility of supporting further growth in the City’s priority health sector. Page 116 of 610 29 EVALUATING STRATEGIC EFFORTS AND MONITORING PROGRESS Key performance indicators (KPIs) are an effective method to evaluate strategic efforts and monitor progress toward goals. Included here is a KPI template the Business Development Department can use to establish target metrics and measure progress toward that goal. Many of the recommendations and activities involve the support of other organizations (e.g., the HUB), and it will be important to involve those stakeholders as the metrics are established. A B RECOMMENDATION EXAMPLE KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS / METRICS Pillar One: Diversify Economy 1. Enhance key sector cluster development • # of industry meetings where sector SWOT is discussed • Establishment of labour market assessment committee and setting of timelines, goals, and resources required INITIATIVE DIVERSIFY ECONOMY RETAIN AND GROW EXISTING BUSINESSES STRENGTHEN ECOSYSTEM EXPAND NIAGARA FALLS Music Strategy ✔✔✔ University of Niagara Falls ✔✔✔ OLG Stage at Fallsview Casino ✔✔ Niagara South Hospital and Medical Business Park ✔✔✔✔ Weekday GO Train Service ✔✔✔ Niagara District Airport Redevelopment ✔✔✔ MarineLand Redevelopment ✔✔✔✔ Business Park Development ✔✔✔✔ Page 117 of 610 30 A B RECOMMENDATION EXAMPLE KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS / METRICS 1. Enhance key sector cluster development (cont'd) • # of new key sector businesses attracted to Niagara Falls (total, by- sector): • tourism • advanced manufacturing • ICT • health • # of new partnerships formed to support the attraction of new businesses into Niagara Falls from key sectors • Establish twice-yearly meetings with the HUB to review industry needs with Niagara College, Brock University, and the University of Niagara Falls to align academic programming with industry needs • HUB satellite location in the new medical park • # of health-related start-ups / incubations supported by HUB • Increasing availability of health-related jobs for educated workforce: • # of new businesses in health sector • # of jobs in health in Niagara Falls • Establish plan to promote and market Grassy Brook’s status as shovel ready • # of new tenants confirmed • # of jobs located in the business park 2. Consider increasing density in existing industrial / business parks • # of tenants in priority sectors • % increase in park density 3. Diversify tourism by encouraging planning, investment and promotion in new year-round attractions and activities • # of initiatives / incentives and opportunities for land severages etc. accessed to increase density • # of new incentives created • Facilitate spa / wellness attraction: • # of potential attraction vendors met with • Partnering with postsecondary to create and establish private sector research projects based in tourism digital technologies: • # of completed research projects 4. Support and encourage new attraction investments and explore creative funding models for tourism initiatives • Implementation of Music Strategy for the City of Niagara Falls: • Create a Niagara Falls Music Office • Appoint a Music Officer • Develop a music marketing strategy for the City (Create a “Music Destination” campaign) • Create a Music Advisory Task Force • Create a directory / map of music resources • Support and promote the Niagara Falls Exchange building as a local cultural hub • Establish a tourism-focused incubator within the HUB, and consider Niagara College and Brock University as potential partners • # of new tourism businesses established in Niagara Falls • Actively promote and market film production in Niagara Falls: • # of film permits granted • # of jobs connected to film industry Page 118 of 610 31 A B RECOMMENDATION EXAMPLE KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS / METRICS 5. Foster innovation in key sectors by leveraging the expertise and talents within the HUB and post-secondary partners • Creation of ICT program • Health innovation and incubation space (run by HUB) in new medical park 6. Conduct CIP Review and expansion • Review completed Pillar Two: Retain and Grow Existing Businesses 1. Enhance support for small business and entrepreneurship • # of grant or other funding sources shared with small or start-up businesses • Total amount of funding received as a result of SBEC and / or HUB support • New jobs connected to funding • New equipment connected to funding 2. Focus business retention efforts in the key sectors: • tourism • advanced manufacturing • ICT • health • # of programs targeted to key sector start-ups and / or expansions • Level of satisfaction among businesses who use digital resources and feedback about additional needs for information and resources on the digital platform • # of times digital resources are accessed • # of small business success stories shared on digital channels • % of small business outreach within priority sectors • # of businesses involved in cluster development bi-annual meetings 3. Actively connect businesses with postsecondary partners • # of employers within key sectors targeted to focus postsecondary partnership development efforts • % of targeted employers in key sectors engaged in work-integrated learning with PSE • # of events and participants targeted to the employers identified in the target list above • # work-integrated learning business case studies and impact assessments developed and communicated 4. Encourage local businesses to align their activities with the City’s priorities.• # of innovation summits 5. Develop a communications and promotional strategy to support economic development plan and ongoing activities • Marketing role established within Business Development • Marketing plan created • Grow social media presence (i.e., % increase in followers, # of re- posts / digital engagement, etc.) • Create targeted sector marketing and specific business campaigns to promote business retention and attraction efforts 6. Expand training and skills development options and resources to small and medium businesses and their employees, in key sectors in particular • # of small and medium existing businesses that have engaged in training Page 119 of 610 32 A B RECOMMENDATION EXAMPLE KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS / METRICS Pillar Three: Strengthen Ecosystem 1. Develop University of Niagara Falls as an anchor institution • Anchor mission established and made transparent to the community • With anchor institution, develop three KPIs that will hold each partner accountable to the mission statements made 2. Develop Niagara South Hospital as an anchor institution • Anchor mission established and made transparent to the community • With anchor institution, develop three KPIs that will hold each partner accountable to the mission statements made 3. Consider other industry / institutional partners as possible anchor institutions • # of institutions explored as anchor institutions • # of institutions established as anchor institutions 4. Conduct a labour market assessment to establish a deeper understanding of current and future labour market needs and opportunities • Once completed, action items detailed within the labour market assessment: • # of recommendations undertaken • # of recommendations completed 5. Build strategic partnerships in the GTA • Build relationships with those who can provide leads and share trends on key sectors: • # of target partners identified with the priority sectors (real estate brokers, academic institutions with applied research in priority sectors, and industry associations). Create and maintain a database • # of exploratory meetings held • # of industry associations met with • # of applied research institutions in GTA met with • # of industry conferences attended to promote Niagara Falls as an ideal location for key sectors Pillar Four: Expand Niagara Falls 1. Invest in high-impact enhancements to public space and infrastructure • # of enhancements 2. Connect tourists with key assets across neighbourhoods • # local community assets included / featured in core tourism promotional tools (i.e., Fireman’s Park and its calendar of events; Niagara Falls Xchange, including the Hub and Farmers’ Market; Museums; Pop-up Markets such as the Christmas Market; Oakes Garden Theatre, etc.) 3. Continue to advance strategies of connected transit throughout City and Region • # of updates of short- and long-term transit plans in communications to business community 4. Expand the Niagara District Airport • # of initiatives / promotions of charter and cargo flights to support, tourism, convention, and other business activities Page 120 of 610 A B RECOMMENDATION EXAMPLE KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS / METRICS 5. Provide incentives and tools that support economic sectors and priorities, including downtown, industrial and commercial land development, and mixed-use developments • # of new CIPs created / or adjustments made to existing CIPs • $ of CIP funding provided • Processes adjusted to make CIP application more streamlined for businesses • Creation and communications of a digital tool that matches available land to business owner needs • # of users who have accessed the digital tool 6. Connect businesses with opportunities for funding to help move development and expansion projects forward • Creation and communications of funding support for businesses (i.e., providing business with insights around what funding opportunities are available). This support can help businesses to navigate to a specialized area that includes key funding opportunities: • Workforce development and retention • R & D • Evaluate use of funding portal (using technology such as Fundica), which will serve two purposes: • Helping the City to track business needs • Enabling businseses to navigiate funding opportunities on their own 33 Page 121 of 610 34 ABOUT STILETTO Stiletto conducts market research and develops strategies for organizations focused on innovation. This work requires a collaborative approach, one that puts people first and uses meaningful data to guide recommendations. Working at the intersection of government, academia, and industry, we bring communities together to envision concepts, generate evidence-based insights, and move bold ideas forward. Clients across North America have included municipalities, economic development organizations, postsecondary education institutions, science and technology companies, research and technology parks, innovation districts, and accelerators. ABOUT BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT As the strategic economic engine of the City, the Niagara Falls Business Development Department positions Niagara Falls as Ontario’s premier resort gaming and tourism destination through support for local expansion, sustained growth, and new investment attraction. The team fosters strong relationships across the City’s diverse range of businesses and business owners and enhances economic growth, innovation, and entrepreneurship. By creating opportunities to attract and retain young families, youth, and newcomers to the City, Business Development works to ensure Niagara Falls will remain a vibrant and thriving community for generations to come. Page 122 of 610 PBD-2023-53 Report Report to: Mayor and Council Date: September 12, 2023 Title: AM-2023-011 Zoning By-law Amendment Application 5504 Lewis Avenue Applicant: Jingfang Wang Agent: Greg Taras (Urban & Environmental Management Inc.) Recommendation(s) 1. That Council approve the Zoning By-law amendment to rezone the property, a site- specific Residential Apartment 5A Density (R5A) Zone to allow the conversion of an existing mixed-use building to an apartment dwelling containing 7 units, subject to the regulations outlined in this report, 2. That the amending Zoning By-law include a Holding (H) provision to require a Development Agreement be entered into between the applicant and the City containing noise warning clauses to the satisfaction of the City and the Niagara Region, 3. That the Mayor and Clerk be authorized to execute a Development Agreement to the Satisfaction of the City Solicitor; and further, 4. That the City Solicitor be authorized to register the Development Agreement on title to 5504 Lewis Avenue in the Land Registry Office at Mr. Jingfang Wang's expense. Executive Summary Jingfang Wang has applied for a Zoning By-law amendment to permit the conversion of an existing mixed use building to a 7-unit residential apartment building. The amendment is recommended for the following reasons: • The proposed development conforms to Provincial, Regional, and City policies as it will contribute to the minimum intensification rate of 50% of all residential units constructed in the City, and will create additional housing units with a variety of unit sizes to provide housing choices for residents within the urban area. Page 1 of 11 Page 123 of 610 • The requested and recommended regulations are appropriate to regulate the proposed use and ensure the proposed development will be compatible with the surrounding properties. • The reduction of the minimum lot area requirement is minor, the reduction of the front yard depth and the interior lot line on the north side is to recognize the existing setbacks with the reduction of the landscape/open space requirement can be supported as a City park is located across the street. Background Proposal Jingfang Wang has requested a Zoning By-law amendment for a parcel of land totalling approximately 0.13 ha (0.32 ac) as shown on Schedule 1. Schedule 2 shows details of the proposed development. The land is zoned Deferred Tourist Commercial (DTC-97), in accordance with Zoning By-law 79-200, as amended by site specific By-law 1985-155 and By-law 2012-060. The applicant is requesting to rezone the subject property to a site specific R5A zone to allow for an apartment dwelling containing 7 units in the existing mixed-use building. Site Conditions and Surrounding Land Uses The subject land is located on an interior lot being the former Geppino’s food market with residential uses. A parking area is located on the south and east side of the building. An accessory structure at the rear of the property will be removed to provide parking spaces and landscaped open space. The subject land is bounded by Lewis Avenue on the west, with the former Niagara Falls Arena (parking lot) to the west, and detached dwellings on the north, south, and east sides with a laneway between the east lot line and the detached dwellings. Curb stops will be extended along the lot line adjacent to 5514 Lewis Avenue to prov ide separation between lot lines with the City recommending a board on board fence along this interior lot line. Circulation Comments Information about the requested Zoning By-law amendment was circulated to City divisions, agencies, and the public for comments. The following summarizes the comments received to date. - Niagara Region • The Niagara Region supports the application. Page 2 of 11 Page 124 of 610 • Niagara Region staff recommend a warning clause with respect to nearby commercial / non -residential uses be included within the Development Agreement: to advise purchasers and tenants of audible sound levels from nearby commercial and industrial uses. A holding (H) provision will be applied in the amending zoning by-law to require a Development Agreement with the noise warning clause. • For waste collection, Niagara Region staff recommend that collection be done at the curbside. If the site is unable to meet the requirements for collection on-site by the Niagara Region, collection will have to be through a private contractor. The site remains eligible for Regional curbside recycling and green bin collection. - Building Services • No objections or concerns. • A Record of Site Condition (RSC) is not required when applying for a building permit due to the previous residential use of a portion of the building. The application can exempted from this requirement. - GIS, Fire and Legal Services, Municipal Works, Landscape and Transportation Services • No objections or concerns. Neighbourhood Comments The neighbourhood open house meeting was held on August 1, 2023, attended by the applicant’s representative. One email was received for the proposal. The email asked if other lands would be affected by the rezoning application. In response, the zoning change has only been requested for the subject property. Analysis 1. Provincial Policies The Planning Act requires City planning decisions to be consistent with the Provincial Policy Statement and conform to the Provincial “A Place to Grow” Plan. The proposed development is consistent and conforms as follows: • The proposed development satisfies matters of provincial interest as outlined in Section 2 of the Planning Act; Page 3 of 11 Page 125 of 610 • The proposed conversion of the former grocery store for additional residential apartments in the existing building facilitates growth and intensification in the settlement area and utilizes existing municipal infrastructure; and, • The proposal will provide additional housing options in the City. 2. Regional Official Plan The subject land is designated as Urban Area (Built-up Area) in the Regional Official Plan. Regional Policies direct growth to settlement areas where existing servicing exists, and a range of housing choices and transportation options can be provided. The proposed development is within the urban area and contributes to the minimum intensification target of 50% for all residential units occurring annually within the City of Niagara Falls. 3. City’s Official Plan The Official Plan designates the subject land as Tourist Commercial within the Clifton Hill subdistrict. The proposal complies with the intent of the Official Plan as follows: • The development contributes to a complete community by providing residential uses to support nearby commercial uses; • The proposal is an existing 2-storey stand alone building close to commercial areas with the surface parking located on the interior and rear yards. Its height and density (53 units per hectare) are suitable for the lot size, provides intensification and additional housing units, stores are approximately 500 metres and restaurants along Centre street are approximately 200 metres in walking distance; • The proposed conversion of the commercial grocery store to residential apartment units will increase the density of the property, provide additional rental apartment housing options in the City, accommodate population growth, contribute to the intensification targets in the City and will be compatible with the surrounding residential uses; and • There are adequate municipal services, and no transportation impacts are expected. 4. Zoning By-law The applicant has requested a site specific R5A zone to allow for the apartment dwelling use and to recognize the departures of the R5A zone regulations on the subject property. Page 4 of 11 Page 126 of 610 The departures requested from the standard R5A regulations are summarized in the following table: ZONE REGULATION EXISTING REGULATION PROPOSED REGULATION STAFF RECOMMENDATION (Details to follow) Minimum lot area 200 square metres for each dwelling unit 185.7 square metres for each dwelling unit minor - support Minimum front yard depth (existing) 7.5 metres 2.57 metres to the existing building existing setback - support Minimum interior side yard width (existing) 3.55 metres 1.83 metres to the existing building from the north lot line existing setback support Minimum landscaped open space 30% of the lot area 14% of the lot area City park across the street - support The requested zoning is appropriate as follows: • The reduction of the minimum lot area for each dwelling unit is considered minor as there are no proposed changes to the building. The overall site layout allows for an amenity area behind the building, enough required parking for the apartment use, a garbage pick up area, and a designated green space; • The reduction of the minimum front yard depth and interior side yard depth to the north lot line is to recognize the setbacks to the existing building which allows for adequate separation; • Currently there is not a landscaped open space area on the subject property. The proposal will add a 2-metre landscape strip along rear of the property and an additional open space/amenity area behind the building. The landscaped open space area will increase from 0% to 14%. The 14% landscape open space area can be supported as the abutting properties to the north side and south side have landscape strips abutting the lot line and there is a small city park located across the street which the apartment residents can use; and, • The proposal provides and existing 1.6 m chain link fence along the rear lot line and interior lot line adjacent to 5490 Lewis Avenue. Curb stops will be extended along the interior lot line adjacent to 5514 Lewis Avenue to provide se paration between properties, with the City recommending a board on board fence along Page 5 of 11 Page 127 of 610 the interior lot line. There will be private garbage and the pickup area will be located at the south east corner rear lot line adjacent to the laneway. Operational Implications and Risk Analysis No operational implications and risk analysis. Financial Implications/Budget Impact The proposal will generate development charge contributions and provide property tax revenue for the City. Strategic/Departmental Alignment This proposal supports the Diverse Housing Strategic Priority by providing housing to meet the needs of people of all ages, incomes and abilities. List of Attachments SCHEDULE 1 - Location Map LEWIS AVENUE Aug. 17 SCHEDULE 2 - Site Plan Draft By-law Written by: Nick DeBenedetti, Planner 2 Submitted by: Status: Andrew Bryce, Director of Planning None Kira Dolch, General Manager, Planning, Building & Development None Jason Burgess, CAO None Page 6 of 11 Page 128 of 610 SCHEDULE 1 (Location Map) Page 7 of 11 Page 129 of 610 SCHEDULE 2 (Site Plan) Page 8 of 11 Page 130 of 610 CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS By—lawNo.2023-xxxx (DRAFT) A by—lawto amend By—lawNo.79-200,to permit the use of the lands for a 7—unit apartment dwelling subject to the removal of a holding (H)symbol (AM—2023—011). THE COUNCIL OF THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS ENACTS AS FOLLOWS: 1.The Lands that are the subject of and affected by the provisions of this by—law are described in Schedule 1 of this by—lawand shall be referred to in this by—law as the “Lands”.Schedule 1 is a part of this by—law. 2.The Lands shall be identified as a parcel,known as Parcels R5A—xxxx. 3.The purpose of this by—lawis to amend the provisions of By—lawNo.79-200,to permit the use of the Lands in a manner that would othen/vise be prohibited by this by-law.In the case of any conflict between a specific provision of this by—|aw and any existing provision of By—lawNo.79-200,the provisions of this by—laware to prevail. 4.Notwithstanding any provision of By—lawNo.79-200 to the contrary,the following uses and regulations shall be the permitted uses and regulations governing the permitted uses on and of the Lands. 5.The permitted uses shall be: (a)For Parcel R5A—xxxx,the uses permitted in the R5A zone. 6.The regulations governing the permitted uses of R5A—xxxx shall be: (a)Minimum lot area 185.7 square metres for each dwelling unit (b)Minimum front yard depth 2.57 metres to the existing building (c)Minimum interior side yard width 1.83 metres to the existing building from the north lot line (e)The balance of the regulations specified for a R5A use.7.All other applicable regulations set out in By—lawNo.79-200 shall continue toapplytogovernthepermittedusesontheLands,with all necessary changes indetail.Page 9 of 11Page 131 of 610 10. 11. 12. 12. No person shall use the Lands for a use that is not a permitted use. No person shall use the Lands in a manner that is contrary to the regulations. The holding (H)symbol that appears on Schedule 1 attached hereto is provided for in the City of Niagara Falls Official Plan pursuant to Section 36 of the Planning Act.No person shall use the Lands described in section 1 of this by-law and shown hatched and designated R5A -(H)and number xxxx on the plan Schedule 1 attached hereto for any purpose,prior to the H symbol being removed pursuant to the Planning Act.Prior to the H symbol being removed,the landowner or developer shall enter into a development agreement with the City of Niagara Falls,to advise purchasers and tenants of noise warning clauses to the satisfaction of the Niagara Region and the City of Niagara Falls. The provisions of this by-law shall be shown on Sheet D4 of Schedule “A”of By- law No.79-200 by redesignating the Lands from DTC to R5A—Hand numbered xxxx. Section 19 of By—lawNo.79-200 is amended by adding thereto: 19.1.xxxx Refer to By-law No.xxxx By-law No.85-155 is repealed and section 19.1.97 of By-law No.79-200 is deleted. Read a First,Second and Third time;passed,signed,and sealed in open Council this 12"‘day of September 2023. WILLIAMG.MATSON,CITY CLERK JAMES M.DIODATI,MAYOR S:\ZON|NG\AMS\2023\AM-2023-011 -Lewis Avenue 5504 (P|D#19862)\9 By-law\Draft -Bylaw -AM-2023-011.docxPage 10 of 11Page 132 of 610 77 NiagaraJ’.t;!.1:s.SCHEDULE 1 TO BY-LAW NO.2023-xxx Area Affected by this Amendment m Amending Zoning By-law No.79-200 Description:Plan 11 Part Lots 6-8 Applicant:1000110629 ONTARIO LTD(Jing Fang Wong)Assessment:272503000404000K'\i'§i‘Z Rpmir=cI<\7O7’{\<rhPr1|I|r=\7r\ninrI')?7'l anrvPage 11 of 11Page 133 of 610 Address: 5044 Lewis Avenue Applicant:Jingfang Wang Agent:Greg Taras Proposal: To request a site-specific Residential Apartment (R5A) zone to permit an apartment building with 7 dwelling units Zoning By-law Amendment Application AM-2023-011 Page 134 of 610 A GREAT CITY…FOR GENERATIONS TO COME Location Page 135 of 610 A GREAT CITY…FOR GENERATIONS TO COME Background •To rezone the property to a site specific R5A zone to allow for a 7-unit apartment building subject to a Holding Provision. •Official Plan:Land is designated Tourist Commercial (TC)and located and within the Clifton Hill Tourist District. •Zoning:The subject land is zoned Deferred Tourist Commercial (DTC)in accordance with Zoning By-law No.79- 200,as amended.Page 136 of 610 A GREAT CITY…FOR GENERATIONS TO COME Requested Zoning Relief Reduce minimum landscape area from 30 % to 14 %. The property has 0 % landscape. Reduce the minimum lot area from 200 sq. m to 185.7 sq. m/unit. Reduce minimum front yard depth from 7.5 m to 2.57 m to recognize existing the porch. Reduce minimum interior side yard width form 3.55 m to 1.83 m (recognize north lot line)Page 137 of 610 Open House –August 1 A GREAT CITY…FOR GENERATIONS TO COME •An open house meeting was held on August 1,2023.There were no comments received and no public attendance.Page 138 of 610 A GREAT CITY…FOR GENERATIONS TO COME Planning Analysis •The building will provide new housing options within the City of Niagara Falls located within the Clifton Hill Tourist District. •The proposal will intensify the residential use of the property and increase the density. •The property will continue to utilize existing municipal infrastructure.Page 139 of 610 A GREAT CITY…FOR GENERATIONS TO COME •That Council approve Zoning By-law amendment as modified and recommended in report PBD-2023-53 RecommendationRecommendation Page 140 of 610 1 The Niagara Falls Shadow Council A registered Independent Social Counseling organization "Holding Governments Accountable" Lady Justice Do not redact the contents of this document This document can be freely distributed Comments #09-12-2023-04 Tuesday September 12, 2023 Comments for the 09 12 2023 Council Meeting Agenda Item 7.1 PBD-2023-53 AM-2023-011 Zoning By-law Amendment Application 5504 Lewis Avenue Applicant: Jingfang Wang Agent: Greg Taras (Urban & Environmental Management Inc.) Council, [1] It is recommended to approve the Zoning By-law amendment to rezone the property, a site-specific Residential Apartment 5A Density (R5A) Zone to allow the conversion of an existing mixed-use building to an apartment dwelling containing 7 units, subject to the regulations outlined in the report. [2] That the amending Zoning By-law include a Holding (H) provision to require a Development Agreement be entered into between the applicant and the City containing noise warning clauses to the satisfaction of the City and the Niagara Region. [3] That the Mayor and Clerk be authorized to execute a Development Agreement to the Satisfaction of the City Solicitor. [4] That the City Solicitor be authorized to register the Development Agreement on title to 5504 Lewis Avenue in the Land Registry Office at Mr. Jingfang Wang's expense. [5] I want notice of the passing of the Official Plan and or Zoning By-law amendment and preserve the opportunity to appeal to the Ontario Land Tribunal and request full participation on all site plan matters. Page 141 of 610 2 Joedy Burdett President of the Niagara Falls Shadow Council Former 2022 Candidate for The Niagara Falls City Council election. Ontario Independent Designer (BCIN 38837) Building Services, Plumbing-All Buildings, Small Buildings Owner Niagara Tinting 4480 Bridge Street, Niagara Falls, Ontario, L2E 2R7 (905) 353 8468 Niagara Falls Shadow Council.ca (TNFSC.ca) The Niagara Falls Shadow Council is a registered Independent Social Counseling organization (BIN 1000515774). The Niagara Falls Shadow Council is not associated with The City of Niagara Falls. Altering or redacting this document will be viewed as a violation of Section 2(b) of The Canadian Charter of Rights. Page 142 of 610 MW-2023-27 Report Report to: Mayor and Council Date: September 12, 2023 Title: Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan Recommendation(s) 1. That City of Niagara Falls Council approves the Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan (Adaptation Plan); and further, 2. That City of Niagara Falls Council directs staff to proceed with the implementation plan initiatives as outlined in this report; and further, 3. That City of Niagara Falls Council direct staff seek funding support through applicable federal and provincial opportunities as they arise, including the Natural Resources Canada Climate Change Adaptation Program, to create a Climate Change Coordinator contract position to lead the implementation of the Adaptation Plan and climate change-related initiatives. Executive Summary This report, information document, and presentation provide a summary of and recommendations regarding the Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan (Adaptation Plan) that was developed through extensive community consultation. This plan outlines the climate-related changes expected to increasingly affect Niagara Falls. Included are actions aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and building climate resilience in local social, economic, built, and natural systems. Council is being requested to formally adopt the plan and to direct Staff to maintain momentum on the initiative by pursuing federal and/or provincial grants for the purposes of financial supports for a Climate Change Coordinator contract position. Background Climate change is a reality that our community is currently facing. Already, we are seeing how climate change impacts our local infrastructure, economy, and well-being. The City of Niagara Falls has taken a proactive approach to reducing the impacts of a changing climate and extreme weather on the community’s built, social, natural, and economic systems by guiding the development of a Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan (Adaptation Plan). The Adaptation Plan development process was guided by the Municipal Works Department and the Mayor and CAO’s Office, with support from ICLEI Canada - Local Governments for Sustainability. Over 20 stakeholders from the community and from City Page 1 of 140 Page 143 of 610 departments were engaged to collectively identify key vulnerabilities related to climate change impacts and actions to address them for our city. This working group of partners contributed to the Adaptation Plan development from February to August 2023. The Adaptation Plan development, along with its implementation actions will help Niagara Falls minimize the negative impacts of climate change by addressing local risks while seizing any local opportunities to increase resilience. This document will guide climate action in Niagara Falls, primarily related to climate change adaptation, but also setting the stage to undertake greenhouse gas mitigation action. Climate change adaptation is managing the unavoidable impacts that will occur as our climate continue s to change, and include resilience-building measures such as planning for floods, extreme heat, and storm damages. The Adaptation Plan also includes actions related to climate change mitigation that aim to reduce the greenhouse gases from the community. The primary mitigation action recommended is to undertake a greenhouse gas emissions inventory and set a net-zero target. Analysis By reviewing the climate change projections for Niagara Falls the working group identified numerous impacts to the community. The general trends experienced in Niagara Falls will include an increase in temperature, and more frequent and extreme precipitation events. The changes outlined below are projections for the period of 2051 - 2080, compared to the 1971-2000 baseline. A few key findings from the climate data projections, derived from Climatedata.ca include: • Precipitation events, such as freezing rain events for greater than 6 hours per day, will increase 30% by 2100 and will become more intense. • Heavy rainfall days are also projected to increase, with an increase in frequency and intensity. • Annual precipitation will increase and winter and spring will become significantly wetter. • Summer precipitation will remain similar, however, paired with increased temperatures, will result in drought conditions. • Mean temperatures will increase annually by 4.6 degrees Celsius and in every season • Temperature extremes will become more severe and extreme heat days (over 30 degrees Celsius) will increase by 49 days • The growing season (frost-free days) will extend by 42 days. Some of the prioritized climate change impacts, identified through a risk and vulnerability assessment by the working group, include: • Increased extreme weather events (e.g. freezing rain, high winds) resulting in: o damage to the urban forest and green spaces (e.g., trees, bushes, etc.) leading to a loss of ecosystem services and a decrease in biodiversity; Page 2 of 140 Page 144 of 610 o more frequent vehicle accidents and property damage leading to increased legal, financial, and insurance implications; o damage and disruption to critical infrastructure causing an increase in service needs (EMS, municipal operations, transportation); o downed powerlines, utility distribution issues, and increased costs to maintain power infrastructure. • Increased frequency and intensity of precipitation resulting in: o rapid increase in river water level leading to increased erosion of riverbanks and hillsides, loss of riparian habitat, and reducing water quality; o damaged vegetation, either from impact of precipitation, flooding, or inability for plants to access water that runs off in short periods of time (e.g., trees, vineyards, etc.); o occurrences overwhelming the sewage system resulting in stormwater system failures that cause damage to buildings and assets and negativel y affect the health of humans and ecosystems; o frequency of flooding resulting in damage to buildings, homes, ecosystems, and built infrastructure such as bridges and roadways. • Increased average summer temperatures and extreme heat days (greater than 30 degrees Celsius) resulting in: o increased demand for indoor facilities with air conditioning and shaded outdoor spaces, especially for vulnerable populations; o health and safety risks to vulnerable populations, outdoor workers, those who use active transportation for mobility, and outdoor recreational activities; o project delays, reduced productivity and increased need to redesign infrastructure to adhere to higher resiliency standards; o shifting ecozones resulting in additional stress to ecologically sensitive areas, migratory species, managed vegetation, and biodiversity loss. Adaptation Plan Implementation The Adaptation Plan will strategically integrate actions across City departments and throughout the community. The document has various broad goals under five overarching theme areas, including Infrastructure, Nature & Biodiversity, Economy & Workers, Health & Wellbeing, and Resilient Governance. The actions within the Adaptation Plan are not held solely by one department or organization but require all stakeholders to take action. The Adaptation Plan includes 41 actions that address the highest priority impacts to the community. The details regarding the implementation of each action have been drafted by the working group that developed the plan and will provide a flexible set of directions to prepare, plan and implement resilience-building measures over the next 5 years. Some sample actions from each of the theme areas within the plan include: • Infrastructure: Ensure infrastructure risk assessments include climate change considerations and are built or retrofitted accordingly and using best practices in Page 3 of 140 Page 145 of 610 the design, construction, and maintenance to minimize s ervice disruptions and increase resilience. • Nature & Biodiversity: Increase naturalization of buffer zones around waterways and wetlands, including storm water ponds. • Economy & Workers: Develop a business community climate best practices working group to develop and deliver business level risk assessments, emergency plans, and retrofit funding opportunities (heat pumps, HVAC, renewable retrofits, etc.). • Health & Wellbeing: Expand access to existing cooling and warming centres for use during other extreme weather events such as flooding and power outages and extend hours of operation. • Resilient Governance: Systematically incorporate climate consideration into the City's Official, Strategic, Asset Management and Financial Plans. The Adaptation Plan is aimed at building climate resilience in Niagara Falls’ social, economic, built, and natural systems and provide climate action guidance for the Niagara Falls community. Operational Implications and Risk Analysis The impacts of Climate Change to City services, programs and obligations, and to community partner responsibilities have been thoroughly examined and detailed through a risk and vulnerability assessment as outlined in the attached report. The results of this assessment will affect departmental workplans and budget impacts going forward. Nonetheless, the consequences of not exploring the impacts to a changing climate are expected to be much more significant and reactionary. Financial Implications/Budget Impact Budgetary impacts for operating and capital expenses were not identified in great detail through the development of this report. As departments pursue implementation actions as part of their respective workplans, corresponding budgetary allocations shall be expected. As an immediate next step it is recommended to pursue funding grants from the federal and/or provincial government as they become available. As of the date of this report an open funding program through Natural Resources for capacity building in relation to climate change adaptation. This program, with applications due by September 22, 2023, will fund projects at 60% funding for a minimum project entry budget of $150,000 that span between January 1, 2024 and December 31, 2026. Staff are recommending to apply for funding for the purposes of hiring a two-year contract for the position of Climate Change Coordinator. If successful, the corresponding 40% City share of funding will require budgetary approval. Strategic/Departmental Alignment The contents of this report align with the Environmental Sustainability strategic pillar. Moreover, the report and Climate Adaptation Plan is a guidance document that is intended to inform workplans for all of the City's departments and cooperating agencies. Page 4 of 140 Page 146 of 610 Contributor(s) Carey Campbell, Manager, Mayor and CAO's Office List of Attachments 09 12 2023 - Climate_Change_Adaptation_Plan_Word- final edits (002) Written by: Erik Nickel, General Manager of Municipal Works Submitted by: Status: Erik Nickel, General Manager of Municipal Works Approved - 06 Sep 2023 Jason Burgess, CAO Approved - 06 Sep 2023 Page 5 of 140 Page 147 of 610 City of Niagara Falls Draft: Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan Local Governments. for Sustainability Bmim3 Page 6 of 140Page 148 of 610 2 Table of Contents Land Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Message from the Mayor ........................................................................................................................................................ 10 Glossary of Terms ................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 14 THE NEED FOR BOTH ADAPTATION & MITIGATION .................................................................................................................. 14 RECENT EXTREME WEATHER IN NIAGARA FALLS .................................................................................................................... 15 POLICY DIRECTION ON ADAPTATION .................................................................................................................................... 16 International ................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Federal ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Provincial ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Regional ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Our Approach ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19 THE BARC METHODOLOGY & PROCESS .................................................................................................................................. 19 Collaborative Approach ................................................................................................................................................................ 20 Milestone One: Initiate.................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Page 7 of 140Page 149 of 610 3 Milestone Two: Research ................................................................................................................................................................ 20 Milestone Three: Plan .................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Milestone Four: Implement ............................................................................................................................................................ 21 Milestone Five: Monitor & Review ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Climate Science & Impacts ...................................................................................................................................................... 22 CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS FOR THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS ......................................................................................... 22 Temperature ................................................................................................................................................................................. 22 Precipitation ................................................................................................................................................................................. 23 Extreme Weather ........................................................................................................................................................................... 23 PRIORITY IMPACTS FOR THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS ............................................................................................................ 25 Temperature-Related Priority Impacts ............................................................................................................................................ 26 Precipitation-Related Priority Impacts ............................................................................................................................................. 27 Extreme Weather-Related Priority Impacts ...................................................................................................................................... 28 Vision ................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Themes, Goals & Actions ......................................................................................................................................................... 30 NATURE & BIODIVERSITY ..................................................................................................................................................... 31 Goal: To foster the resilience of Niagara Falls' natural landscape to ongoing changes in climate and enhance its value in providing both climate change adaptation and mitigation benefits .............................................................................................................. 31 Goal: To integrate the management of the urban forest, parks, open spaces and natural features into City plans, policies and procedures ................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 INFRASTRUCTURE ............................................................................................................................................................ 32 Page 8 of 140Page 150 of 610 4 Goal: To design, construct, and maintain physical infrastructure that is resilient to climate impacts while considering affordability, energy efficiency, natural assets, and reduction in greenhouse gasses ........................................................................................ 32 Goal: To manage land use that ensures that community assets and livelihoods are sustainable, counter urban-sprawl, optimize existing infrastructure, enhance neighbourhood connections and are resilient to the impacts of climate change ................................ 32 Goal: To ensure energy supply and infrastructure is sufficient, affordable, net-zero and resilient to weather-related disruptions ........ 33 HEALTH & WELLBEING ......................................................................................................................................................... 34 Goal: To build a resilient and sustainable local food system that promotes social justice and supports local production, storage, processing, sale and distribution of food ......................................................................................................................................... 34 Goal: To improve social connectedness of residents to their community and to organizations to minimize and better manage climate- related health and safety risks ........................................................................................................................................................ 34 Goal: To ensure all have access to cooling during heat events .......................................................................................................... 34 Goal: To improve outdoor and indoor air quality ............................................................................................................................. 35 ECONOMY & WORKERS ........................................................................................................................................................ 36 Goal: To support businesses to becoming resilient to the impacts of climate change through clear guidance and resources ............... 36 RESILIENT GOVERNANCE .................................................................................................................................................... 37 Goal: To integrate climate change adaptation into operational procedures as well as land-use, financial, and strategic planning ........ 37 Goal: To work with local, provincial and federal partners to prepare for, respond and recover effectively from sustained and/or multiple extreme events ................................................................................................................................................................. 37 Goal: To support the community through education on how to prepare for, respond to, and recover from extreme weather events .38 Goal: To identify project-specific and ongoing funding for climate projects that are in line with financial planning .............................. 38 OPPORTUNITIES ............................................................................................................................................................... 39 Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation ............................................................................................................................ 40 Page 9 of 140Page 151 of 610 5 IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................................................................................................... 40 Implementation Schedules ........................................................................................................................................................... 40 MONITORING ................................................................................................................................................................... 41 Indicators .................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 EVALUATION ................................................................................................................................................................... 42 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Call to Action ......................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Can you be an action supporter? ................................................................................................................................................... 44 Climate-Ready Actions .................................................................................................................................................................. 44 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Actions ............................................................................................................................................... 44 References .......................................................................................................................................................................... 45 Appendices ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46 Page 10 of 140Page 152 of 610 6 Land Acknowledgement We respectfully acknowledge the many land treaties that overlay the city of Niagara Falls and Niagara Region and we acknowledge and thank the Indigenous peoples who have been stewards of this land for a millennia before us. The work undertaken to develop and subsequently implement this Plan takes place on the traditional territory of the Haudenosaunee and the Anishinaabe peoples, many of whom continue to live and work here today. Page 11 of 140Page 153 of 610 Executive Summary Climate change is a reality that our community is currently facing. Already, we are seeing how climate change impacts our local infrastructure, economy, and well-being. The City of Niagara Falls (City) has taken a proactive approach to reducing the impacts of a changing climate and extreme weather on the community’s built, social, natural, and economic systems by guiding the development of this Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan (hereafter referred to as Adaptation Plan). The development of this Adaptation Plan, along with forthcoming implementation of its actions, will help the city minimize the negative impacts of climate change by addressing local risks while also seizing any local opportunities to increase resilience. The adaptation planning process has been supported by ICLEI Canada and a core City team out of the Municipal Works Department and Mayor and CAO’s Office. A Niagara Falls climate change working group was formed to provide input into the development of the community’s Adaptation Plan from February to August 2023 and consisted of a dedicated network of community members, organizations, City staff and stakeholders. The Adaptation Plan development process also included targeted engagement with the business community. The goals and actions in the Adaptation Plan have been developed to address the impacts of climate change that are the highest priority to the community. They are presented in this plan under 5 themes; Nature & Biodiversity, Infrastructure, Health & Wellbeing, Economy & Workers, and Resilient Governance. Climate change mitigation actions have been included within some of the goals and actions in order to build on the momentum of this adaptation work and drive action towards greenhouse gas reduction. The Adaptation Plan of Niagara Falls will be implemented over the next 5 years, at least, with annual reports to the City’s Senior Leadership Team and a report every second year to City Council. 7 Page 12 of 140Page 154 of 610 Acknowledgements PROJECT TEAM The Adaptation Plan was coordinated by a core team consisting of three dedicated staff from the Mayor, CAO and Business Development Offices and the department of Municipal Works. ICLEI Canada guided the Adaptation Plan’s development and is part of a global network of more than 2500 local and regional governments committed to sustainable urban development and whose not-for-profit work influences sustainability policy and drives local action for low-emission, nature-based, equitable, resilient and circular development. ADAPTATION WORKING GROUP The on-the-ground experience and insights provided by those who live and work in Niagara Falls have contributed to the development of robust and relevant goals and actions to address local climate change impacts. The City of Niagara Falls would like to thank all those who contributed to the development of the Adaptation Plan and acknowledge the following individuals for their dedication to climate adaptation. 8 Page 13 of 140Page 155 of 610 9 Business Development Michael Warchala CAO and Mayor's Office Carey Campbell (Project Core Team) Cemetery Services Mark Richardson City Council Mike Strange & Victor Pietrangelo Corporate Services Dan Ane Engineering Kent Schachowskoj Fire and Emergency Services Jo Zambito Fleet Operations Ken Williams Human Resources Jason MacLean Municipal Works Erik Nickel (Project Core Team), Adam Allcock (Project Core Team) & Dwayne Edwards Planning, Building and Development Francesca Berardi Recreation, Culture and Facilities Jeff Guarasci Roadways/Parks Marianne Tikky Transportation Services Mat Bilodeau ICLEI Canada Team Lead by Rena Viehbeck, with input from Ewa Jackson, Robert Wilson, and Pavils Hawkins First Nations representatives Brian Kon Homelessness Committee representative (Gateway) Matt Dierickse Mayor’s Youth Advisory Committee Maddox Libera Niagara Falls Tourism Joel Noden Niagara Health System Amir Gill Niagara Parks Commission Steve Barnhart Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority (NPCA) Leilani Lee-Yates, Robert Foster Niagara Peninsula Energy (NPEI) Sue Forcier, Ethan Fahey Niagara Region Beatrice Perna Niagara Region Planning and Development Department Susan McPetrie Niagara Region Police Shaun Parrent Niagara Region Public Health Donna Mills Environmental Action Committee John Anstruther, Frank Fohr City of Niagara Falls Community Organizations Page 14 of 140Page 156 of 610 Message from the Mayor CLIMATE AD STRATECiY. 2023 We know our efforts to create a di mate adaptation plan in the City of Niagara Falls are necessary nd we are excited to start to implement needed changes and to continue to be proactive as we're mindful of climate impacts. Through our process. we have collabomted with community partners, businesses and residen to come up with a strategy that we c n odapt in the years to come. We know thatfhere are oth short ferrn wins and things we can focus on in the long term to support a healthy, thriving and vital environment for residents and visitors to Niagara Falls for the decades ahead. . - (1 ',) _.,..• ...-J.7 � Jim Dlodati Page 15 of 140Page 157 of 610 11 Glossary of Terms ADAPTATION Includes any initiatives or actions in response to actual or projected climate change impacts and which reduce the effects of climate change on built, natural, and social systems. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY The ability of built, natural, and social systems to adjust to climate change (including climate variability and extremes), to moderate potential damages, to take advantage of opportunities, or to cope with the consequences. CLIMATE The weather of a place averaged over a period of time, often 30 years. Climate information includes the statistical weather information that tells us about the normal weather, as well as the range of weather extremes for a location. CLIMATE CHANGE Refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean stake of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (decades or longer). Climate change seen today is due to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use. CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO A climate change scenario is the difference between a future climate scenario and the current climate. It is a simplified representation of future climate based on comprehensive scientific analyses of the potential consequences of anthropogenic climate change. It is meant to be a plausible representation of the future emissions based on a coherent and consistent set of assumptions about driving forces (such as demographic and socioeconomic development, technological change, etc.) and their key relationships. Page 16 of 140Page 158 of 610 12 CLIMATE IMPACT The effects of existing or forecasted changes in climate on built, natural, and human systems. One can distinguish between potential impacts (impacts that may occur, given a projected change in climate, without considering adaptation) and residual impacts (impacts of climate change that would occur after adaptation). CLIMATE PROJECTIONS Climate projections are predictions of the response of the climate system to emissions or concentration scenarios of greenhouse gases. These projections depend upon the climate change (or emission) scenario used, which are based on assumptions concerning future socioeconomic and technological developments that may or may not be realized and are therefore subject to uncertainty. EXTREME WEATHER EVENT Extreme weather includes unusual, severe, or unseasonal weather; weather at the extremes of the historical distribution seen in the past. An extreme weather event would normally occur very rarely or fall into the tenth percentile of probability. IMPACT STATEMENT Statements that outline locally relevant projected threats and how those changes are expected to affect the built, natural, social, and economic systems of the municipality. INFRASTRUCTURE The fundamental facilities and systems serving the city of Niagara Falls and its citizens including both green and grey infrastructure, such as transportation systems, utilities, public facilities, and urban trees. GREENHOUSE GAS A gas in the atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, causing the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Page 17 of 140Page 159 of 610 13 Natural and human-made infrastructure that address urban and climatic challenges, while providing other co-benefits, by building with nature. Green infrastructure can include natural heritage features and systems, parklands, storm-water management systems, street trees, urban forests, natural channels, natural permeable surfaces, and green roofs. GREY INFRASTRUCTURE Human-made traditional infrastructure such as sewers and pipes. LOW CARBON RESILIENCE The coordination of adaptation and mitigation strategies to reduce both greenhouse gas emissions and climate change impact risk and vulnerability. MITIGATION The promotion of policy, regulatory, and project-based measures that contribute to stabilization or reduction of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Renewable energy programs, energy efficiency frameworks, and substitution of fossil fuels are examples of climate change mitigation measures. RESILIENCE The capacity of a system, community, or society exposed to hazards to adapt by resisting or changing in order to reach and maintain an acceptable level of functioning and structure. RISK The combination of the likelihood of an event occurring and its negative consequences. Risk can be expressed as a function where Risk = likelihood x consequence. In this case, likelihood refers to the probability of a projected impact occurring and consequence refers to the known or estimated outcomes of a particular climate change impact. WEATHER The day-to-day state of the atmosphere and its short-term variation in minutes to weeks. Page 18 of 140Page 160 of 610 14 Introduction THE NEED FOR BOTH ADAPTATION & MITIGATION The impacts of climate change have been recognized as crucial issues in Canada, Ontario, and for the city of Niagara Falls. It is widely recognized that the impacts of climate change affect the services and infrastructure of local governments, and thus require both adaptation strategies to increase municipal resilience. Climate change adaptation refers to any initiative or action that seeks to reduce the vulnerability of social, economic, built, and natural systems to a changing climate. Adaptation efforts may focus on changing individual behaviours, updating municipal by-laws and policies, enhancing the capacity of physical infrastructure, and improving ecological services. A community-based adaptation approach can further support local governments in building resilience while reducing vulnerability via meaningful engagement of communities and residents throughout the entire process of adaptation. The co-creation of an adaptation plan ensures the important involvement of a wide range of community stakeholders, allowing for the collaborative co-development of a plan that addresses climate risks across multiple sectors and systems. This process also recognizes and aims to shift the power dynamics amongst decision-makers and other actors within the participatory process. Climate change mitigation refers to the implementation of policy, regulatory, and project-based measures that contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. These could include building retrofits to conserve energy, transitioning to low- carbon energy sources, and reducing car-dependency. Mitigation efforts are ultimately essential in protecting against climate change impacts by addressing the source of Page 19 of 140Page 161 of 610 15 the impacts themselves, and thus working to avoid potentially unmanageable consequences. Taking action on climate change will require a diversity of responses. While mitigation efforts work to contain the long-term impacts of climate change, adaptation measures are needed to address the climate change impacts now and in the short-term future. Adaptation does not replace or undermine mitigation efforts, but rather compliments local government efforts to protect and improve their long-term sustainability. In some instances, local governments can implement low carbon resilience actions which integrate both mitigation and adaptation approaches to both reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the vulnerabilities to the impacts of climate change in order to realize the co- benefits of their activities. RECENT EXTREME WEATHER IN NIAGARA FALLS The development of this plan responds to the projected increase in intensity and frequency of extreme weather events in Niagara Falls. Niagara Falls is vulnerable to more frequent extreme heat events, more frequent heavy precipitation and associated flooding risks and damages, and more extreme weather events. These pose threats to the natural environment, built infrastructure, and human health and wellbeing. Recent events in Niagara Falls include an increase in the frequency and temperatures of heatwaves, such as those experienced in 2018, 2020, 2021, and 2022. Extreme rain and flood events have been experienced in the Niagara Region nearly every year in the last 10 years, and have resulted in basement flooding, sewer backups, flooded agricultural lands and have caused road closures, infrastructure damage, shoreline erosion, overwhelmed sewer and stormwater systems, park and beach closures, and power outages. Additionally, the Niagara Region experienced a severe blizzard with freezing rain, heavy snowfall, wind gusts over 105-124km/h, storm surges on Lake Erie, and -20°C temperatures. Across the US border, in December of 2022, the Buffalo Region received nearly four feet of snow, hurricane force winds, whiteout conditions, and thousands of calls to emergency services over the course of four days. As Niagara Falls has already begun experiencing climate change impacts, the community is committed to reducing vulnerabilities and improving our resiliency. Page 20 of 140Page 162 of 610 16 POLICY DIRECTION ON ADAPTATION International Climate change affects all nations and regions of the world, making international agreements and intentions to address climate change imperative. The 2015 Paris Agreement is an international treaty signed by 195 countries, including Canada, that aims to limit increases in global temperatures to below 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. Not only are clear targets set to achieve this, but the agreement also outlines the goal of enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience, and reducing vulnerabilities of global climate change by individual signatory nations. Fulfilling the Paris Agreement relies on the governments, organizations, and citizens of each nation to take place-based actions through initiatives such as mitigation and adaptation policies and plans. The United Nations International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s Assessment Reports (AR), including the most recent Sixth Assessment report (AR6), provide climate change scenarios and the underlying socioeconomic contexts which may present challenges to mitigation and adaptation policies. The Shared Socio-Economic Pathways (SSP)s incorporate socioeconomic characteristics and other human-caused climate drivers (e.g., population growth, education levels, GDP growth, income inequality, use of technology, energy use, political contexts, land-use change) to derive scenarios that describe differing influences on greenhouse gas emissions. The AR6 incorporates new data, new models, and updated climate research from around the world to allow for a standardized comparison of society’s choices and their resulting levels of climate change. The IPCC’s AR6 – 2022 Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability states that: “Human-induced climate change, including more frequent and intense extreme events, has caused widespread adverse impacts and related losses and damages to nature and people, beyond natural climate variability. Some development and adaptation efforts have reduced vulnerability. Across sectors and regions the most vulnerable people and systems are observed to be disproportionately affected. The rise in weather and climate extremes has led to some irreversible impacts as natural and human systems are pushed beyond their ability to adapt (high confidence).” Federal In addition to signing onto the Paris Agreement, the Government of Canada has produced several policy documents that inform and guide decision-makers on climate change adaptation. Most recently, Canada’s first National Adaptation Strategy was released in June 2023 and outlines a shared path to a more climate-resilient Canada. This document sets out five common directions for action, which include; disaster resilience, health and wellbeing, nature and biodiversity, infrastructure, and economy and Page 21 of 140Page 163 of 610 17 workers. This whole-of-society blueprint guides action in Canada to better adapt to and prepare for the impacts of climate change and addresses key climate risks in Canada. The National Adaptation Strategy complements other national strategies that build resilience and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including Canada’s 2030 Emission Reduction Plan, National Housing Strategy, Poverty Reduction Strategy, Canadian Wildland Fire Strategy, the Emergency Management Strategy for Canada, and others. The Strategy was developed over several years with the involvement of provincial, territorial, and municipal governments, Indigenous Peoples, and other key partners. The new National Adaptation Strategy will coordinate efforts and investments to ensure climate adaptation actions are taken across the country. Provincial The Government of Ontario’s A Made-in-Ontario Environment Plan addresses climate change through both mitigation and adaptation strategies. These strategies include emissions performance standards and regulations to reduce emissions from the transportation sector, programs to enhance and expand public transit networks, funding for extreme weather resistant infrastructure, a province-wide multi- sector provincial climate change impact assessment, and the Protecting People and Property: Ontario’s Flooding Strategy to reduce flood risk. Additionally, the Provincial Policy Statement has been updated to include direction for planning authorities to prepare for the impacts of a changing climate, climate change decision-making in land- use and development policy, and enhancements for storm water management policies for climate resilience. Regional In early 2023, the Niagara Region completed a corporate greenhouse gas emission inventory using 2018 data—the most recent year for which comprehensive energy and emissions data is available—to establish its baseline year. This inventory looked at energy consumption, energy expenditure and emissions generated and provided forecasting and trend analysis. This process was undertaking using the Partners for Climate Protection (PCP) program, which is a partnership between ICLEI Canada and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM). This first milestone of creating an inventory is the first of a five- milestone program. The Niagara Region is now also looking at undertaking an adaptation planning process for the region using the same Building Adaptive and Resilient Communities (BARC) framework as the City of Niagara Falls. Page 22 of 140Page 164 of 610 THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS The National Adaptation Strategy recognizes the important role of municipalities in implementing climate solutions on a local level throughout the country. While federal and provincial governments provide strategic focus, standards, and potential funding streams for adaptation, it is local governments who tailor climate change adaptation strategies to their local circumstances and to the unique set of climate change impacts they already experience and are projected to face in the future. It is widely recognized that the impacts of climate change affect the services and infrastructure of local governments and has the potential to affect all City departments. Thus, municipal governments have a unique interest and opportunity in planning to adapt to climate change and already possess many of the tools necessary to increase resilience, such as emergency response groups, standards, codes, and official plans. Ontario’s 2014 Provincial Policy Statement references climate change in a number of policies and mandates local planning authorities to support climate change adaptation through land use and development decisions. Through the development of this Adaptation Plan the City of Niagara Falls is upholding this local government responsibility to ensure optimal wellbeing for the entire community. 18 Page 23 of 140Page 165 of 610 Our Approach Municipalities of all sizes across Canada are employing planning processes to adapt to the realities of climate change. Adaptation plans must be relevant to local circumstances, resources, and capacity. The adaptation planning process has been supported by ICLEI Canada and a core City team out of the Municipal Works Department and Mayor and CAO’s Office. A Niagara Falls climate change working group was formed to provide input into the development of the community’s Adaptation Plan from February to August 2023 and consisted of a dedicated network of community members, organizations, City staff and stakeholders. The Adaptation Plan development process also included targeted engagement with the business community. THE BARC METHODOLOGY & PROCESS Development of the Adaptation Plan was guided by ICLEI Canada’s Building Adaptive and Resilience Communities (BARC) Framework. BARC is a five-milestone planning framework for communities aimed at preparing them for the impacts of climate change. BARC is a comprehensive planning methodology that guides users through areas of research and climate impact identification, vulnerability and risk assessment, plan development, implementation planning, and monitoring and review strategies. This Canadian-designed program is flexible in its ability to adjust to the needs and circumstances of each community with a goal to protect the people, property, and prosperity of a community. It uses a systems approach to municipal climate change adaptation and has been used by hundreds of municipalities throughout Canada. The development of this Adaptation Plan completed the first three of the milestones. 19 Page 24 of 140Page 166 of 610 Collaborative Approach BARC, is at its core is a collaborative process that derives information through a bottom-up process where the people participating are core to identifying what projected climate change actually will result in locally. Enhancing awareness and building capacity are cornerstones to the BARC approach to climate adaptation planning, bringing together key community stakeholders, municipal decision-makers, and cross-jurisdictional partners to co-develop Niagara Falls’ Adaptation Plan. The climate change impacts, goals, and actions presented in this plan have been centred on workshops and engagement activities that leveraged the expertise and local knowledge to ensure that the overall plan aligns with existing organizational priorities and can be integrated within departmental functions. These collaborative efforts have been instrumental to strengthen existing partnerships, to draw on community expertise, and to identify where additional engagement may be required to implement the adaptation actions identified. This strong collaborative approach builds climate action momentum and was followed to ensure: • Local knowledge and experience integration; • Involvement of decision-makers and City staff, and stakeholder engagement throughout the process; • Reflection of the practical needs and fiscal realities of the city; and • Integration of actions into existing plans and policies. Milestone One: Initiate Within this milestone, the project core team was created and worked to identify stakeholders to be involved in the working group. The project’s scope and stakeholder roles were clarified. The project core team also reviewed existing initiatives and knowledge related to climate change impacts. Milestone Two: Research The second milestone developed the community’s understanding of climate change impacts. A Climate Science Report (see the Appendix B) was developed that looked closely at the projected changes in the local climate including increases in temperature and temperature variability, changes in precipitation, and increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events. Armed with this data on projected climate threats the project working group identified a list of impacts across four broad systems; built infrastructure, natural environment, social, and economic. The impact long-list, which for Niagara Falls included 65 impacts and 12 potential opportunities, was then refined into concise impact statements that include the climate trend, the outcome, and the consequence. The refined 38 impacts statements were then prioritized using a vulnerability assessment followed by a risk assessment, which brought the number of impact statements first down to 26 and then finally to 19 high priority impacts to Niagara Falls. 20 Page 25 of 140Page 167 of 610 This research phase of the BARC process included two-in person workshops, one online survey, and several individual follow ups in order to identify and prioritize which impacts Niagara Falls is particularly susceptible to. Milestone Three: Plan The third milestone established a vision for the Adaptation Plan, set goals, identified actions, and examined current local initiatives to build upon. Numerous engagement opportunities were held in Niagara Falls during this milestone including; a goal and action setting workshop, a business breakfast, a City Senior Leadership team meeting and associated worksheet, and several individual follow ups. Implementation schedules were then drafted to include details including; monitoring metrics and baseline data, financing and budget, involvement and responsibilities of organizations/departments, and timeline. The implementation schedules were developed over one action validation and three focused implementation detail virtual workshops, as well as numerous individual follow up engagements. Throughout this milestone actions and their details were reviewed, refined and analyzed for their ability to build on existing initiatives and that address prioritized impacts by the project team. The drafting and development of this Adaptation Plan completes this milestone. Milestone Four: Implement In the fourth milestone, communities work to ensure that they have the approval and support of council, municipal staff, and the community in order to move forward on implementation. Communities will also make sure they have the appropriate implementation tools to ensure the ongoing success of the Plan. Milestone Five: Monitor & Review The fifth and final milestone serves to assess whether the goals and actions of the Plan have been achieved, and serves to identify any problems that have been encountered and develop solutions. Additionally, the fifth milestone helps communities communicate their progress to City Council and the broader community. 21 Page 26 of 140Page 168 of 610 22 Climate Science & Impacts It has long been identified by scientific evidence that the global climate is changing at rates quicker than ever before. Human activity is the cause of rising concentrations of heat- trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which align with long term, exponential trends of increases in global average temperatures since the 1800s. This kind of rapid warming leads to many other effects as warmer air contains more moisture than cooler air, which provides “fuel” for extreme events. All areas of the world have already been or will be affected by climate change, including Canada. In fact, Canada’s rate of warming over the last seven decades has been almost double that of global averages over the same period. Canada’s average annual over land surface air temperatures have warmed by 1.7℃ since 1948. Canada has also experienced increases in average annual precipitation by 16% from 1950-2010, and more so since then. These changes and others will lead to more and longer heat waves, torrential rainstorms, windstorms, drought, and extreme wildfires. Although these changes and their impacts are felt to varying degrees across the country, Ontario and the Niagara Falls area are already experiencing many of these impacts. CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS FOR THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS Information throughout this section is derived from the Niagara Falls Climate Science Report (Appendix B), which used data from Climatedata.ca. Temperature Temperatures in the Niagara Falls region are expected to rise, aligning with the Ontario projection of a 4.8℃ average temperature increase by the end of the century1. More specifically, Niagara Falls is expected to experience an average temperature increase of 2.4℃ in the immediate future and as much as a 4.6℃ increase by 20802. This coincides with average summer temperatures rising to 30.3℃ in the near future (2051-2080). This prediction does not include warming due to the humidex, which can make temperatures feel an additional 5-10℃ warmer3. Overall, the number of extreme heat days in summers (when the maximum temperature is 30℃ or greater) are expected to increase in Niagara Falls from 11 to 60 days in the 2051-2080 period – a six-fold increase by 20804. Days reaching or exceeding 30℃ pose threats to community Page 27 of 140Page 169 of 610 23 health from heat-related illnesses. This includes heat cramps, heat edema, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. Heat-related illnesses can manifest quickly and can lead to long-term health problems and even death. Additionally, specific groups, such as outdoor workers, infants and youth, adults above the age of 65, those with chronic medical conditions, people experiencing homelessness, people participating in outdoor sports or activities, and those with limited mobility may be more adversely affected by extreme heat5. The increase in average temperatures includes warmer winters and less extreme cold days. This has implications for life in Niagara Falls as extreme cold temperatures affect health and safety, determine what plants and animals live in the area, limit or enable outdoor activities, dictate building and vehicle design, and shape transportation and energy use. Frost days (when the minimum temperature is below 0℃) and ice days (when the maximum temperature is below 0℃) are both expected to decrease. Among other impacts, this may affect the survival and spread of ticks and Lyme disease, as ticks can thrive in temperatures above 4℃ and delays in cold weather can extend the duration of their activity6. Less extreme cold temperatures also implies that there is a decrease in freeze-thaw cycle days (when the minimum temperature is below 0℃ and the maximum temperature is above 0℃ on the same day). On these days, water on the surface can transition between water and ice. Freezing, melting, and refreezing can greatly damage roadways, sidewalks, and other outdoor infrastructure. Therefore, a decrease in these conditions can reduce instances of potholes or other such damages. Precipitation Overall, precipitation across Canada has increased by approximately 20% over the past 50 years7. The intensity of this change is felt to varying degrees across the country, with Ontario experiencing less dramatic changes in precipitation patterns compared to other regions such as Northern Canada. Accordingly, by the end of the century Niagara Falls is expected to experience greater precipitation accumulations seasonally, with the most intense increases during spring and winter. Combined with relatively steady summer rainfall and projected increases in summer temperatures and longer heatwaves, increased instances of summer drought are expected. As with all climate impacts, the severity of these projections depends on the amount of future greenhouse gas emissions. In a high emissions scenario, from the baseline average annual precipitation of 840 mm, Niagara Falls can expect to experience an average annual precipitation increase of 84 mm from 2021-2050 and 123 mm from 2051-20808. This is contrasted by a less noticeable 25 mm increase from 2021-2050 and 42 mm from 2051-2080 in a low emissions scenario9. Extreme Weather Canada’s most frequent or intense extreme weather events on record have been experienced in the last 50-60 years. This includes extreme heat days, precipitation events and Page 28 of 140Page 170 of 610 flooding, wind storms, wildfires, and ice storms. In the last 40 years, extreme weather events have resulted in $31 billion of damages in Canada and $5 trillion globally10. These economic burdens are certain to continue to increase, should the expected intensification of extreme weather events materialize. It will be necessary for more resources to be allocated to addressing damage to infrastructure and critical services, economic and industry productivity, and the health of vulnerable populations11. Heavy and extreme rain events are the most pronounced weather changes in Niagara Falls and are expected to become increasingly intense and frequent12. As Southern Ontario is the most intensely urbanized area in the province, the costs of insured and uninsured damages associated with flooding is significantly higher than elsewhere in Ontario13. In the Niagara region, extreme rain and flood events have already been increasing over the last 10 years. Heavy precipitation days (when at least 10 mm of rain or frozen precipitation falls) are expected to continue to increase, reaching an average of 30 days annually from 2051-208014. These increases in extreme precipitation events coincide with changes in freezing rain patterns and occurrences. A study by the Meteorological Service of Canada and the Science and Technology branch of Environment and Climate Change Canada finds an increase in the percentage of freezing rain mostly during January in this region, and secondarily during December and February15. Overall, severe freezing events (when there is freezing rain for longer than 6 hours per day) are projected to increase 30% by 210016. 24 Page 29 of 140Page 171 of 610 Overview of climate change projections for the city of Niagara Falls Temperature Mean temperatures will increase annually and in every season, and temperature extremes will become more severe. Precipitation Annual precipitation will increase and winter and spring will become significantly wetter. Summer precipitation will remain similar, however, paired with increased temperatures, will result in drought conditions. Extreme Weather Precipitation events, such as freezing rain events for > 6 hrs/day, will increase 30% by 2100 and will become more intense. Heavy rainfall days are also projected to increase. + 4.6°C Annual Mean Temperature +49 Extreme Hot Days + 4.4°c Summer Mean Temperature +96mm Annual Mean Precipitation +4 Heavy Rainfall Days +44mm Winter Mean Precipitation + Frequency Faster Falling Precipitation + Intensity More Intense Short Storms Short Du ration Quicker Return of Storms Page 30 of 140Page 172 of 610 PRIORITY IMPACTS FOR THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS The City of Niagara Falls is committed to advancing climate change adaptation planning to reduce vulnerabilities, minimize threats to our environment, lifestyle, economy, governance, and overall quality of life, and holistically improve resilience. Given the aforementioned climate change projections, priority impacts for Niagara Falls have been identified by assessing risks associated with Temperature-Related Priority Impacts temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather changes. 65 potential climate change impacts were identified by the project working group. Through a refinement process, a vulnerability assessment and a risk assessment a final list of 19 impacts received a risk score of medium-low or higher. Of these impacts, seven are related to temperature, seven to precipitation, and five to extreme weather. TEMP1 Increase in annual temperature and shifting ecozones resulting in additional stress to ecologically sensitive areas, migratory species, managed vegetation, and biodiversity loss. TEMP2 Increased average summer temperatures and extreme heat days (>30 C) resulting in increased demand for indoor facilities with air conditioning (hospitals, libraries, etc.) shaded outdoor spaces especially for vulnerable populations. TEMP3 Increased frequency and duration of hot days (>30 C), leading to health and safety risks (e.g. domestic violence/violent altercations, cardiovascular disorders, heat stress, food-borne/water-borne illnesses, etc.) to vulnerable populations (e.g. seniors, women, children, those with chronic health conditions, temporary foreign workers, those without AC, etc.). TEMP4 Increased frequency and duration of hot days (>30 C), resulting in project delays, reduced productivity (e.g. from heat stress to workers) and increased need to redesign infrastructure to adhere to higher resilience standards (i.e. more research, staff capacity, cost, etc.). TEMP5 Increased frequency and duration of hot days (>30 C), causing reduced air quality leading to health and safety risks especially for vulnerable populations (e.g. seniors, women, children, those with chronic health conditions, temporary foreign workers, etc.). 26 Page 31 of 140Page 173 of 610 27 TEMP6 Increase in hot days over 30 °C leading to heat stress on outdoor workers (e.g. City staff, agriculture and construction workers, etc.), those who use active transportation for mobility, and outdoor recreational activities (e.g. watersports, hikers, etc.) TEMP7 Increased frequency and duration of hot days (>30 C), and no change in precipitation, resulting in deterioration of and increased maintenance requirements for roads, culverts, water mains, sidewalks, trails, parking lots, and public spaces (arenas, pools, etc.). Precipitation-Related Priority Impacts PRECIP1 Increase in freezing rain occurrences requiring more salt use on roads, resulting in an increase in the amount of salt in water systems, soil, and stormwater ponds, and negatively affecting ecosystems. PRECIP2 Increased frequency and intensity of precipitation and rapid increase in river water level resulting in increased erosion of riverbanks and hillsides, loss of riparian habitat and reducing water quality. PRECIP3 Increase in water and air temperatures resulting in increased evaporation of wetlands and no change in precipitation amount negatively affecting wetland species. PRECIP4 Increase in intensity of precipitation resulting in damaged vegetation, either from impact of precipitation, flooding, or inability for plants to access water that runs off in a short period of time (e.g., trees, vineyards, etc.) PRECIP5 Increase in flash flooding occurrences overwhelming the sewage system resulting in stormwater system failures that cause damage to buildings and assets and negatively affect the health of humans and ecosystems. PRECIP6 Increased spring, fall, winter precipitation leading to increased frequency of flooding resulting in damage to buildings, homes, ecosystems and built infrastructure such as bridges and roadways. PRECIP7 Hotter summers and no change in precipitation amount resulting in damaged or dead vegetation, including trees, reducing their benefits and increasing maintenance and replacement costs. Page 32 of 140Page 174 of 610 28 Extreme Weather-Related Priority Impacts EXT1 Increased extreme weather events resulting in damage to urban forest and green spaces (e.g., trees, bushes, etc.) resulting in a loss of ecosystem services and a decrease in biodiversity. EXT2 Increased frequency/intensity of extreme weather events resulting in more frequent vehicle accidents and property damage leading to increased legal, financial, and insurance implications. EXT3 Increased extreme weather resulting in damage and disruption to critical infrastructure causing an increase in service needs (EMS, municipal operations, transportation). EXT4 Increased extreme weather events resulting in tree damage leading to downed power lines, utility distribution issues, and increased costs to maintain power infrastructure. EXT5 Increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, including freezing rain, resulting in unsafe road conditions leading to difficulty enacting emergency protocols and increased maintenance, fleet scheduling challenges, labour costs, etc. Page 33 of 140Page 175 of 610 29 Vision Niagara Falls will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and be a resilient, climate- ready city working proactively to promote sustainable practices, preserve and enhance our natural beauty and assets, and take continued action to support residents and visitors to adapt to climate change. The intent of this Adaptation Plan is to provide strategic direction to the City and community of Niagara Falls in order to achieve the vision and become a climate- ready city. Page 34 of 140Page 176 of 610 Themes, Goals & Actions The following section presents themed-groupings of the goals and actions identified to address each of the prioritized climate impacts in Niagara Falls. The goals and supporting actions in this Adaptation Plan are the fundamental pieces of the path forward for Niagara Falls to move closer to our vision of a climate resilient and low carbon community. The five themes are interconnected and are one way to relate the goals and actions into our community’s vision. The themes, in most cases, mirror the five themes in Canada’s National Adaptation Strategy and are; Nature & Biodiversity, Infrastructure, Health & Wellbeing, Economy & Workers and Resilient Governance. The goals break down the broad Adaptation Plan vision into more theme-specific outcomes we want to achieve in Niagara Falls. The 41 actions include those that will build a climate-ready Niagara Falls and address the 19 prioritized climate change impacts. Many of the actions build upon current initiatives within the city, including those that are perhaps not labelled as ‘climate action’. A focus on the Adaptation Plan is to align current resources to increase the resilience of the community and strengthen policies, develop new programs or practices where gaps exist, work collaboratively amongst partners, and undertake the steps necessary to integrate climate action as a core function of the community. Those actions that will also address low- carbon and mitigation goals are indicated with a climate mitigation icon. Action implementation details and considerations, including supporting actions are included in the Adaptation Plan’s appendices under the Implementation Schedules. 30 Page 35 of 140Page 177 of 610 31 NATURE & BIODIVERSITY Goal: To foster the resilience of Niagara Falls' natural landscape to ongoing changes in climate and enhance its value in providing both climate change adaptation and mitigation benefits Action 1 Integrate and align regional management of the urban forest, parks, open spaces and natural features with City plans, policies and procedures. Action 2 Complete the development of the City’s Urban Forest Strategy and implement its recommendations. Action 3 Enhance partnerships and engage the community to protect, plant and maintain plants, especially those that are native and climate resilient, including through academic research, educational events, tree programs, planting initiatives and through media. Goal: To integrate the management of the urban forest, parks, open spaces and natural features into City plans, policies and procedures Action 4 Enhance naturalization of buffer zones around waterways and wetlands, including stormwater ponds. Action 5 Identify opportunities to expand natural assets and low-impact development as alternatives to traditional grey infrastructure. Action 6 Identify opportunities to better protect existing natural assets such as tree canopy, green spaces, wetlands, rivers, and floodplains as part of a stormwater management plan. Action 7 Continue to update IDF curves with most up to date modelling and update/build infrastructure in accordance with the latest data. Action 8 Work in partnership to ensure that Niagara Falls’ watersheds are protected and enhanced in the face of climate threats and address emerging water issues. Page 36 of 140Page 178 of 610 INFRASTRUCTURE Goal: To design, construct, and maintain physical infrastructure that is resilient to climate impacts while considering affordability, energy efficiency, natural assets, and reduction in greenhouse gasses Action 9 Ensure infrastructure risk assessments include climate change considerations and buildings are built or retrofitted accordingly, using best practices in the design, construction, and maintenance to minimize service disruptions and increase resilience. Action 10 Improve the resilience and sustainability of transportation infrastructure. Action 11 Identify opportunities and resources to include carbon reductions and climate resilience in buildings when new builds and retrofits or renovations are planned, including updates to building envelope, flood reduction measures, and site level energy generation. Goal: To manage land use that ensures that community assets and livelihoods are sustainable, counter urban-sprawl, optimize existing infrastructure, enhance neighbourhood connections and are resilient to the impacts of climate change Action 12 Develop 'Green Design Guidelines' and update Engineering Design Standards for new developments and retrofits that include low-impact development and green infrastructure to manage heat and flooding. Action 13 Review zoning by-laws to encourage densification that will provide net energy and land savings and conserve or enhance ecological functions. Action 14 Update parking lot bylaws to reduce parking requirements and require a minimum amount of permeable surface and green infrastructure and trees in order to provide on-site stormwater management and shade, and promote alternative transportation. 32 Page 37 of 140Page 179 of 610 33 Action 17 Identify at-risk energy and communication infrastructure and opportunities to increase resilience to power outages as a result of increased demand or extreme weather. Action 18 Undertake a greenhouse gas inventory and undertake actions to reduce GHG emissions from corporate and community energy sources, working off of the Region’s recently completed corporate GHG inventory. Action 19 Monitor peak energy consumption to better understand how strategies to mitigate brown and blackouts can be implemented. Action 15 Identify and preserve land for future green spaces through the Official Plan and By-laws. Action 16 Integrate natural assets into the City’s asset management plans. Goal: To ensure energy supply and infrastructure is sufficient, affordable, net-zero and resilient to weather-related disruptions Page 38 of 140Page 180 of 610 34 HEALTH & WELLBEING Goal: To build a resilient and sustainable local food system that promotes social justice and supports local production, storage, processing, sale and distribution of food Action 19 Monitor peak energy consumption to better understand how strategies to mitigate brown and blackouts can be implemented. Goal: To improve social connectedness of residents to their community and to organizations to minimize and better manage climate-related health and safety risks Action 21 Improve community connection opportunities in collaboration with local organizations so that members are supported and more resilient during extreme weather events. Goal: To ensure all have access to cooling during heat events Action 22 Establish maximum-temperature by-law and air-quality standards for rental and multi-unit properties. Action 23 Expand access to existing cooling and warming centres for use during other extreme weather events such as flooding and power outages and extend hours of operation. Action 24 Work with businesses and organizations to identify and promote cooling spaces for tourists. Action 25 Identify opportunities to retrofit existing City corporate buildings and assets with air conditioning and air filters to combat extreme heat and air quality impacts. Action 26 Develop specific strategies and resources to support those in need of housing, medical and social support services during extreme weather. Action 27 Work with local school boards to enhance the cooling abilities of all schools. Page 39 of 140Page 181 of 610 35 Action 28 Review and update policies, procedures, and training to ensure Niagara Falls staff and emergency responders are safe during extreme weather conditions. Goal: To improve outdoor and indoor air quality Action 29 Identify and promote the use of technology to improve indoor air quality in homes and businesses, and the value of trees to improve outdoor air quality (during heat and wildfire smoke events). Page 40 of 140Page 182 of 610 36 ECONOMY & WORKERS Goal: To support businesses to becoming resilient to the impacts of climate change through clear guidance and resources Action 30 Communicate business-specific strategies to build resilience to extreme weather events. Action 31 Develop a business community climate best practices working group to develop and deliver business level risk assessments, emergency plans, and retrofit funding opportunities (heat pumps, renewable retrofits, building envelope enhancements, etc.). Action 32 Expand upon federal/provincial guidelines for safe working conditions for workers exposed to extreme weather using best practices. Page 41 of 140Page 183 of 610 37 RESILIENT GOVERNANCE Goal: To integrate climate change adaptation into operational procedures as well as land-use, financial, and strategic planning Action 33 Systematically incorporate climate consideration into the City's Official, Strategic, Asset Management and Financial Plans. Action 34 Develop a coordinating structure to implement and report on the plan. Goal: To work with local, provincial and federal partners to prepare for, respond and recover effectively from sustained and/or multiple extreme events Action 35 Create a climate working group with federal, provincial, regional, and indigenous governments, as well as businesses and community networks to improve the ability of Niagara Falls to prepare for, respond to, and recover from extreme weather events. Action 36 Update emergency response plan to include expected climate hazards (such as extreme heat, flooding and storms). Action 37 Continue to promote emergency preparedness week and 72-hour emergency kits. Action 38 Work with Niagara Region, Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority, Niagara Region Public Health, and municipalities within the Region to better understand roles and responsibilities, fill gaps in data collection, and expand sharing agreements in order to improve response to extreme weather events and increase efficiency of service delivery. Page 42 of 140Page 184 of 610 38 Action 39 Develop a climate adaptation and mitigation communications strategy that focuses on actions one can take. Action 40 Identify financing opportunities to support climate resilience and mitigation efforts. Action 41 Increase budgets to strengthen tree and natural infrastructure protection, planting and maintenance Action 41 Integrate and align regional management of the urban forest, parks, open spaces and natural features with City plans, policies and procedures. Goal: To support the community through education on how to prepare for, respond to, and recover from extreme weather events Goal: To identify project-specific and ongoing funding for climate projects that are in line with financial planning Page 43 of 140Page 185 of 610 39 OPPORTUNITIES Adaptation planning can increase benefits and reduce risks associated with climate change impacts. Through proactive action, Niagara Falls can achieve its climate adaptation goals and simultaneously realize a host of community benefits including economic development, community health and wellness, and the continued development of a sustainable and liveable city over decades to come. Climate adaptation is an opportunity to drive sustainable development by combining synergies between different levels of governments, private partners, and local residents. Key findings from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Reports predict that climate change impacts will have significant effects on migration flow and patterns of investment. If Niagara Falls can show that it is climate-ready, it can capitalize on the opportunity to attract businesses, people, and investments. With the development of this plan the City will also become well-positioned to access potential sources of funding from the federal and provincial governments in the future. Additionally, a few potential opportunities were identified by the project working group that could arise from the projected climate changes in Niagara Falls: • Increase in annual temperatures creating a longer growing season resulting in opportunities to grow different crops and extend the growing season. • Increase in winter temperatures resulting in a change in species range and opportunity to plant an increasing diversity of species. • Increase in annual temperatures resulting in an extended fair weather tourism season and increasing revenue for businesses. • Increase in precipitation resulting in greater hydro- energy generation opportunities. • Increased average summer temperatures and extreme heat days (>30 C), resulting in an increase for services that cool people down such as ice cream, splash pads and falls misting opportunities. • Increasing annual temperatures resulting in reduced snowpack and less spring flooding (freshet events). • Increased annual temperatures resulting in less snow removal needs and salt usage, reducing associated costs. • Increase in annual temperature resulting in longer outdoor sport seasons (e.g. golf, baseball, tennis, soccer, etc.) Page 44 of 140Page 186 of 610 40 Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation IMPLEMENTATION Niagara Falls is well-positioned to adapt to the challenges of climate change. With strong leadership, collaboration, and dedicated resources, Niagara Falls can become a climate- ready city. This Adaptation Plan, including the Implementation Schedules, provides the roadmap to make this happen. The Adaptation Plan is a long-term initiative that will require participation and engagement across City departments and community stakeholders in order to successfully achieve the vision. The Adaptation Plan is intended to be a living document that will be further refined as the City moves forward into the implementation phase of Milestone Four of the BARC process. Details and prioritization of the actions may change to reflect the existing procedures, decision-making processes, evaluation, annual review, and external factors. Best practices, internal structures, and collaboration will inform successful implementation of the actions that are presented in the Adaptation Plan. Implementation Schedules Preliminary implementation schedules have been developed that outline the necessary steps and considerations to execute our adaptation actions. The schedules were developed through consultation with City staff and various external stakeholders, and is subject to staff availability and budgetary considerations. Notably, actions aimed at high- risk impacts could require more resources, meaning that higher priority doesn't always translate to immediate implementation. The implementation schedules do not delve into the specifics of how each initiative will be carried out. In some cases, further studies and detailed program design will be necessary. Moreover, it is important to note that the schedules are not rigid. They are part of a dynamic, living document that will evolve in response to new data, newly identified adaptation priorities, and new funding opportunities. The implementation schedule scan be found in Appendix A and includes the following for each action. • Supporting Actions: Actions to help support the implementation of the action, that are already underway, or that are smaller steps to achieve a larger action. • Immediate Next Steps: Immediate, specific next step(s) that would need to happen to begin implementation. Page 45 of 140Page 187 of 610 41 • Involved Organization(s) and or City Department(s) – The department(s)/organization(s) needed to implement the action. Leads (L) are indicated where possible to indicate a convener or undertaker of the action. • Time Scale: When implementation would begin in the context of Quick-Win (QW) (<1 year), Short-Term (ST) (1-3 years), and Long-Term (LT) (4-5 years). • Monitoring Metric and Baseline: Metric to monitor the action and evaluate progress. These indicators will likely focus on processes that measure progress MONITORING Monitoring and review are an essential part of the adaptation planning process. To ensure the effectiveness of our Adaptation Plan, it is important that we keep a close eye on our progress and build in opportunities to examine the lessons learned and recalibrate actions, as well as integrate emerging knowledge into our strategies. Through this process of continuous learning and adjustment, we ensure our strategies stay effective and relevant, even as climate conditions evolve. Keeping track of our progress not only lets us see if our strategies are working as intended, but it also gives us the chance to share and celebrate in our achievements as we collectively navigate our way towards a more resilient future. towards the achievement of an outcome (e.g. policies created, funding secured) as opposed to outcome indicators which demonstrate that an objective has been achieved. Prioritize indicators/measures that are already being collected where relevant. • Priority Impact Addressed: Identification of the prioritized impact(s) that this action addresses including TEMP (refers to impacts that are primarily temperature related), RECIP (refers to impacts that are primarily precipitation related), and EXT (refers to impacts that are primarily extreme weather related). Indicators This Plan uses two types of indicators: process-based and outcome-based. Process-based indicators help measure progress towards our specific targets, tasks or activities. On the other hand, outcome-based indicators help measure whether the expected changes and benefits of our actions are being achieved. While the Adaptation Plan uses many process-based indicators, outcome-based indicators will be utilized where applicable. This is especially the case when there can be alignment with indicators that the City or community is already tracking. Page 46 of 140Page 188 of 610 42 EVALUATION A five-year Adaptation Plan has been recommended to guide future implementation, monitoring and evaluation activities. This five-year formal review will culminate in a review of the Adaptation Plan’s impacts, goals and actions. This process would involve using the first three milestones of the BARC process again in order to complete project working group engagement, a formal science review, impact identification, vulnerability and risk assessments, and a review of goals and actions. During those five-years of implementation an annual report on progress, challenges and prioritized next steps will be brought forward to the City’s Senior Leadership Team and the Project Working Group members. A more formal report to the community and City Council will take place with every second year’s report. Progress will be reported on from a consistent baseline year of 2023. Reporting will be undertaken by the project’s core team until such time as a designated climate change staff person is assigned. Action monitoring considerations, identified in each Action Implementation Schedule will be used to help communicate progress trends. Prioritization of actions is expected to change from year to year based on existing decision-making processes, evaluation, annual review, budget, and external factors. Page 47 of 140Page 189 of 610 43 Conclusion The city of Niagara Falls has made significant strides in adaptation through the development of the Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan. Maintaining the momentum that has been developed through the co- development of the Adaptation Plan will be essential and will require committing to the implementation of its actions through the allocation of resources, governance, and monitoring. As we continue to anticipate changes to federal and provincial policies and funding opportunities, understand the continued lived experience of the impacts of climate change, and see advancements in technology over the Adaptation Plan's five-year duration, it will be necessary for the plan to be regularly monitored, modified, and reviewed. This flexibility will enable Niagara Falls to adapt and seize new opportunities that may emerge, without being limited to predetermined guidelines. This Adaptation Plan sets forth a clear path to achieve the vision it set of reducing Niagara Falls’ greenhouse gas emissions and being a resilient, climate-ready. Page 48 of 140Page 190 of 610 44 Call to Action Can you be an action supporter? Not only can you look for ways to work with community organizations to implement actions in this plan, you can also implement resilience building actions at home, work or in your neighbourhood. • Champion the action • Provide needed data or reports • Create a resource • Host a meeting or an event • Seek funding • Research or gather information • Recruit volunteers and be a volunteer • Provide resources • Distribute information • Attend a meeting or event • Promote Climate-Ready Actions Prepare before and stay safe during and after an extreme weather event. • Work with the Conservation Authority to identify whether your property is vulnerable to flooding and what you can do to protect it • Have an emergency plan and discuss your plan with employees/family/friends to prepare everyone • Have 72-hour emergency information and kits ready • Understand your flood insurance coverage and have a detailed and up-to-date inventory of your assets • Prepare for heat with building and property upgrades where applicable • Install a rain garden and increase natural vegetation • Have backup transportation routes and options • Monitor and make plans for poor air quality • Have a backup power generation plan • Locate nearby cooling/heating centres • Make a list of resources and service providers accessible to you in case of emergency need for housing, social, or medical services Greenhouse Gas Reduction Actions Reduce your impact on the climate. • Install a programmable thermostat • Fix More, Less Trash & Refuse and Reuse • Increase active and public transportation use. Reduce car and plane travel. • Eat more leftovers and less meat • Swap out natural gas appliances for electric • Upgrade to 100% renewables Page 49 of 140Page 191 of 610 References 1 Bush, E., & Lemmen, D. S. (Eds.). (2019). Canada’s Changing Climate Report. Government of Canada. http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2019/eccc/En4-368-2019-eng.pdf 2 From Niagara Falls Climate Science Report, page 11, climatedata.ca 3 From Niagara Falls Climate Science Report, page 14, climatedata.ca 4 From Niagara Falls Climate Science Report, page 15, climatedata.ca 5 Health Canada. (2011). Adapting to Extreme Heat Events: Guidelines for Assessing Health Vulnerability. Ottawa, ON. Retrieved from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/climat/adapt/index-eng.php 6 Alberta Health. (2019). Lyme disease tick surveillance. Retrieved from https://www.alberta.ca/lyme-disease-tick- surveillance.aspx 7 Natural Resources Canada. (2019) Canada in a Changing Climate. https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/energy/Climate-change/pdf/CCCR_FULLREPORT-EN-FINAL.pdf Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON. p.156. 8 From Niagara Falls Climate Science Report, page 20, climatedata.ca 9 From Niagara Falls climate science report, table on page 20, climatedata.ca 10 Feltmate, B. and M. Moudrak. 2021. Climate Change and the Preparedness of 16 Major Canadian Cities to Limit Flood Risk. Intact Centre on Climate Adaptation, University of Waterloo 11 Ibid 12 Chiotti, Q. and Lavender, B. (2008): Ontario; in From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate, 2007, edited by D.S. Lemmen, F.J. Warren, J. Lacroix and E. Bush; Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, p. 227-274. 13 Feltmate, B. and M. Moudrak. 2021. Climate Change and the Preparedness of 16 Major Canadian Cities to Limit Flood Risk. Intact Centre on Climate Adaptation, University of Waterloo 14 Niagara Falls Climate Science Report, page 22, climatedata.ca 15 Chad Shouquan Cheng , Guilong Li & Heather Auld (2011) Possible Impacts of Climate Change on Freezing Rain Using Downscaled Future Climate Scenarios: Updated for Eastern Canada, Atmosphere-Ocean, 49:1, 8-21, DOI: 10.1080/07055900.2011.555728 16 Niagara Falls Climate Science Report, page 24, climatedata.ca 45 Page 50 of 140Page 192 of 610 Appendices Page 51 of 140Page 193 of 610 Appendix A: Action Implementation Schedules Page 52 of 140Page 194 of 610 48 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACTION IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES DEFINITIONS.................................................................................................................. 51 NATURE & BIODIVERSITY .......................................................................................................................................................... 52 GOAL: TO FOSTER THE RESILIENCE OF NIAGARA FALLS' NATURAL LANDSCAPE TO ONGOING CHANGES IN CLIMATE AND ENHANCE ITS VALUE IN PROVIDING BOTH CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION BENEFITS ..................................................................................................................................... 52 ACTION 1 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52 ACTION 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54 ACTION 3 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55 GOAL: TO ENSURE THAT WATER RESOURCES IN THE LOCAL WATERSHED ARE RESILIENT, PROTECTED AND ENHANCED THROUGH THE ENGAGEMENT OF VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 57 ACTION 4 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 57 ACTION 5 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59 ACTION 6 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60 ACTION 7 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 62 ACTION 8 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 63 INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................................................................................................................. 65 GOAL: TO DESIGN, CONSTRUCT, AND MAINTAIN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE THAT IS RESILIENT TO CLIMATE IMPACTS WHILE CONSIDERING AFFORDABILITY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, NATURAL ASSETS, AND REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GASSES ..................................................................................................................... 65 ACTION 9 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65 ACTION 10.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 67 ACTION 11.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 68 GOAL: TO MANAGE LAND USE THAT ENSURES THAT COMMUNITY ASSETS AND LIVELIHOODS ARE SUSTAINABLE, COUNTER URBAN-SPRAWL, OPTIMIZE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE, ENHANCE NEIGHBOURHOOD CONNECTIONS AND ARE RESILIENT TO THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ....................................................... 70 ACTION 12.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 70 ACTION 13.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 71 Page 53 of 140Page 195 of 610 49 ACTION 14.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 72 ACTION 15.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 73 ACTION 16.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 74 GOAL: TO ENSURE ENERGY SUPPLY AND INFRASTRUCTURE IS SUFFICIENT, AFFORDABLE, NET-ZERO AND RESILIENT TO WEATHER-RELATED DISRUPTIONS .................. 76 ACTION 17.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 76 ACTION 18.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 77 ACTION 19.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 79 HEALTH AND WELLBEING ......................................................................................................................................................... 80 GOAL: TO BUILD A RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE LOCAL FOOD SYSTEM THAT PROMOTES SOCIAL JUSTICE AND SUPPORTS LOCAL PRODUCTION, STORAGE, PROCESSING, SALE AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD ..................................................................................................................................................................... 80 ACTION 20.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 80 GOAL: TO IMPROVE SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS OF RESIDENTS TO THEIR COMMUNITY AND TO ORGANIZATIONS TO MINIMIZE AND BETTER MANAGE CLIMATE-RELATED HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 82 ACTION 21.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 82 GOAL: TO ENSURE ALL HAVE ACCESS TO COOLING DURING HEAT EVENTS .................................................................................................................... 84 ACTION 22.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 84 ACTION 23.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 85 ACTION 24.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 86 ACTION 25.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 87 ACTION 26.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 88 ACTION 27.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 89 ACTION 28.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 90 GOAL: TO IMPROVE OUTDOOR AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY ....................................................................................................................................... 91 ACTION 29.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 91 Page 54 of 140Page 196 of 610 50 ECONOMY & WORKERS ............................................................................................................................................................ 93 GOAL: TO SUPPORT BUSINESSES TO BECOMING RESILIENT TO THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE THROUGH CLEAR GUIDANCE AND RESOURCES ............................ 93 ACTION 30.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 93 ACTION 31.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 94 ACTION 32.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 95 RESILIENT GOVERNANCE ......................................................................................................................................................... 97 GOAL: TO INTEGRATE CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION INTO OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES AS WELL AS LAND-USE, FINANCIAL, AND STRATEGIC PLANNING ................... 97 ACTION 33.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 97 ACTION 34.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 98 GOAL: TO WORK WITH LOCAL, PROVINCIAL AND FEDERAL PARTNERS TO PREPARE FOR, RESPOND AND RECOVER EFFECTIVELY FROM SUSTAINED AND/OR MULTIPLE EXTREME EVENTS........................................................................................................................................................................................... 99 ACTION 35.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 99 ACTION 36................................................................................................................................................................................................ 100 ACTION 37................................................................................................................................................................................................ 101 ACTION 38................................................................................................................................................................................................ 102 GOAL: TO SUPPORT THE COMMUNITY THROUGH EDUCATION ON HOW TO PREPARE FOR, RESPOND TO, AND RECOVER FROM EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS ............... 103 ACTION 39................................................................................................................................................................................................ 103 GOAL: TO IDENTIFY PROJECT-SPECIFIC AND ONGOING FUNDING FOR CLIMATE PROJECTS THAT ARE IN LINE WITH FINANCIAL PLANNING ..................................... 104 ACTION 40................................................................................................................................................................................................ 104 ACTION 41................................................................................................................................................................................................ 105 Page 55 of 140Page 197 of 610 51 Action Implementation Schedules Definitions PRIORITY IMPACT ADDRESSED Identification of the prioritized impact(s) that this action addresses. SUPPORTING ACTIONS Actions to help support the implementation of the action, that are already underway, or that are smaller steps to achieve a larger action. IMMEDIATE NEXT STEPS Immediate, specific next step(s) that would need to happen to begin implementation. INVOLVED ORGANIZATION(S) AND OR CITY DEPARTMENT(S) The department(s)/organization(s) needed to implement the action. Leads (L) are indicated where possible to indicate a convener or undertaker of the action. TIME SCALE When implementation would begin. Quick-Win (QW) (<1 year), Short-Term (ST) (1-3 years), Long-Term (LT) (4-5 years). MONITORING METRIC AND BASELINE Metric to monitor the action and evaluate progress. These indicators will likely focus on processes that measure progress towards the achievement of an outcome (e.g. policies created, funding secured) as opposed to outcome indicators which demonstrate than an objective has been achieved. Prioritize indicators/measures that are already being collected where relevant. Page 56 of 140Page 198 of 610 52 NATURE & BIODIVERSITY Goal: To foster the resilience of Niagara Falls' natural landscape to ongoing changes in climate and enhance its value in providing both climate change adaptation and mitigation benefits Action 1 Integrate and align regional management of the urban forest, parks, open spaces and natural features with City plans, policies and procedures. Supporting Actions 1.1 Include vegetation management standards in construction requirements, with respect to Niagara Region’s regional tree canopy assessment. 1.2 Integrate into the current documents/processes: Official Plan Update, Natural Asset Management Plan, PRC Master Plan, Design Standards, and Niagara Parks’ Queen Victoria Park Master Plan and Urban Forest Management Plan. 1.3 Update construction and planting standards to ensure plants and trees have adequate soil volume and quality to ensure the living green infrastructure's full lifecycle, and associated ecosystem services, are achieved. Immediate Next Steps Gather plans, policies and procedures from the region (e.g. Town of Lincoln (waterfront development), the region, etc.). Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: Planning (L) Cemetery Municipal Works Rec, Culture and Facilities Land Care Niagara (volunteer group supported by the province) - support Page 57 of 140Page 199 of 610 53 Environmental Action Committee; Niagara Parks Commission (partner); Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority (NPCA) Environmental section of Niagara Region Time Scale ST Budget $$ (implementation of staff time, or bring in a consultant) * Construction Standards could be more involved process requiring more money Funding opportunity: Integrated urban forest management – City budget Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of plans with natural feature considerations Completion of policies and plan itself # of development proposals that increase tree canopy, and naturalized land Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7 PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7 EXT 1; EXT 4 Page 58 of 140Page 200 of 610 54 Action 2 Complete the development of the Urban Forest Strategy and implement its recommendations. Supporting Actions 2.1 Identify and plant climate resilient trees and shrubs. 2.2 Integrate results of Urban Heat Mapping and prioritize planting in hotspots. 2.3 Undertake an urban tree canopy study to identify tree and vegetation canopy targets (on public and private land). (build upon City’s boulevard tree asset mapping and Woodland/Woodlot Management Plan). Immediate Next Steps Continue completing urban forest strategy. Align with the Region’s Urban Forest Management Plan (Niagara Parks). Measure current coverage of tree canopy cover (using GIS), to determine baseline – entire land holdings or public land holdings. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Forestry (L) • Planning • GIS • Municipal Works • Cemetery • Rec, Culture and Facilities Environmental Action Committee Niagara Region (NR); Niagara Peninsular Energy Inc. (NPEI); Vineland Research and Innovation Center (VRIC); Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority (NPCA)(2B Trees); Page 59 of 140Page 201 of 610 55 Community Niagara Falls Nature Club (tree inventory) Time Scale ST Budget Develop plan - $$ Implement plan - $$$$ Funding opportunity: Urban Forest Management Budget (approved in 2023) Potential funding opportunity: OMAFRA, OMNRF Monitoring Metric and Baseline Completion of urban forest strategy Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 6; TEMP 7 PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7 EXT 1; EXT 4 Action 3 Enhance partnerships and engage the community to enhance the protection, planting and maintenance of plants, especially those that are native and climate resilient, including through academic research, educational events, tree programs, planting initiatives and through media. Supporting Actions 3.1 Enhance partnership with school boards to enhance educational and field trip opportunities related to climate change impacts, the importance of ecosystem health and function, and actions that increase resilience at the local level (e.g., EAC tree planting, community tree planting events). 3.2 Develop an education and outreach campaign - in partnership with Niagara Parks, Brock University, NPCA, Niagara College, Land Care Niagara. Highlight Niagara Falls' natural spaces Page 60 of 140Page 202 of 610 56 and how residents can better enjoy and maintain these assets, videos and graphics for social media campaign to promote increase, protection and maintenance. Immediate Next Steps Reach out to stakeholders, form committee. Consider reconvening Staff Green Team, branch out to form sub-committees. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Communications o Utilize Let’s Talk • Staff Green Team • Rec, Culture and Facilities (L) Environmental Action Committee; NPCA (identify native plants) Niagara College Brock University Land Care Niagara Walker Industries Mayors Youth Advisory Committee NR School boards Time Scale ST Budget Building partnerships $-$$ Implementation - $$ Funding opportunity: NPEI provides funding to City for tree planting Page 61 of 140Page 203 of 610 57 Funding opportunities: amongst partners listed above Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of partners engaged # of outreach efforts (e.g., media announcements, educational events) – comms team # of events held (# of trees planted at said events) Green infrastructure: Types of plants planted Increase % in tree canopy or naturalized habitat on private and public lands # of events where enhancement is realized # of events on public land Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 4 Goal: To ensure that water resources in the local watershed are resilient, protected and enhanced through the engagement of various stakeholders. Action 4 Increase naturalization of buffer zones around waterways and wetlands, including storm water ponds. Supporting Actions 4.1 Update the Official Plan, zoning by-laws, Secondary Plans and Engineering Development and Design Standards to enhance water buffer zones, including areas around provincially significant wetlands. Immediate Next Steps Identify existing inventory of waterways, stream channels, buffer zone conditions, including storm water ponds. (Sub-watershed studies within Secondary plans) Page 62 of 140Page 204 of 610 58 Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Municipal Works- Engineering • Planning • Council – support for political buy-in NPCA (L) Land Care Niagara; Peninsula Field Naturalists (St. Catherine) Niagara Falls Nature Club Rowing club – engage early [Angler + Waterfowl organizations] Time Scale LT Budget $$-$$$ Funding opportunity: Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority Funding opportunity: Niagara community foundation Monitoring Metric and Baseline % area increase in naturalized waterways Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1 Page 63 of 140Page 205 of 610 59 Action 5 Identify opportunities to expand natural assets and low-impact development as alternatives to traditional grey infrastructure. Supporting Actions 5.1 Educate City Staff on Low Impact Design (LID), which has been included in the Engineering Design Standards, as well as other stormwater management practices that promote groundwater recharge – referencing Region’s Stormwater Management Design Guidelines. 5.2 Increase LID and other stormwater management practices to promote groundwater recharge into retrofit and development/redevelopment projects, in alignment with the 2017 Master Drainage Plan (to be updated within next 5 years). 5.3 Introduce and expand programs that manage stormwater onsite for both private and public properties including rain barrels, rain gardens, bioswales, permeable pavement, and other LID projects. Immediate Next Steps Educate City Staff on Low Impact Design (LID) as well as other stormwater management practices that promote groundwater recharge. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Planning • Communications o Share City’s work and guidance for public • Finance (data: water expenditure bills) • Municipal Works- Engineering (L) o Development NPCA NR Community garden groups Niagara Region community garden network (works regionally with NR) Page 64 of 140Page 206 of 610 60 Master gardeners School of Horticulture Time Scale LT Budget Identification $-$$ Expand/ implementation $$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of staff trained # of LIDs Community uptake of different programs Uptake of development community of LID + stormwater mgmt. designs Increase in community gardens Change in total sewer flow, municipal water use Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP2; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT3; Action 6 Identify opportunities to better protect existing natural assets such as tree canopy, green spaces, wetlands, rivers, and floodplains as part of a stormwater management plan. Supporting Actions 6.1 Implement a salt management plan, in alignment with the Region’s SWM guidelines, that seeks to better manage and reduce salt usage and limit salt runoff into waterways. 6.2 Utilize and update existing Engineering Design Standards and the Woodland Management Plan to protect natural assets. Page 65 of 140Page 207 of 610 61 6.3 Development of Stormwater master plan currently underway. Immediate Next Steps Complete Stormwater Master Plan with ID of green infrastructure opportunities. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Cemetery • Parks • Forestry • Municipal Works/ Engineering / Operation (L) • Planning Landscape Architects NPCA NR Niagara Escarpment Commission Environmental Action Committee Niagara Regional Public Health - support streetscape Time Scale ST (completion of stormwater master plan) Budget Identification $$ (within stormwater master plan budget) Protection $$ Funding opportunity: Direction from Council: explore of 'cash-in-lieu tree contribution' for development Page 66 of 140Page 208 of 610 62 Monitoring Metric and Baseline Protected land area of natural assets (total acreage/ hectares) Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 3; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 5 Action 7 Continue to update IDF curves with most up to date modelling and update/build infrastructure in accordance with the latest data. Supporting Actions 7.1 Complete a risk assessment of stormwater management facilities and overland flow routes for major storms in light of climate change. Immediate Next Steps Continue updating IDF curve data. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Municipal Works- Engineering • Information Technology • Facilities? NR NPCA Time Scale ST Budget Staff time, resourced needed to update IDF curves - $$ Updating infrastructure - $$$ Page 67 of 140Page 209 of 610 63 Monitoring Metric and Baseline Degree to which IDF curves are updated # of buildings and other infrastructure (culverts, roads) updated in accordance Priority Impact Addressed PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 8 Work with partners to ensure that Niagara Falls watersheds are protected and enhanced in the face of climate threats and address emerging water issues. Supporting Actions 8.1 Leverage Region’s Official Plan and the Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority’s Strategic Plan, both of which address climate change and protection of natural heritage/ resources, to update the City’s Secondary Plan process for new area development including sub-watershed plans. Immediate Next Steps Initiate some of climate actions within Secondary Plans. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Municipal Works - Water/Wastewater • Planning • Rec, Culture and Facilities NR Climate Change Municipal Community of Practice (CCMCP) NPCA (L) Niagara Region Public Health Time Scale ST Budget Staff time -$$ Page 68 of 140Page 210 of 610 64 Implantation - $$$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Look to NPCA in terms of how they measure water quality/ quantity (water temps, species, health of in/vertebrate populations) ID specific measures taken within plans to address specific climate threats Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 3; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 1 Page 69 of 140Page 211 of 610 65 INFRASTRUCTURE Goal: To design, construct, and maintain physical infrastructure that is resilient to climate impacts while considering affordability, energy efficiency, natural assets, and reduction in greenhouse gasses Action 9 Ensure infrastructure risk assessments include climate change considerations and buildings are built or retrofitted accordingly, using best practices in the design, construction, and maintenance to minimize service disruptions and increase resilience. Supporting Actions 9.1 Identify and prioritize corporate buildings and assets in-need of upgrades or retrofits. 9.2 Complete the Wet Weather Management strategy as part of the Master Servicing Plan. 9.3 Complete the engineering and design standards update to create a more resilient infrastructure network that utilize risk assessment protocols such as PIEVC Engineering Protocol or ISO 31000 and that include climate-related risk and vulnerability. 9.4 Reduce all sources of inflow and infiltration into the sanitary sewer system including public and private property sources, as per the DWQMS Risk Assessment. 9.5 Update City's storm sewer design standards from a 5 to a 10-year storm. Storm and sanitary risk assessments to be done in 2024 as per new CLI ECAs. 9.6 Identify assets and infrastructure nearing end of life-cycle to retrofit or replace with climate-resilient materials . Immediate Next Steps Complete actions already in progress. 9.1 (largest emitter and largest capital cost associated) – in the middle of BCAs 9.2, 9.3 (in progress) Page 70 of 140Page 212 of 610 66 9.4 (LT undertaking), 9.5 (challenging undertaking) - Update model to understand risk constraints, constraining locations 9.6 underway (some quick wins) Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Facilities(L) – shared lead • Municipal Works- Engineering (development review team) (L) – shared lead • Asset management team • Water/ wastewater • Council - support Time Scale LT Budget $$$$ Funding opportunity: NR will be putting in a grant application for FCM’s GMF - GHG emission reduction feasibility study of 12 buildings Niagara Region - Wet weather management fund (some extent) on some capital projects that limit wet weather flows Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of buildings evaluated; renovated 9.2, 9.3 – completion of plans 9.4 % of system reductions (flows entering treatment plants) Km of combined sewers Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 7; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4 Page 71 of 140Page 213 of 610 67 Action 10 Improve the resilience and sustainability of transportation infrastructure. Supporting Actions 10.1 Utilize risk assessment protocols such as PIEVC Engineering Protocol or ISO 31000 to assess the specific climate-related risk of vulnerable transportation assets. 10.2 Continue to update the Transportation Master Plan and Engineering Development and Design Standards with a climate resilience and net-zero lens. 10.3 Install and update EV charging stations and City EV fleet. 10.4 Develop and encourage sustainable methods of transportation including through connected trails and paths, expanded GO services, EV chargers, and public transit. 10.5 Update the Niagara Peninsula Standard Contract Document (NPSCD) with opportunities to increase the resilience and carbon output of road infrastructure through the integration of updated materials (e.g. warm-mix asphalt). 10.6 Develop a communications plan to highlight sustainable methods of transportation and related initiatives such as a "Sustainable Travel Week" campaign. Immediate Next Steps 10.2, 10.4 in progress – continue and complete 10.5 fairly straightforward – reach out to NR Invite NPSCD committee to take on 10.5 leadership role 10.3 undertake feasibility and implementation strategy 10.4 (policy related – to review in OP and via Secondary Plans) – in progress – start in early Aug, will take roughly 1 year Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Municipal Works – Transportation Services, Fleet (L) • Communication • NPSCD (L) – for 10.5 Page 72 of 140Page 214 of 610 68 • Planning and Building • Traffic • Parking Niagara Region Transit Niagara Region Public Health (Active Transportation) Time Scale LT Budget $$$ - $$$$ Possible funding source: NRCAN Zevip (for EV chargers) Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of updated plans # of EV chargers Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 4; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 6; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 11 Identify opportunities and resources to include carbon reductions and climate resilience in buildings when new builds and retrofits or renovations are planned, including updates to building envelope, flood reduction measures, and site level energy generation. Supporting Actions 11.1 Encourage homeowners and businesses to implement and maintain best practices in stormwater management to reduce flood risk. 11.2 Identify and promote retrofit programs and materials for home and business owners. Page 73 of 140Page 215 of 610 69 11.3 Require flood sensors/alarms in basements, and water-driven sump pumps that can function without power in new builds. 11.4 Incentivize developments to include solar panels for on-site energy generation. Immediate Next Steps Policy perspective – include policy statements in the Official Plan Create communications strategy Create Best Practice/ Standards Guide (e.g., for applying for permits) Developers, land owners (need to be engaged) Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Climate Action Team Reps • Facilities Staff (L - for internal facilities) • Finance • Planning • Communications; • Business Development Developers, land owners (need to be engaged) Hydro/ Utility – NPEI Lean on other levels of government (NR) for broader community implementation Time Scale LT Budget $$ (policy, information resources, NOT infrastructure) Funding opportunity: Leverage existing collaboration with NPEI and Enbridge (e.g. save-on- energy and CDM programs) Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of incentive programs + resources developed # of uptake, # of people involved in the programs Page 74 of 140Page 216 of 610 70 # of discussions with developers, businesses Social media - # of people reached via comms Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Goal: To manage land use that ensures that community assets and livelihoods are sustainable, counter urban-sprawl, optimize existing infrastructure, enhance neighbourhood connections and are resilient to the impacts of climate change. Action 12 Develop 'Green Design Guidelines' and update Engineering Design Standards for new developments and retrofits that include low-impact development and green infrastructure to manage heat and flooding. Supporting Actions 12.1 Develop standards for green roofs in residential and industrial development. 12.2 Continue to implement the Weeping Tile Removal assistance program. 12.3 Develop an incentive program and/or update the approval process (e.g. reduction in development charges) for developers to include resilience measures. 12.4 Enhance and enforce by-laws regarding downspout disconnection; and lot grading to ensure flow of water is directed appropriately. 12.5 Ensure new development, redevelopment and intensification preserve and contribute to quality green spaces. Immediate Next Steps Planning – continue to explore using urban design in policies and implementation. Page 75 of 140Page 217 of 610 71 Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Facilities • Municipal Works -Engineering (Development) • Planning (L) Utilities (when planning new builds) Time Scale Urban design - ST LT Budget Developing Standards (staff time) $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Completion of GDG Updates design standards Completion of plan Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 13 Review zoning by-laws to encourage densification that will provide net energy and land savings and conserve or enhance ecological functions. Supporting Actions 13.1 Identify neighbourhoods and corridors for densification. 13.2 Update Official Plan and align with Regional OP policies, providing benefit for increased coverage where natural areas are preserved. Immediate Next Steps Continue initiation of 13.1 + 13.2 Page 76 of 140Page 218 of 610 72 Account for Net energy savings around infrastructure that’s built + movement of people Council decisions on current development applications (increasing dense development + asset expansion) Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Planning • GIS NPEI Time Scale ST LT – zoning by-laws (comprehensive zoning changes in association with updated OP) Budget Reviewing by-laws - $ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Increased densification/ reduced expansion Intensification rates Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 5; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4 Action 14 Update parking lot bylaws to reduce parking requirements and require a minimum amount of permeable surface and green infrastructure and trees in order to provide on-site stormwater management and shade, and promote alternative transportation. Supporting Actions 14.1 Utilize the results from the parking rate study to inform and support the planning and implementation of parking on-site green infrastructure. Immediate Next Steps Develop recommendation for parking lot bylaw adjustment. Page 77 of 140Page 219 of 610 73 Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Parking • Planning, Bylaw (L) • Municipal Works – Engineering, Water/ Wastewater Time Scale LT Budget $ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Number of parking lot spaces required ( is reduced) % of permeable and green infrastructure in parking areas Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3 Action 15 Identify and preserve land for future green spaces through the Official Plan and Bylaws. Supporting Actions 15.1 Review and update Official Plan, urban boundary expansion, secondary planning, and parkland by-laws in alignment with Niagara Parks land management zones. Immediate Next Steps Create list of potential lands to preserve. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Council • Planning (L) • Municipal Works • Rec, Culture & Parks • Business Development Page 78 of 140Page 220 of 610 74 • GIS Environmental Action Committee NPCA Development Community Time Scale LT Budget $ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Use greenspace targets identified in the Parks, Rec and Culture Master Plan to drive action. Acres of preserved lands Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 1 Action 16 Integrate natural assets into the City’s asset management plans. Supporting Actions 16.1 Undertake a natural asset inventory. 16.2 Align natural asset management with the Region’s tree canopy assessment, and the City’s Woodlot Management Plan and Forestry’s inventory of street trees. Immediate Next Steps Define scope of work for natural asset inventory. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Forestry (L) • Parks • Cemeteries Page 79 of 140Page 221 of 610 75 • Planning • Finance • Municipal Works • Infrastructure & Asset Management team • GIS Landscape Architects NR Environmental Action Committee Time Scale LT Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Natural Assets are included in asset management plans, policies and reports Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Page 80 of 140Page 222 of 610 76 Goal: To ensure energy supply and infrastructure is sufficient, affordable, net-zero and resilient to weather-related disruptions Action 17 Identify at-risk energy and communication infrastructure and opportunities to increase resilience to power outages as a result of increased demand or extreme weather. Supporting Actions 17.1 Support the Region’s upcoming Community/ Municipal Energy Plan. 17.2 Work collaboratively with NPEI regarding annual pole testing and replacement programs. 17.3 Continue collaboration with the Public Service Committee’s utility work and include climate projections in future work. Immediate Next Steps Continue to support existing initiatives. Create group to collaborate on energy infrastructure. Start bigger conversations with utilities. Vulnerability assessment of energy infrastructure. Scan what energy demands are, local carbon alternatives-looking at risk in particular. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City Facilities; looking at specific issues on specific buildings City Public Services Committee NPEI; ON Hydro (L) Niagara Region Broadband Network (NRBN) (would need to include other telecoms if comms strat is undertaken) NR Time Scale ST Budget $$-$$$ Page 81 of 140Page 223 of 610 77 Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of power outages related to climate impacts Days of power outages (how quick recovery is) Completion of Regional Energy plan Vulnerability assessment – ID of at-risk infrastructure Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 4; PRECIP 6; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 18 Undertake a greenhouse gas inventory and undertake actions to reduce GHG emissions from corporate and community energy sources, working off of the Region’s recently completed corporate GHG inventory. Supporting Actions 18.1 Identify opportunities to shift consumption to off-peak hours, especially during summer months. 18.2 Create and implement energy conservation strategies for City facilities and fleet (e.g., cemetery equipment), including undertaking energy audits, investigating alternative energy sources, retrofits and enhancing outdoor shading and cooling features. Immediate Next Steps Going to council for support. Applying for funding. Apply to PCP program. Prepare inventory (consolidate existing data) - – keep regular update of emissions. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Facilities (L) - Corporate • Department Leads Page 82 of 140Page 224 of 610 78 • Finance/ Account Payable (to provide data) • Council • Municipal Works NR (to measure emissions from [community] waste) Community data providers (e.g., NPEI) Consultant Time Scale ST - Inventory LT – retrofits/ climate actions Budget Inventory - $$ Retrofits - $$$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Inventory Completion of inventory Retrofits # of buildings retrofitted Total GHG reductions (tC02e) Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 4; TEMP 6 Page 83 of 140Page 225 of 610 79 Action 19 Monitor peak energy consumption to better understand how strategies to mitigate brown and blackouts can be implemented. Supporting Actions 19.1 Collaborate with NPEI to continue their engagement surrounding energy use, choice for rate plans, and microfits and renewable energy solutions. Immediate Next Steps Create + communicate database on energy consumption. NPEI already has available data for corporate emissions. Continue mitigating impacts already experienced (corporate-level). Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments Facilities – NPEI, ON Hydro partnership Time Scale ST Budget $$ Funding opportunity: NPEI will provide ultra-low plan for residents in November Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of brownouts + blackouts Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 7; PRECIP 6; EXT 4 Page 84 of 140Page 226 of 610 80 HEALTH AND WELLBEING Goal: To build a resilient and sustainable local food system that promotes social justice and supports local production, storage, processing, sale and distribution of food. Action 20 Support, implement and localize the Region’s work in developing a resilient and sustainable community food working group and strategy. Supporting Actions 20.1 Create a food strategy working group. 20.2 Conduct a scan of existing resources, policies and activities. 20.3 Identify how this strategy would align and multi-solve other local mandates. 20.4 Undertake a Community Food Assessment. 20.5 Working group to develop a food strategy that explores and leverages local/regional partnerships. 20.6 Consider requesting the working group to become a committee of council. Immediate Next Steps Build off momentum of the Regional Forum (June 7 food security event with United Way) and bring all partners together to determine who should be involved. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Planning (ID of land for additional community gardens) • Rec, Culture and Facilities (community gardens) Environmental Action Committee; local famer's market/ NF exchange; Page 85 of 140Page 227 of 610 81 local agricultural organizations and businesses; NR (L) United Way Public Health Regional garden network Ontario Food Collaborative GROW Niagara Falls FEAST program Farmers Links for Greener Learning Small Scale Farms Program Project Share Food Banks Feed Ontario Brock – Niagara agriculture municipal learning network ( https://brocku.ca/niagara- community-observatory/NAMLN/) Time Scale ST Budget $$ (staff time) Funding opportunity: working w/ United Way Monitoring Metric and Baseline Developed/ completed work plan/strategy # of (or acreage) community gardens/ time Page 86 of 140Page 228 of 610 82 Established working group Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 4; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 3 Goal: To improve social connectedness of residents to their community and to organizations to minimize and better manage climate-related health and safety risks Action 21 Improve community connection opportunities in collaboration with local organizations so that members are supported and more resilient during extreme weather events. Supporting Actions 21.1 Amplify existing initiatives and support more residents to engage with them. 21.2 City Comms to share community resources during extreme weather events and create a resource page on niagarafalls.ca to consolidate the information. Immediate Next Steps Create inventory of what currently exists. • Vulnerable pop • Engagement Initiatives + events Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Mayor’s office (L) • Communications • Rec & Culture; United Way Older Adults groups and centers; Page 87 of 140Page 229 of 610 83 Project Share; Café on Queen Street; Niagara Falls Public Library; McBain Centre; CSSN Community support Services of Niagara Church groups Gale Centre Neighbourhood groups Summer street shelter Former coronation building Soup kitchen Time Scale ST Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Completion of 2 inventories # of supports, initiatives # of people engaged Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Page 88 of 140Page 230 of 610 84 Goal: To ensure all have access to cooling during heat events. Action 22 Establish maximum-temperature bylaw and air-quality standards for rental and multi-unit properties Supporting Actions 22.1 Identify partners (such as Niagara Region Public Health, Tenant Board, Gateway of Niagara – AJ Heafey and team, etc.) to determine safe standards for indoor temperature. 22.2 Identify grant programs for tenants and landlords to finance building retrofits. 22.3 Train and work with by-law officers/ front-line workers to implement monitoring and enforcement protocols. 22.1 Identify partners to determine safe standards. Immediate Next Steps Champion on council Get Property Standards (Building dept) involved Initiate awareness and education campaign Consider what minimum temp standards are Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Mayor’s office (lower tier L) -> Region’s Social services committee (PHSSC) • Council (champions) (lower tier L) • Communications • Rec & Culture; • Property Standards - enforcement Coronation/ Older Adults Centre; Niagara Region Housing (NRH) • shelter system Public Health (upper tier L) Page 89 of 140Page 231 of 610 85 Time Scale LT Page 90 of 140Page 232 of 610 86 Budget Review of guidelines, related enforcement of by-laws - $$-$$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Establishment of bylaw Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5 Action 23 Expand access to existing cooling and warming centres for use during other extreme weather events such as flooding and power outages and extend hours of operation. Supporting Actions 23.1 Communicate and promote the access of heating and cooling centers for all (including public access to pools and splash pads). 23.2 City to define thresholds for "extreme" in order to activate additional cooling/warming centres (i.e., City buildings that can remain open during these occurrences), working with HIRA and emergency response plans/ Immediate Next Steps Host event to bring together stakeholders to expand policies. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • CAO (L) • Facilities • Council (champion) • Communications • Fire • Rec, Culture and Facilities Regional Community Services (Housing and Homelessness coordinator) Niagara's Assertive Street Outreach (NASO) Convention Centre Page 91 of 140Page 233 of 610 87 Gale Centre Time Scale ST Budget $$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of cooling/ warming centres (space/ hours/ threshold) during extreme weather events Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 24 Work with businesses and organizations to identify and promote cooling spaces for tourists. Supporting Actions 24.1 City/ Business working groups (Business Development Dept, Business Improvement Areas (BIA)) work together to designate and maintain cooling spaces, taking into consideration Niagara Parks potential to increase size of public realm (e.g., area adjacent to falls; increased access to the new power station tunnel). Immediate Next Steps Host event to have discussion with collaborating stakeholders, beginning the process of looking at viable options. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Business Development (L) • Communications NF Tourism BIAs Casino Page 92 of 140Page 234 of 610 88 Hotels Convention Centre Niagara Parks Commission Time Scale ST Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of businesses involved Amount of space allocated to cool tourists Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 5; EXT 1 Action 25 Identify opportunities to retrofit existing City corporate buildings and assets with air conditioning and air filters to combat extreme heat and air quality impacts. Supporting Actions 25.1 Continue conducting Building Condition Assessments for City facilities – Identifying/ assessing full capacity efficacy. Immediate Next Steps Leverage ongoing BCAs to help assess opportunities. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Facilities (L) NPEI Time Scale ST Implementation LT Budget Implementation - $$$ Page 93 of 140Page 235 of 610 89 Funding opportunity: Provincial grants (e.g., save-on-energy) Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of facilities w/ systems that fully address cooling needs Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7 Action 26 Develop specific strategies and resources to support those in need of housing, medical and social support services during extreme weather. Supporting Actions 26.1 Leverage past community events (e.g., Fire Dept ‘Push for Change’) and Communications’ existing scripts and media to spread awareness and enhance social supports for vulnerable populations. Immediate Next Steps Develop inventory Expand upon existing resources Create working group to allocate resourcing, ID and build upon existing strategies Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments NR - Community Services -NR Homelessness Services (L) Gateway of Niagara/ (NASO); Shelter Operator City and regional comms Time Scale ST Budget Plan development - $$-$$$ Resource implementation - $$$$ (meeting adequate housing needs) Page 94 of 140Page 236 of 610 90 Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of strategies; resources created or expanded Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; PRECIP 5; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 27 Work with local school boards to enhance the cooling abilities of all schools. Supporting Actions Immediate Next Steps Begin conversations with school boards Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments Mayor's Youth Advisory; NR; Public Health; School boards; City Council – can provide support, political leverage; Outside contractors – HVAC; consultant Planning – land-use, encouragement through policy (no enforcement capacity) Time Scale LT Budget Conversations: $ Implementation: $$$-$$$ Page 95 of 140Page 237 of 610 91 Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of schools engaged in ID’ing cooling opportunities Implementation Page 96 of 140Page 238 of 610 92 # of schools with implemented cooling abilities Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5 PRECIP 7; EXT 1 Action 28 Review and update policies, procedures, and training to ensure Niagara Falls staff and emergency responders are safe during extreme weather conditions. Supporting Actions Immediate Next Steps Convene group to review exiting policies/procedures/training Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● HR – Health and Safety (L) ● Unions ● Department Leads ● Fire ● Corporate Services NR: ● Police ● Paramedics Time Scale ST Budget $$ (enhancements of existing policies/ procedures) Implications for productivity + additional staffing need to be accounted for Page 97 of 140Page 239 of 610 93 Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of updated policies/procedures/ training Change in updated policies/procedures/ training from baseline (total #) Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 5 Goal: To improve outdoor and indoor air quality. Action 29 Identify and promote the use of technology to improve indoor air quality in homes and businesses, and the value of trees to improve outdoor air quality (during heat and wildfire smoke events). Supporting Actions Review open air burning policies and consider implementing education, restrictions, or bans Immediate Next Steps Gathering of potential stakeholders Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Planning ● Communications ● Business Development – could support promotion to businesses ● Fire (wildfire risk assessments + plans) Public Health (L) – as potential convener Environmental Action Committee Construction and heating/cooling companies Page 98 of 140Page 240 of 610 94 Time Scale ST Budget $-$$ Implementation - $$$-$$$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Citywide air quality level (baseline) Indoor air quality (baseline) # of statements issued from Environment Canada # of recipients of communications (engagement metrics) Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; EXT 1; EXT 3; EXT 4 Page 99 of 140Page 241 of 610 95 ECONOMY & WORKERS Goal: To support businesses to becoming resilient to the impacts of climate change through clear guidance and resources Action 30 Communicate business-specific strategies to build resilience to extreme weather events. Supporting Actions 30.1 Leverage Business Development’s contacts with local businesses, providing community with guidance and standards for building retrofits, emergency backup power generation, and/or onsite power generation. Immediate Next Steps Develop list of strategies that need to be communicated. Maintain engagement with business group to facilitate further discussion and develop further plans to accomplish this goal. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Business Development (L) ● Communications Climate Experts (internal/external) NR – Communications BIAs Businesses/Orgs Time Scale ST Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of businesses engaged # of strategies implemented Page 100 of 140Page 242 of 610 96 Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 31 Develop a business community climate best practices working group to develop and deliver business level risk assessments, emergency plans, and retrofit funding opportunities (heat pumps, renewable retrofits, building envelope enhancements, etc.). Supporting Actions 31.1 Promote Falls and facilities as 'cool' places during heat waves. 31.2 Identify tourist hotspots in need of cooling infrastructure such as increased tree canopy or shade structures, water features such as fountains, misting stations, etc. 31.3 Explore alignment with The Coordinating Committee’s launch of the ‘Niagara Climate Change Action Network’ initiative. Immediate Next Steps Action Lead to convene working group Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Building ● Business Development ● Council (Champions) ● Communication Environmental Action Committee (L) Region ● Facilities and energy management Page 101 of 140Page 243 of 610 97 ● Economic development Climate experts BIAs Chamber of Commerce Time Scale ST Budget $$ Funding opportunity for implementation: Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) provides conservation programs to businesses for retrofit opportunities. Incentives under the CIPs for employment include design elements that increase possible grant amounts based on efficient building and site design (Gateway CIP). Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of engaged businesses taking climate action Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 32 Expand upon federal/provincial guidelines for safe working conditions for workers exposed to extreme weather using best practices. Supporting Actions 32.1 Inform worker of best practices by working with labour boards, trade unions, Niagara Parks, NPEI, the City and local businesses. 32.2 Utilize and promote City’s existing extreme weather alert monitoring system, Public Health’s weather advisory statement releases. Page 102 of 140Page 244 of 610 98 Immediate Next Steps Gather and review federal (CCOHS- Canadian centre for occupational health and safety) and provincial guidelines. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Health and Safety (L) ● Human Resources ● Business Development BIAs Chamber of Commerce; NF Tourism/ Hotel Association; Labour Board; Trade Unions Time Scale LT Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of enhanced best practices/ guidelines Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Page 103 of 140Page 245 of 610 99 RESILIENT GOVERNANCE Goal: To integrate climate change adaptation into operational procedures as well as land-use, financial, and strategic planning Action 33 Systematically incorporate climate adaptation consideration into the City's Official, Strategic, Asset Management and Financial Plans. Supporting Actions Immediate Next Steps Identify staff lead(s) to coordinate incorporation of climate considerations. Identify which City strategic plans are up for their next review and when. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments All City departments ● Finance ● Asset Management ● Planning Time Scale ST Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Number of City Strategic Plans that include climate adaptation considerations Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Page 104 of 140Page 246 of 610 100 Action 34 Develop a coordinating structure to implement and report on the plan. Supporting Actions 34.1 Designate staffing and resources to Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. 34.2 Develop Individual Departmental Work Plans and Initiatives related to Climate Change Adaptation. Immediate Next Steps Build off of roles and responsibilities precedent set by City Communication Department. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City ● Mayor and CAO’s office (L) ● Finance ● Senior Leadership Team Time Scale ST Budget $$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Staff and resources dedicated to climate change action Scheduled reporting structure Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Page 105 of 140Page 247 of 610 101 Goal: To work with local, provincial and federal partners to prepare for, respond and recover effectively from sustained and/or multiple extreme events. Action 35 Create a climate working group with federal, provincial, regional, and indigenous governments, as well as businesses and community networks to improve the ability of Niagara Falls to prepare for, respond to and, recover from extreme weather events. Supporting Actions Immediate Next Steps Identify stakeholders and create working group mandate. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Fire ● Mayor and CAO’s office ● Business Development NR (Emergency services (EMS)) Indigenous governments Business community Federal and Provincial representatives Time Scale ST Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Meeting(s) held to coordinate adaptation efforts Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; Page 106 of 140Page 248 of 610 102 EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 36 Update emergency response plan to include expected climate hazards (such as extreme heat, flooding and storms). Supporting Actions 36.1 Create incident pre-plans with hotels, contractors, municipal water services and residents for evacuation or relocation situations. 36.2 Explore opportunities for collaboration between emergency response plans from the City and the Region. Immediate Next Steps Identify staff to lead the Plan update. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Health and Safety ● Communication ● Fire, Police (L) ● Municipal Works NR (EMS) Hotel Associations; Contractors (such as tree line workers) Time Scale LT Budget $ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Emergency response plan updated with climate hazards Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; Page 107 of 140Page 249 of 610 103 EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 37 Continue to promote emergency preparedness week and 72-hour emergency kits. Supporting Actions Immediate Next Steps Organizing individual/group to identify additional promotion and partners for emergency preparedness. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Health and Safety (L) ● Communication ● Fire, Police and EMS Time Scale ST Budget $ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Page 108 of 140Page 250 of 610 104 Action 38 Work with Niagara Region, Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority, Niagara Region Public Health, and municipalities within the Region to better understand roles and responsibilities, fill gaps in data collection, and expand sharing agreements in order to improve response to extreme weather events and increase efficiency of service delivery. Supporting Actions 38.1 Work with Niagara Region to integrate results of Niagara Region's Climate Mitigation Plan. Immediate Next Steps Establish working group Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Municipal Works ● Fire, Police, EMS ● Human Resources ● Decision Support Services NR (L), Public Health; NPCA The Niagara Parks Commission Time Scale LT Budget $ Monitoring Metric and Baseline A coordinated plan for extreme weather response is established Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Page 109 of 140Page 251 of 610 105 Goal: To support the community through education on how to prepare for, respond to, and recover from extreme weather events Action 39 Develop a climate adaptation and mitigation communications strategy that focuses on actions one can take. Supporting Actions 39.1 Develop communications products and educational campaigns for different audiences, including homeowners, renters, business owners, tourists, students and land managers that identify the impacts of severe weather events and what they can do to prepare and reduce risk. 39.2 Develop and provide internal City education and staff training regarding adaptation efforts and key climate-related risks and opportunities to enhance resilience. 39.3 Utilize existing City committees such as Park in the City and Mayor’s Youth Advisory to continue to promote climate change awareness. 39.4 Work with municipal and educational partners in promoting climate change awareness and consistent messaging. 39.5 Create an awards/honours/certification process that recognizes organizations that have increased their climate resilience. 39.6 Utilize City intranet to provide educational links and information regarding climate change and climate change science. Immediate Next Steps Identify a staff lead and coordinate partners Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Communications ● Human Resources ● CAO and Mayor’s office Page 110 of 140Page 252 of 610 106 Environmental Action Committee; Mayor’s Youth Advisory Committee; BIAs; School Boards Time Scale LT Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Number of engagements Number of individuals engaged Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Goal: To identify project-specific and ongoing funding for climate projects that are in line with financial planning Action 40 Identify financing opportunities to support climate resilience and mitigation efforts. Supporting Actions Immediate Next Steps Identify lead staff to track opportunities and applications. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Finance ● Rec, Culture ● Municipal Works Page 111 of 140Page 253 of 610 107 ● CAO and Mayor’s Office NR NPCA Time Scale ST Budget $ Funding opportunities: Environmental exhibition in the OPG gallery has great materials Monitoring Metric and Baseline $ leveraged to support climate action Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 41 Increase budgets to strengthen tree and natural infrastructure protection, planting and maintenance. Supporting Actions Immediate Next Steps Identify capital and operational planting, protection, maintenance needs Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Finance ● Municipal Works ● Cemeteries ● Rec, Culture and Parks Time Scale LT Page 112 of 140Page 254 of 610 108 Budget $$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline $ allocated to planting, protection, maintenance Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 *City Legal Department- will support each and any stage of the plan as required, through the preparation of agreements or engaging outside council as required. This includes risk management advisory services. *City Procurement Department- will support procurement process for any elements of the plan that require acquiring goods and services in accordance with procurement by-law Page 113 of 140Page 255 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report Page 114 of 140Page 256 of 610 Table of Contents Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................................. 4 Climate Indices ...................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 7 Data Collection ...................................................................................................................... 7 Climate Change Modelling and Downscaling .......................................................................... 8 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Scenarios ...................................................................................... 8 SSP Scenarios - IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) ......................................................................... 8 Time Periods ................................................................................................................................ 10 Uncertainty ......................................................................................................................... 10 Temperature ........................................................................................................................ 11 Ontario ........................................................................................................................................ 11 City of Niagara Falls ...................................................................................................................... 11 Cold Weather ...................................................................................................................... 16 Winter Days ................................................................................................................................. 16 Frost Days and Icing Days .............................................................................................................. 16 Freeze-Thaw ................................................................................................................................. 17 Agricultural Indices ...............................................................................................................17 Growing Season Start Date, End Date, and Length ......................................................................... 17 Precipitation ........................................................................................................................ 18 Ontario ........................................................................................................................................ 18 Niagara Falls ................................................................................................................................. 19 Extreme Weather Events ...................................................................................................... 20 Heavy or Extreme Precipitation ..................................................................................................... 20 Intensity-Duration-Frequency ........................................................................................................ 21 Freezing Rain ................................................................................................................................ 24 Water Levels .........................................................................................................................25 Water Temperatures..................................................................................................................... 26 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 26 References ........................................................................................................................... 27 Page 115 of 140 Page 257 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 2 Tables Table 1: Climate Indices Definitions 5 Table 2: IPCC Sixth Assessment Report Climate Change Scenario Characteristics 8 Table 3: Seasonal timeframes 9 Table 4: Annual and Seasonal Temperature in Ontario for RCP8.5* 10 Table 5: Projected Mean Temperatures for Niagara Falls (°C) by Season – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 10 Table 6: Projected Average Seasonal Minimum Temperatures for Niagara Falls – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 11 Table 7: Projected Average Seasonal Maximum Temperatures for Niagara Falls – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 12 Table 8: Extreme Heat Days (Tmax ≥30°C) for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 13 Table 9: Number of Annual Heat Waves for Niagara Falls - RCP4.5 and 8.5* 14 Table 10: Average Annual Length of Heatwaves for Niagara Falls - RCP4.5 and 8.5* 14 Table 11: Projected Frost Days for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 15 Table 12: Projected Icing Days for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 15 Table 13: Average Annual Freeze-Thaw Cycles for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 15 Table 14: Growing Season Length for Niagara Falls under SSP8.5 16 Table 15: Projected Annual Precipitation (mm) by Season for Ontario – RCP8.5* 17 Table 16: Projected Annual Precipitation (mm) by Season for Niagara Falls – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 17 Table 17: Extreme Precipitation Indices for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 19 Table 18: Baseline Precipitation Intensity Rates for Niagara Falls (mm/h) (1965-1990) 20 Table 19: Projected Precipitation Intensity Rates (mm/h) for Niagara Falls 21 Table 20: July 2019 Monthly Mean Water Levels 22 Table 21: Maximum Surface Temperature Projections for Lake Ontario Basin 23 Figures Figure 1: Projected Global Surface Temperature Change for CMIP6 SSP Scenarios 9 Figure 2: Projected Mean Temperature Change for Niagara Falls SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5 11 Figure 3: Projected Very Hot Days (30°C) for Niagara Falls under SSP5-8.5 14 Figure 4: Projected Annual Precipitation for Niagara Falls under SSP5-8.5 Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 5: Projected Precipitation Intensity Rates (mm/h) for Niagara Falls 2021-2050 under SSP5-8.5 22 Figure 6: Projected Precipitation Intensity Rates (mm/h) for Niagara Falls 2021-2050 under SSP5-8.5 23 Page 116 of 140 Page 258 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 3 Glossary of Terms Definitions have been taken from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), climatedata.ca, and the Climate Atlas of Canada. Baseline A climatological baseline is a reference period, typically three decades (or 30 years), that is used to compare fluctuations of climate between one period and another. Baselines can also be called references or reference periods. Computerized Tool for the Development of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves Under Climate Change (IDF_CC) Version 6.0 IDF_CC is a publicly available web-based intensity-duration-frequency tool to update and adapt local extreme rainfall statistics to climate change. The IDF_CC tool is pre-loaded with 898 Environment and Climate Change Canada rain stations. Users can select any rain station with 10 or more years of data and develop IDF curves based on historical data and curves adjusted to reflect climate change. The tool also allows the development of IDF curves for ungauged locations in Canada. Climate Change Climate change refers to changes in long-term weather patterns caused by natural phenomena and human activities that alter the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the build-up of greenhouse gases which trap heat and reflect it back to the earth’s surface. Climate Projections Climate projections are a projection of the response of the climate system to emissions or concentration scenarios of greenhouse gases and aerosols. These projections depend upon the climate change (or emission) scenario used, which are based on assumptions concerning future socioeconomic and technological developments that may or may not be realized and are therefore subject to uncertainty. Climate Change Scenario A climate change scenario is the difference between a future climate scenario and the current climate. It is a simplified representation of future climate based on comprehensive scientific analyses of the potential consequences of anthropogenic climate change. It is meant to be a plausible representation of the future emission amounts based on a coherent and consistent set of assumptions about driving forces (such as demographic and socioeconomic development, technological change) and their key relationships. Ensemble Approach An ensemble approach uses the average of all global climate models (GCMs) for temperature and precipitation. Research has shown that running many models provides the most realistic projection of annual and seasonal temperature and precipitation than using a single model. Extreme Weather Event A meteorological event that is rare at a place and time of year, such as an intense storm, tornado, hail storm, flood or heatwave, and is beyond the normal range of activity. An extreme weather event would normally occur very rarely or fall into the tenth percentile of probability. General Circulation Models (GCM) Page 117 of 140 Page 259 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 4 General Circulation Models are based on physical laws and physically-based empirical relationships and are mathematical representations of the atmosphere, ocean, ice caps and land surface processes. They are therefore the only tools that estimate changes in climate due to increased greenhouse gases for a large number of climate variables in a physically consistent manner. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Greenhouse gases are those gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of thermal infrared radiation, emitted by the Earth’s surface, the atmosphere itself, and by clouds. Water vapour (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone (O3), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the six primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere in order of abundance. Heat Wave A heat wave occurs when at least three days in a row reach or exceed 30°C. Hot Days A hot day occurs when temperatures meet or exceed 30°C. Intensity-Duration-Frequency curve An Intensity-Duration-Frequency curve (IDF Curve) is a graphical representation of the probability that a given average rainfall intensity will occur. Rainfall Intensity (mm/hr), Rainfall Duration (how many hours it rained at that intensity) and Rainfall Frequency/Return Period (how often that rainstorm repeats itself) are the parameters that make up the axes of the graph of the IDF curve. An IDF curve is created with long term rainfall records collected at a rainfall monitoring station. Radiative forcing The change in the value of the net radiative flux (i.e. the incoming flux minus the outgoing flux) at the top of the atmosphere in response to some perturbation, in this case, the presence of greenhouse gases. Representative Concentration Pathways Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) are four greenhouse gas concentration (not emissions) trajectories adopted by the IPCC for its fifth Assessment Report (AR5) in 2014. It supersedes Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) projections published in 2000. Temperature anomaly A departure from a reference value or long-term average. A positive anomaly indicates that the observed temperature was warmer than the reference value, while a negative anomaly indicates that the observed temperature was cooler than the reference value. Climate Indices The climate indices included in this study are listed and defined in the table below. The indices represent a broad range of important climate variables that impact daily life in Niagara Falls. Each indicator is discussed in more detail in their respective sections below. Page 118 of 140 Page 260 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 5 Table 1: Climate Indices Definitions Climatic Driver Climate Indicator Description Units Hot Temperature Mean Temperature The average temperature of the season (or annually). oC Mean Monthly Maximum Temperature The average monthly maximum temperature. oC Mean Monthly Minimum Temperature The average monthly minimum temperature. oC Very Hot Days (+30oC) A Very Hot Day is a day when the temperature rises to at least 30 °C. This is the temperature where a Heat Alert is issued by Environment Canada. Days Number of Heat Waves The average number of heat waves per year. A heat wave occurs when at least three days in a row reach or exceed 30°C. Number of heatwaves Average Length of Heat Waves The average length of a heat wave. A heat wave occurs when at least three days in a row reach or exceed 30°C. Days Cold Temperature Freeze-Thaw Cycles This is a simple count of days when the air temperature fluctuates between freezing and non- freezing temperatures. Days Frost Days A frost day is one on which the coldest temperature of the day is lower than 0°C. Days Icing Days An Icing Day is a day on which the air temperature does not go above freezing (0°C). Days Winter Days (-15oC) A Winter Day is a day when the temperature drops to at least -15°C. Days Agricultural Indices Growing Season Start Date The first day of the year when Tmin > 0°C (last frost) Date of Year Growing Season End Date The last day of the year when Tmin > 0°C (first frost) Date of Year Growing Season Length The number of days between the growing season start and end days (frost-free period) Days Mean Precipitation The average precipitation for a given season (or annually) mm Heavy Precipitation Days (20mm) A Heavy Precipitation Day (20 mm) is a day on which at least a total of 20 mm of rain or frozen precipitation falls. Days Page 119 of 140 Page 261 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 6 Max. 1-day Precipitation (mm) The amount the precipitation that falls on the wettest day of the year. mm Max 5-day Precipitation (mm) The wettest five-day period. mm Extreme Weather Freezing Rain Events Average percentage change in the number of daily freezing rain events (≥1 hr, ≥4 hr and ≥6 hr). Days Rainfall IDF Curves The annual maximum rainfall intensity for specific durations. Common durations for design applications are: 5-min, 10-min, 15-min, 30-min, 1-hr, 2-hr, 6-hr, 12-hr, and 24-hr. Mm/h Introduction Climate change is an increasingly critical issue at the national and local level. Recent events in Canada including flooding, ice storms, and other occurrences of extreme weather over the past several decades, have highlighted the need to be prepared for ongoing challenges. The goal of the Building Adaptive Resilient Communities (BARC) Program is to build capacity within municipalities to better understand impacts resulting from climate change and develop localized climate change adaptation plans to address their community’s priority risks. Recent events in Niagara Falls include an increase in the frequency and temperatures of heatwaves, such as those experienced in 2018, 2020, 2021, and 2022. Extreme rain and flood events have been experienced in the Niagara Region nearly every year in the last 10 years, and have resulted in basement flooding, sewer backups, flooded agricultural lands and have caused road closures, infrastructure damage, shoreline erosion, overwhelmed sewer and storm water systems, park and beach closures, and power outages. Additionally, the Niagara Region experienced a severe blizzard with freezing rain, heavy snowfall, wind gusts over 105-124km/h, storm surges on Lake Erie, and -20°C temperatures. Across the US border, in December of 2022, the Buffalo Region received nearly four feet of snow, hurricane force winds, whiteout conditions, and thousands of calls to emergency services over the course of four days. This report will primarily focus on changes in temperature and precipitation patterns which will affect the social, natural, built, and economic systems in Niagara Falls at the community level. The localized projections will help determine what vulnerabilities and risks the city faces as a result of climate change and inform how the City can better prepare for projected impacts and increase their resilience to them. Data Collection Data for this report was collected through several platforms. Primarily, localized climate change data was collected from three online, publicly available tools. These include: ● Climate Change Data and Scenarios Tool - Climatedata.ca ● The Climate Atlas of Canada was used to collect data relating to CMIP5 climate projections where CMIP6 data was unavailable from climatedata.ca Page 120 of 140 Page 262 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 7 ● Computerized Tool for the Development of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves under Climate Change Version 6.0 - http://www.idf-cc-uwo.ca/home More information concerning these online tools are provided in the Glossary. Other information pertaining to expected climatic changes in Ontario were taken from various academic or government reports. These are identified and cited where applicable. Climate Change Modelling and Downscaling Wherever possible, the data presented in this report is based on global climate models (GCMs) and emission scenarios defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), drawing from the Sixth Assessment Reports. Data projecting temperature and precipitation changes have been constructed using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) 6 data as they are the most current global climate model data available. CMIP6 improves upon CMIP5 by including 49 climate modelling groups running 100 climate models. Many different methods exist to construct climate change scenarios, however GCMs are the most conclusive tools available for simulating responses to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, as they are based on mathematical representations of atmosphere, ocean, ice cap, and land surface processes.1 Wherever possible, this report uses an ensemble approach, which refers to a system that runs multiple climate models at once. Research has shown that this provides a more accurate projection of annual and seasonal temperatures and precipitation than a single model would on its own.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Scenarios Climate change scenarios are based on models developed by a series of international climate modeling centers. They are socioeconomic storylines used by analysts to make projections about future greenhouse gas emissions and to assess future vulnerability to climate change. Producing scenarios requires estimates of future population levels, economic activity, the structure of governance, social values, and patterns of technological change. In this report, climate change scenarios from the Fifth and Sixth IPCC Assessments are considered. SSP Scenarios - IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) are the newest set of climate change scenarios that provide the basis for IPCC’s Sixth Assessment report (AR6). While the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) used in the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) focuses on mitigation targets to address physical climate change, the SSPs focus on the underlying socioeconomic contexts which may present challenges to mitigation and adaptation policies. The SSPs incorporate socioeconomic characteristics and other human-caused climate drivers (e.g., population growth, education levels, GDP growth, income inequality, use of technology, energy use, political contexts, land-use change) to derive scenarios that describe differing influences on greenhouse gas emissions. AR6 assesses and compares the RCP and SSP scenarios and incorporates new data, new models, and updated climate research from around the world to allow for a standardized comparison of society’s choices and their resulting levels of climate change. The premise is that every radiative forcing pathway (see Glossary) can result from a diverse range of socioeconomic and technological development scenarios. SSP-based scenarios are categorized by their 1 Climatedata.ca. (2022). 2 Ibid. Page 121 of 140 Page 263 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 8 relationship to both adaptation and mitigation, and their approximate total radiative forcing in the year 2100 relative to pre-industrial levels, and are labeled as SSP1-SSP5. These five pathways range from SSP1, where challenges to mitigation and adaptation are low, to SSP3 where challenges to mitigation and adaptation are both high, and the remaining SSPs are representative of the spectrum of possible societal futures. For this report, where possible, projections will use both SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5, as they represent a carbon reduced future with support of adaptation actions, and a ‘fossil-fueled development’ scenario with high challenges to mitigation and low challenges to adaptation. These scenarios were chosen because they represent a wide-range of possible future climates, have associated projections available from many different climate models, and correspond with Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 utilized in the IPCC’s AR5. Additionally, it is important that municipalities are aware of some of the most potentially dramatic effects of climate change should global emissions persist. Table 2 provides a description of SSP scenarios 1,2, and 5, while Figure 1 illustrates the projected global warming associated with the three scenarios. Table 2: IPCC Sixth Assessment Report Climate Change Scenario Characteristics3 Scenario Description SSP1-2.6 – Sustainability Taking the Green Road ● Low challenges to both mitigation and adaptation ● Policy focused on sustainable development ● Effective international cooperation ● Reduced inequality within and across countries ● Low consumption ● Low population growth SSP2-4.5 Middle of the Road ● Medium challenges to both mitigation and adaptation ● Current development and consumption patterns continue ● National and global institutions are slow to achieve sustainable development goals ● Environmental systems decline ● Slow improvements to inequality ● Moderate population growth SSP5-8.5 – Fossil-fueled Development Taking the Highway ● High challenges to mitigation, low challenges to adaptation ● Policy focused on free markets ● High consumption ● Effective international cooperation 3 Keywan Riahi, Detlef P. van Vuuren, Elmar Kriegler, Jae Edmonds, Brian C. O’Neill, Shinichiro Fujimori, Nico Bauer, Katherine Calvin, Rob Dellink, Oliver Fricko, Wolfgang Lutz, Alexander Popp, Jesus Crespo Cuaresma, Samir KC, Marian Leimbach, Leiwen Jiang, Tom Kram, Shilpa Rao, Johannes Emmerling, Kristie Ebi, Tomoko Hasegawa, Petr Havlik, Florian Humpenöder, Lara Aleluia Da Silva, Steve Smith, Elke Stehfest, Valentina Bosetti, Jiyong Eom, David Gernaat, Toshihiko Masui, Joeri Rogelj, Jessica Strefler, Laurent Drouet, Volker Krey, Gunnar Luderer, Mathijs Harmsen, Kiyoshi Takahashi, Lavinia Baumstark, Jonathan C. Doelman, Mikiko Kainuma, Zbigniew Klimont, Giacomo Marangoni, Hermann Lotze-Campen, Michael Obersteiner, Andrzej Tabeau, Massimo Tavoni, The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: An overview, Global Environmental Change, Volume 42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.009. Page 122 of 140 Page 264 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 9 ● Reduced inequality ● High economic growth ● Low population growth Figure 1: Projected Global Surface Temperature Change for CMIP6 SSP Scenarios Time Periods Climatic projections are typically provided within time periods of 20-30 years. Additionally, a consistent baseline period is established so that projections can be accurately compared with historical trends. In this report, the time periods of 2021-2050 and 2051-2080 are used most frequently. In some cases, timeframes are divided into three: “2020s” (2016-2035); “2050s” (2046-2065); and “2080s” (2081- 2100). Many climate indices are also divided into seasonal periods, defined below. Table 3: Seasonal timeframes Season Months Winter December, January, February Spring March, April, May Summer June, July, August Fall September, October, November Uncertainty It is important to note that uncertainty is an integral part of the study of climate change. Uncertainty is factored into climate change scenarios, models, and data, and reflects the complex reality of environmental change and the evolving relationship between humans and the planet. Climate change cannot be predicted with absolute certainty in any given case, and all data must be considered with this Page 123 of 140 Page 265 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 10 in mind. While it is not possible to anticipate future climactic changes with absolute certainty, climate change scenarios help to create plausible representations of future climate conditions. These conditions are based on assumptions of future atmospheric composition and on an understanding of the effects of increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG), particulates, and other pollutants. Temperature Ontario Over the last six decades, Canada has become warmer, with average temperatures over land increasing by 1.5°C between 1950 and 2010.4 This rate of warming is almost double the global average reported over the same period.5 Assuming emissions continue at the current rate of global output, the Province of Ontario is projected to experience an increase in annual average temperature of 4.8°C by the end of the century. Table 4 displays the expected seasonal temperature change in Ontario based on the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Climate modelling suggests that these changes will continue and the climate change associated risks will increase in the future. Table 4: Annual and Seasonal Temperature in Ontario for RCP8.5* Emissions Scenarios T Mean (℃) Baseline (1976- 2005) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High RCP8.5 Spring -0.6 -1.2 1.4 4.3 0.8 3.6 7 Summer 15.7 16.2 17.8 19.4 17.9 20 22 Fall 3.4 3.8 5.6 7.3 5.9 7.8 9.6 Winter -16.2 -16.3 -13.3 -10.3 -13.1 -10.1 -6.9 Annual 0.6 1.5 3 4.5 3.6 5.4 7.4 *Provincial wide data not available for SSP5-8.5 City of Niagara Falls Temperatures in the Niagara Falls are expected to rise in congruence with the provincial changes observed in the data above. The climatedata.ca tool was used to collect downscaled climate projections, using a baseline of 1971-2000. In Niagara Falls there is a projected annual temperature increase between 2.4°C in the immediate future and 4.6°C by 2080 from the baseline mean under scenario SSP5-8.5. Table 5 and Figure 2 depict the projected temperatures using an ensemble of global climate models and applying the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenario. Table 5: Projected Mean Temperatures for Niagara Falls (°C) by Season – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Emissions T Mean 2021-2050 2051-2080 4 Douglas, A.G. and Pearson, D. (2022). Ontario; Chapter 4 in Canada in a Changing Climate: Regional Perspectives Report, (ed.) F.J. Warren, N. Lulham, D.L. Dupuis and D.S. Lemmen; Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. 5 Ibid. Page 124 of 140 Page 266 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 11 Scenarios (℃) Baseline (1971- 2000) Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.5 Spring 6.8 8.7 9.3 10 9.6 10.2 11.4 Summer 20.5 22.0 22.5 23.7 22.8 23.8 25.0 Fall 10.9 12.5 13.0 14.4 13.2 14.0 15.7 Winter -2.9 -1.0 -0.3 0.7 0.1 1.0 2.8 Annual 9.0 10.7 11.2 12.3 11.5 12.4 13.6 SSP5-8.5 Spring 6.8 8.6 9.5 10.2 10.8 11.4 12.3 Summer 20.5 22.2 22.8 24.1 23.8 25.0 27.1 Fall 10.9 12.6 13.3 14.3 14.4 15.2 17.7 Winter -2.9 -1.0 0.3 1.7 1.1 2.6 4.7 Annual 9.0 10.8 11.4 12.7 12.8 13.6 15.4 Figure 2: Projected Mean Temperature Change for Niagara Falls SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5 Hot and Cold Days Page 125 of 140 Page 267 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 12 Maximum and minimum temperature trends show the average high temperatures and the average low temperatures for a given season. In terms of minimum temperatures, the baseline mean minimum temperatures across each season were 2.3, 15.5, 6.8, and -6.4°C for spring, summer, fall and winter respectively. Minimum seasonal temperatures under an SSP5-8.5 scenario are projected to increase substantially, with an increase of 4.2°C in spring, 4.4°C in summer, 4.1°C in fall and nearly 6°C in winter 2051-2080. Table 6: Projected Average Seasonal Minimum Temperatures for Niagara Falls – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Emissions Scenario T Mean (℃) Baseline (1971- 2000) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.8 Spring 2.3 3.8 4.3 5.0 4.8 5.1 6.0 Summer 15.5 17.0 17.4 18.2 17.7 18.5 19.4 Fall 6.8 8.2 8.7 10.0 9.0 9.7 11.4 Winter -6.4 -4.2 -3.6 -2.1 -2.9 -2.1 0.1 Annual 4.6 6.4 6.8 7.7 7.3 7.9 9.3 SSP5-8.5 Spring 2.3 3.8 4.6 5.1 5.9 6.5 7.2 Summer 15.5 17.1 17.7 18.6 18.9 19.9 21.3 Fall 6.8 8.3 8.9 9.8 10.1 10.9 13.3 Winter -6.4 -4.2 -2.9 -1.1 -1.8 -0.3 2.3 Annual 4.6 6.5 7.2 8.1 8.6 9.2 10.9 In terms of Average Seasonal Maximum Temperatures, seasonal average baseline temperatures for Niagara Falls were 12.0, 25.6, 15.1, and 0.6˚C for spring, summer, fall and winter respectively. Niagara Falls will experience an increase in all seasonal maximum temperatures, with Average Summer Maximum Temperatures reaching 30.3˚C in the years 2051-2080 under SSP5-8.5. Average Winter Maximum Temperatures will increase 5.5˚C by 2051-2080 according to SSP5-8.5. Table 7: Projected Average Seasonal Maximum Temperatures for Niagara Falls – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Emissions Scenarios T Mean (C˚) Baseline (1971- 2000) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.5 Spring 12.0 13.5 14.3 14.8 14.3 15.2 16.5 Summer 25.6 26.9 27.7 29.0 27.9 29,0 30.8 Fall 15.1 16.7 17.3 18.8 17.4 18.3 20.2 Winter 0.6 2.2 2.9 3.5 3.1 4.1 5.3 Annual 13.4 15.0 15.7 16.7 15.7 16.8 18.1 SSP5-8.5 Spring 12.0 13.5 14.4 15.3 15.5 16.5 17.7 Page 126 of 140 Page 268 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 13 Summer 25.6 27.2 27.9 29.4 28.8 30.3 32.9 Fall 15.1 16.7 7.5 19.0 18.6 19.5 22.1 Winter 0.6 2.2 3.4 4.5 4.0 5.5 6.8 Annual 13.4 15.1 15.7 17.1 17.0 17.9 19.8 For Niagara Falls, the baseline Average Warmest Maximum Temperature was 25.5°C. According to SSP5- 8.5, the Average Warmest Maximum Temperature will increase to 27.9°C in the immediate future (2021- 2050), and 30.3°C in the near future (2051-2080) according to the scenario mean. These temperatures do not factor in additional warming due to the humidex which could make it feel 5 to 10oC warmer. These extreme temperatures can cause heat-related illnesses in not only vulnerable populations but also healthy, young adults. Days where the daily maximum temperatures exceed 30°C present the greatest threats to community health due to heat-related illnesses. Examples of these include heat cramps, heat edema, heat exhaustion, or heat stroke. Specific groups, such as those who work outside, infants and young children, older adults (over the age of 65), those with chronic medical conditions, people experiencing homelessness, people playing outdoor sports or activities, and those with limited mobility may be more adversely affected.6 Moreover, while higher summer temperatures increase electricity demand for cooling, at the same time, it also can lower the ability of transmission lines to carry power, possibly leading to electricity reliability issues during heat waves.7 The baseline average number of days when the maximum temperature was greater than or equal to 30°C was 11 days for Niagara Falls. This is expected to increase to an average of 60 days in the 2051- 2080 period under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. This means there will be nearly a six-fold increase in days above 30°C by 2080 in the City. Table 8: Extreme Heat Days (Tmax ≥30°C) for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Emissions Scenario Tmax (days) Baseline (1971- 2000) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.5 30°C or more 11 21 30 43 32 44 65 SSP5-8.5 30°C or more 11 22 33 48 43 60 91 6 Health Canada. (2011). Adapting to Extreme Heat Events: Guidelines for Assessing Health Vulnerability. Ottawa, ON. Retrieved from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/climat/adapt/index-eng.php 7 Centre for Climate and Energy Solutions (n.d.). Heat Waves and Climate Change. C2ES. Retrieved from https://www.c2es.org/content/heat-waves-and-climate-change/ Page 127 of 140 Page 269 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 14 Figure 3: Projected Very Hot Days (30°C) for Niagara Falls under SSP5-8.5 The Climate Atlas of Canada defines a heat wave as three days in a row that reach or exceed 30°C and considers two variables for heatwaves; the annual average length of heat waves, and the annual number of heat waves. The annual number of heatwave events measures the average number of times per year where the temperature reaches or exceeds 30°C. The baseline number of heat waves for Niagara Falls is 1.7 as presented in Table 9. In the 2051-2080 period according to RCP8.5, Niagara Falls can expect to experience over six heat wave events per year. Table 9: Number of Annual Heat Waves for Niagara Falls - RCP4.5 and 8.5* Emissions Scenarios Baseline (1976- 2005) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High RCP4.5 1.7 1.6 4.3 7.4 2.6 5.6 8.7 RCP8.5 1.7 1.9 4.7 7.7 3.9 6.6 9.6 *Heatwave data is currently not available for SSP2-4.5 or SSP5-8.5 With regards to the average length of heat waves (in days), the Niagara Falls experienced an average of 3.4 days of heatwave conditions in the baseline period as displayed in Table 10. In the 2051-2080 period, Page 128 of 140 Page 270 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 15 according to RCP8.5, Niagara Falls can expect to see an average heatwave event occurring for 8.7 days – over double the current length. Table 10: Average Annual Length of Heatwaves for Niagara Falls - RCP4.5 and 8.5* Emissions Scenarios Baseline (1976- 2005) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High RCP4.5 3.4 3.4 5.3 7.8 3.9 6.3 9.5 RCP8.5 3.4 3.6 5.6 8.4 5.0 8.7 14.0 *Heatwave data is currently not available for SSP2-4.5 or SSP5-8.5 Overall, heatwave events are projected to occur more frequently and for longer periods of time. These changes become more pronounced as time goes on, and with regards to the higher emissions scenarios. Sustained over several days at a time, these extreme temperatures will have significant impacts on the health of individuals in Niagara Falls – heat illnesses can manifest quickly, and lead to long-term health problems and even death. Overexposure to extreme heat is especially dangerous for children and elderly adults, and those who work outside or are physically active in the outdoors.8 Cold Weather Cold weather is an important aspect of life in Canada, and many places in Canada are well adapted to very cold winters. Overall, the frequency and severity of cold days are decreasing across Canada, and in Niagara Falls, while the number of hot days is increasing. However, it is important to know how our winters will change in the future, because cold temperatures affect health and safety, determine what plants and animals can live in the area, limit or enable outdoor activities, define how we design our buildings and vehicles, and shape our transportation and energy use. Winter Days Winter days, defined as a day where the temperature drops to at least -15°C, are projected to decrease in Niagara Falls. In fact, by the end of the century Niagara Falls is expected to experience zero days a year where temperatures dip below -15°C. Frost Days and Icing Days Other indicators of cold temperatures are Frost Days and Icing Days - frost and ice days can help to understand freeze and thaw patterns throughout the region, and document risks relating to morbidity and mortality from traffic accidents, damage to roads and infrastructure, facility closures and more. A frost day is a day with frost potential – meaning the minimum temperature is below 0°C. Frost days are predicted to decrease an average of 60 days, and as infrequently as 29 days by the 2080s in SSP5- 8.5. 8 Berry, P., & Schnitter, R. (Eds.). (2022). Health of Canadians in a Changing Climate: Advancing our Knowledge for Action. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada. https://changingclimate.ca/site/assets/uploads/sites/5/2022/02/CCHA-REPORT-EN.pdf Page 129 of 140 Page 271 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 16 Table 11: Projected Frost Days for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Emissions Scenarios Baseline (1971-2000) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.5 123 77 98 105 51 81 92 SSP5-8.5 123 64 92 101 29 63 77 Similarly, the number of ice days are projected to decrease. Ice days are the total number of days when the when daily maximum temperature is at or below 0°C. A reduction in days below 0°C could have an impact on the survival and spread of ticks and Lyme disease, as ticks can be active in temperatures above 4°C.9 While deer ticks are most active in spring and fall, warmer winters could extend their window of activity. Icing Days are expected to decrease by nearly 75% by the 2080s in SSP5-8.5. Table 12: Projected Icing Days for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Emissions Scenarios Baseline 1976-2005 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.5 46 22 27 34 10 21 27 SSP5-8.5 46 15 25 34 5 11 19 Freeze-Thaw A freeze-thaw cycle is any day where the minimum temperature is below 0˚C and the maximum temperature is above 0˚C. The SSP5-8.5 ensembles project that freeze-thaw cycles will decrease due to overall warmer temperatures. This is likely due to the fact that overall, the days are getting warmer, and Niagara Falls is likely to experience a decrease in the number of days that reach a minimum temperature below 0°C. Under these conditions, it is likely that some water at the surface was both liquid and ice at some point during the 24-hour period. Freeze-thaw cycles can have major impacts on infrastructure. Water expands when it freezes, so the freezing, melting, and re-freezing of water can over time cause significant damage to roadways, sidewalks, and other outdoor structures. Potholes that form during the spring, or during mid-winter melts, are good examples of the damage caused by this process. Table 13: Average Annual Freeze-Thaw Cycles for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Emissions Scenarios Baseline (1971-2000) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.5 61 41 54 58 28 46 52 SSP5-8.5 61 37 52 55 13 38 46 9 Alberta Health. (2019). Lyme disease tick surveillance. Retrieved from https://www.alberta.ca/lyme-disease-tick- surveillance.aspx Page 130 of 140 Page 272 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 17 Agricultural Indices Growing Season Start Date, End Date, and Length Climate change creates both risks and opportunities for Ontario agriculture. Changes in seasonal temperatures, precipitation events, the length of growing seasons, and the timing of extreme heat and cold days all determine the types of crops that can be grown now and in the future.10 While increased temperatures will extend the growing season of some crops, it will bring with it a series of deleterious factors which may negate any benefit. For instance, increased temperatures may also increase the likelihood of drought conditions, reduce the water supply for crop irrigation, improve conditions for some pests, and disrupt pollination patterns.11 Managing for increased agricultural productivity and working to reduce risks under climate change will require careful consideration of changing weather and climate conditions, as well as key landscape and soil characteristics, crop suitability, farm management options, and policy and program support.12 Agricultural indices include the start and end of the growing season, as respectively defined by the last and first frosts, as well as the total length of the growing season. The SSP5-8.5 ensembles project earlier start dates and later end dates to the growing season in Niagara Falls as shown in Table 14. The baseline start date is typically around April 19th, while the end date is typically November 1st, resulting in a growing season of approximately 194 days. According to the SSP5-8.5 ensemble, by the end of the 21st century, the growing season is projected to occur approximately 19 days earlier, while the end date will likely occur approximately 19 days later. This means, on average, the growing season will likely increase by up to 1 month, following the high emissions scenario. Table 14: Growing Season Length for Niagara Falls under SSP8.5 SSP5-8.5 Mean Start date (Date of Last Spring Frost) Mean End date (Date of First Fall Frost) Mean frost-free days 1971-2000 (Baseline) Apr. 19 Nov. 1 194 2021-2050 Apr. 10 Nov. 11 215 2051-2080 Mar. 31 Nov. 20 236 10 Prairie Climate Centre (2020). Climate Variables. Climate Atlas of Canada. Retrieved from https://climateatlas.ca/variables 11 Capital Regional District. (2017, July 17). Climate Projections for the Capital Region. Retrieved from www.crd.bc.ca: https://www.crd.bc.ca/docs/default-source/climate-action-pdf/reports/2017-07- 17_climateprojectionsforthecapitalregion_final.pdf 12 OCCIAR (2017). The Ontario Climate and Agriculture Assessment Framework. Retrieved from http://www.climateontario.ca/doc/p_OCAAF/OCAAF_FinalReport_June2017.pdf Page 131 of 140 Page 273 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 18 Precipitation Ontario Canada has, on average, become wetter during the past half century, with average precipitation across the country increasing by approximately 20%.13 Other parts of the country can expect to see a significant percentage increase in precipitation, particularly Northern Canada, projections for Ontario show less dramatic changes to precipitation patterns. Below are the projected precipitation changes for the province of Ontario under the RCP8.5 scenario. Table 15: Projected Annual Precipitation (mm) by Season for Ontario – RCP8.5* Emissions Scenario Total Precipitation (mm) Baseline 1976- 2005 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High RCP8.5 Spring 136 110 147 185 119 160 205 Summer 224 180 229 181 173 225 278 Fall 202 170 216 263 174 222 276 Winter 122 106 136 168 118 151 183 Annual 684 637 728 814 665 758 853 *Provincial wide data not available for SSP5-8.5 Niagara Falls On a seasonal basis, in Niagara Falls, spring, winter and autumn precipitation accumulations are projected to increase by the end of the century with spring and winter experiencing the greatest increases. These seasonal trends, including relatively stable summer rainfall amounts paired with the projected increases in summer temperatures and heatwave lengths may lead to increased instances of drought. Table 16 presents the precipitation accumulation projections for Niagara Falls according to seasons under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. Figure 4 presents the precipitation accumulation projections for Niagara Falls according to SSP5-8.5. For Niagara Falls, the baseline average annual precipitation 840 mm. In a high emission scenario, Niagara Falls can expect to experience an average annual precipitation increase of 63mm during 2021- 2050 and 105mm during 2051-2080. Table 16: Projected Annual Precipitation (mm) by Season for Niagara Falls – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5- 8.5 Emissions Scenario Total Precipitation (mm) Baseline (1971- 2000) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.5 Spring 214 219 228 248 228 240 259 Summer 213 201 219 235 195 218 239 Fall 231 226 239 254 223 247 262 Winter 201 203 221 229 220 238 253 13 Natural Resources Canada. (2019) Canada in a Changing Climate. https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/energy/Climate-change/pdf/CCCR_FULLREPORT-EN- FINAL.pdf Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON. p.156. Page 132 of 140 Page 274 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 19 Annual 840 865 891 924 882 930 963 SSP5-8.5 Spring 214 219 234 252 225 252 270 Summer 213 198 223 243 183 222 243 Fall 231 216 238 261 219 252 264 Winter 201 221 229 241 228 245 255 Annual 849 858 903 937 889 945 986 Extreme Weather Events Canada has seen more frequent and intense extreme events over the last 50-60 years than ever before. These events come in the form of extreme heat days, more instances of extreme precipitation and flooding, wind storms, wildfires, and ice storms. Over the last forty years, extreme weather events have resulted in damages of $31 Billion In Canada alone, with global costs estimated at nearly $5 Trillion. The likelihood and the severity of these events are increasing with climate change, and are expected to cause hundreds of trillions of dollars in economic damage globally.14 Extreme weather events will affect communities across Canada, from damage to infrastructure and critical services, to economic and industry productivity, and the health of vulnerable populations.15 Future extreme weather models predict shorter return periods of extreme events – that is, an increase in the likelihood of 25, 50, and 100 year events – in the future. Heavy or Extreme Precipitation Extreme and heavy rain events are expected to become more intense and more frequent.16 As Southern Ontario is the most intensely urbanized area of the province, the magnitude and costs to insured and uninsured damages associated with flooding is significantly higher than elsewhere in the province.17 Extreme rain and flood events have been experienced in the Niagara Region nearly every year in the last 14 Feltmate, B. and M. Moudrak. 2021. Climate Change and the Preparedness of 16 Major Canadian Cities to Limit Flood Risk. Intact Centre on Climate Adaptation, University of Waterloo 15 Ibid. 16 Chiotti, Q. and Lavender, B. (2008): Ontario; in From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate, 2007, edited by D.S. Lemmen, F.J. Warren, J. Lacroix and E. Bush; Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, p. 227-274. 17 Feltmate, B. and M. Moudrak. 2021. Climate Change and the Preparedness of 16 Major Canadian Cities to Limit Flood Risk. Intact Centre on Climate Adaptation, University of Waterloo Page 133 of 140 Page 275 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 20 10 years, and with projected increases in annual precipitation there is the potential of increased flood risk and high intensity storms. The projections of several extreme precipitation indices are presented in this section. Heavy Precipitation Days (both 10 mm and 20 mm) are days on which at least a total of 10 mm (or 20 mm) of rain or frozen precipitation falls. Frozen precipitation is measured according to its liquid equivalent: 10 cm of snow is usually about 10 mm of precipitation.18 Max 1-Day precipitation and Max-5 Day precipitation indicate the amount of precipitation that falls on the wettest day of the year, and the five wettest days of the year respectively. The Max 1-Day precipitation amount could be the result of a short but intense precipitation event such as a storm or because a moderate amount of snow/rain falls continuously all day, rather than all at once. Table 17 shows the projected Heavy Precipitation Days (both 10 mm and 20 mm), as well as the Max 1- Day and 5-Day Precipitation for Niagara Falls. Table 17: Extreme Precipitation Indices for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Variable Emissions Scenario Baseline 1976-2005 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High Wet Days (>=10 mm) SSP2-4.5 26 27 28 30 27 30 31 SSP5-8.5 26 27 29 30 28 30 32 Wet Days (>=20 mm) SSP2-4.5 6 7 8 8 7 8 9 SSP5-8.5 6 6 8 8 8 9 10 Max 1-Day Precipitation (mm) SSP2-4.5 39 38 42 45 42 45 49 SSP5-8.5 39 39 43 46 42 46 49 Max 5-Day Precipitation (mm) SSP2-4.5 66 66 71 78 69 75 81 SSP5-8.5 66 67 72 76 73 78 84 Heavy Precipitation Days in Niagara Falls are expected to increase by approximately 4 days for 10 mm days and 3 days for 20 mm days according to SSP5-8.5 by 2051-2080. Maximum 1-Day and 5-day events are also expected to increase in the city, with the greatest increase in 5-day events. For example, Max 5- Day events are projected to increase from a baseline of 66 mm to 78 mm by 2051-2080 for RCP8.5. Intensity-Duration-Frequency Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves represent one way to analyze and predict heavy precipitation under a changing climate. They provide a graphical representation of the probability that a given average rainfall intensity will occur. Rainfall Intensity (mm/hr), Rainfall Duration (how many hours it rained at that intensity) and Rainfall Frequency/Return Period (how often that rain storm repeats itself) are the parameters that make up the axes of the graph of IDF curve.19 18 Prairie Climate Centre (2020). Climate Variables. Climate Atlas of Canada. Retrieved from https://climateatlas.ca/variables 19 IDF Curve. The Climate Workspace. Accessed from: http://www.glisaclimate.org/node/2341 Page 134 of 140 Page 276 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 21 The Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction (ICLR) and the University Waterloo’s Facility for Intelligent Decision Support has developed a tool that assists users in developing and updating IDF curves using precipitation data from existing Environment Canada hydro-meteorological stations. Available precipitation data is integrated with predictions obtained from Global Climate Models to assess the impacts of climate change on IDF curves. Global climate models and scenarios developed for the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) are used to provide future climate projections. The station selected to produce localized IDF curves for Niagara Falls was the Niagara Falls Station. Projections are based on increases from the precipitation rate baseline, which is the average amount of precipitation in the years the station was active. For the Niagara Falls Station, this baseline was calculated between 1965 and 1990. Table 18 and Figure 5 depict baseline precipitation intensity for Niagara Falls. Table 18: Baseline Precipitation Intensity Rates for Niagara Falls (mm/h) (1965-1990) T (years) 2 5 10 20 25 50 100 5 min 85.47 114.01 132.60 150.21 155.75 172.68 189.29 10 min 64.49 82.78 92.71 100.89 103.24 109.80 115.43 15 min 54.42 70.35 79.16 86.51 88.64 94.65 99.87 30 min 34.87 45.70 52.83 59.65 61.81 68.44 75.00 1 h 20.35 27.75 33.49 39.72 41.86 49.01 56.99 2 h 12.59 16.82 19.98 23.30 24.42 28.08 32.05 6 h 6.21 7.85 8.81 9.63 9.87 10.58 11.21 12 h 3.59 4.66 5.41 6.16 6.41 7.19 8.00 24 h 2.04 2.61 3.00 3.40 3.53 3.94 4.36 Page 135 of 140 Page 277 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 22 Figure 5: Baseline Precipitation Intensity Rates for Niagara Falls (mm/h) (1993-2017) Tables 19 and 20, and Figures 6 and 7 below represent the change in IDF curves under a high emissions scenario. The projections cover a 30-year frame from 2021-2050, and 2051-2080. As seen in the graphs, the intensity of rainfall is projected to increase. While longer, more frequent rainfall events (e.g. a typical rainy day) will bring slightly higher amounts of rain, the intensity of rainfall during more infrequent, extreme storms (i.e. 1 in 20, 25, 50, 100-year storms) is projected to significantly increase. Table 19: Projected Precipitation Intensity Rates (mm/h) for Niagara Fall 2021-2050 under SSP5-8.5 T (years) 2 5 10 20 25 50 100 5 min 92.23 122.16 144.36 168.88 177.46 200.78 226.10 10 min 69.40 88.69 101.26 114.31 118.26 127.55 138.51 15 min 58.56 75.37 86.43 98.02 101.62 110.07 119.70 30 min 37.67 48.84 57.40 66.97 70.42 79.72 90.33 1 h 21.94 29.69 35.99 43.88 47.00 56.35 65.74 2 h 13.58 18.00 21.53 25.87 27.57 32.46 37.63 6 h 6.71 8.44 9.61 10.85 11.28 12.31 13.33 12 h 3.87 4.98 5.84 6.88 7.27 8.35 9.59 24 h 2.31 2.96 3.44 4.03 4.20 4.77 5.39 Page 136 of 140 Page 278 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 23 Figure 5: Projected Precipitation Intensity Rates (mm/h) for Niagara Falls 2021-2050 under SSP5- 8.5 Table 20: Projected Precipitation Intensity Rates (mm/h) for Niagara Fall 2051-2080 under SSP5-8.5 T (years) 2 5 10 20 25 50 100 5 min 98.32 132.71 156.36 181.94 190.04 216.22 239.41 10 min 73.94 96.72 110.04 122.02 125.28 135.95 145.88 15 min 62.41 82.19 93.93 104.69 107.64 117.38 126.14 30 min 40.13 53.14 62.24 72.13 75.33 85.64 94.90 1 h 23.51 32.11 39.14 47.15 49.83 60.57 72.44 2 h 14.53 19.49 23.41 27.83 29.28 34.85 40.76 6 h 7.13 9.16 10.41 11.66 12.03 13.18 14.15 12 h 4.14 5.40 6.35 7.40 7.75 8.95 10.18 24 h 2.35 3.02 3.53 4.08 4.27 4.91 5.55 Page 137 of 140 Page 279 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 24 Figure 6: Projected Precipitation Intensity Rates (mm/h) for Niagara Falls 2021-2050 under SSP5- 8.5 The projected IDFs curves above demonstrate that the intensity (mm/h) of rainfall will increase, with more rain falling in shorter time periods. Storms that occur less frequently (e.g. 100-year storms) are projected to see the greatest increase in intensity. Furthermore, such heavy precipitation events are projected to become more common than they once were. Freezing Rain A study conducted by the Meteorological Service of Canada and the Science and Technology branch of Environment Canada observed the possible impacts of climate change on freezing rain using downscaled future climate scenarios for Eastern Canada. This study used climate scenarios from the IPCC AR4 report. Region I of the study encompasses a portion of Southwestern Ontario, including Niagara Falls. The study conducted analysis on the projected average percentage change in the number of daily freezing rain events. Figure 7 presents the averaged percentage change in the number of daily freezing rain events for ≥1 h, ≥4 h and ≥6 h events per day. The percentage increase is most pronounced in the months of January, with slight changes in the months of December and February, and an overall decrease in the months of November, March and April. Severe freezing rain events (>6 h per day) are projected to increase up to 30% by 2100.20 20 Chad Shouquan Cheng , Guilong Li & Heather Auld (2011) Possible Impacts of Climate Change on Freezing Rain Using Downscaled Future Climate Scenarios: Updated for Eastern Canada, Atmosphere-Ocean, 49:1, 8-21, DOI: 10.1080/07055900.2011.555728 Page 138 of 140 Page 280 of 610 22 Ibid. 23 Ibid. Appendix B: Climate Science Report 25 Figure 7: The average percentage change in the number of daily freezing rain events (%) for Region I relative to 1957-2007 baseline conditions Water Levels The Great Lakes Basin The Great Lakes Basin, including both within Canada and the U.S., covers more than 765,000 square kilometers and contains 21% of the world’s fresh surface water.21 Climate change is expected to impact the Great Lakes in the form changes to ice cover, warming water temperature, and increased variability of water levels. Annual surface water temperatures of the Great Lakes have increased between 0.02°C and 0.06°C per year since 1980 and are expected to continue to warm under a changing climate, and warming air temperatures have contributed to a 71% decline in annual ice cover across the Great Lakes in the period of 1973-2010.22 Year to year variability in water levels is expected to remain large, as the period from 1998-2013 saw lower than average water levels across the lakes, with near or above high- record water levels experienced in July of 2019 (see table 21).23 Table 21: July 2019 Monthly Mean Water Levels Lake Compared to Monthly Average (1918-2019) Compared to 2018 Superior 35 cm above 21 cm above Michigan 79 cm above 39 cm above Erie 80 cm above 31 cm above Huron 79 cm above 74 cm above 21 Douglas, A.G. and Pearson, D. (2022). Ontario; Chapter 4 in Canada in a Changing Climate: Regional Perspectives Report, (ed.) F.J. Warren, N. Lulham, D.L. Dupuis and D.S. Lemmen; Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. https://changingclimate.ca/regional-perspectives/chapter/3-0/ Page 139 of 140 Page 281 of 610 27 Ibid. 28 Ibid. Appendix B: Climate Science Report 26 These changes can have major regional impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity, commercial and industrial activities such as energy generation, shipping, and tourism, reduced water quality and quantity, strain on water treatment infrastructure, less opportunities for recreation, significant damage to infrastructure and property, and physical and psychological impacts to human health.24 Water Temperatures Increases in nearshore temperatures have been recorded at several locations around the Great Lakes since the 1920s. They are most pronounced in the spring and fall and are positively correlated with trends in global mean air temperature.25 With changing climatic conditions in Ontario, wetlands in Southern Ontario are particularly vulnerable to drying. Animals and plants that require wetland habitat will be threatened, and the ecosystem services provided by wetlands will be diminished. Stream temperatures in Lake Ontario are also expected to increase by up to 1.4°C.26 In Lake Ontario under a high emissions scenario, 23% of the streams may warm from coldwater to coolwater habitat.27 This change can cause decreased presence of coldwater fish while increasing coolwater habitat, altering species makeup and possibly leading to increased spread of invasives. Furthermore, warmer temperatures will affect walleye (coolwater species) biomass, causing a decline of ~10-15% in the Lake Ontario basin.28 Table 22 below depicts the predicted maximum surface temperatures in the Lake Ontario basin. The predicted temperatures were developed using ensemble climate projections of air temperature under the IPCC Fourth Assessment scenarios. The high emissions scenario (A2) projections are displayed below. The time periods for the projections include the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s. Table 22: Maximum Surface Temperature Projections for Lake Ontario Basin Basin # of main stem lakes Current 2020s 2050s 2080s Ontario 893 23.9⁰C 25.6⁰C 27.1⁰C 28.9⁰C Conclusion The information provided in this report provides a clear indication that climate change is affecting Canada, and specifically Niagara Falls. Rising annual temperatures as well as increases in precipitation and extreme events are major climate impacts that can have tremendous ecological, infrastructural, economic, and sociological effects for the community. This report is meant to act as a background and an introduction to climate change in this area, and additional research should be conducted to retrieve more precise downscaled climate projections where available. 24 Ibid. 25 Chu, Cindy. (2016). Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for Inland Aquatic Ecosystems in the Great Lakes Basin, Ontario. Retrieved from: http://www.climateontario.ca/MNR_Publications/CCRR-43.pdf 26 Ibid. Page 140 of 140 Page 282 of 610 City of Niagara Falls Draft: Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan Local Governments. for Sustainability Bmim3 Page 283 of 610 2 Table of Contents Land Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Message from the Mayor ........................................................................................................................................................ 10 Glossary of Terms ................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 14 THE NEED FOR BOTH ADAPTATION & MITIGATION .................................................................................................................. 14 RECENT EXTREME WEATHER IN NIAGARA FALLS .................................................................................................................... 15 POLICY DIRECTION ON ADAPTATION .................................................................................................................................... 16 International ................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Federal ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Provincial ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Regional ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Our Approach ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19 THE BARC METHODOLOGY & PROCESS .................................................................................................................................. 19 Collaborative Approach ................................................................................................................................................................ 20 Milestone One: Initiate.................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Page 284 of 610 3 Milestone Two: Research ................................................................................................................................................................ 20 Milestone Three: Plan .................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Milestone Four: Implement ............................................................................................................................................................ 21 Milestone Five: Monitor & Review ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Climate Science & Impacts ...................................................................................................................................................... 22 CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS FOR THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS ......................................................................................... 22 Temperature ................................................................................................................................................................................. 22 Precipitation ................................................................................................................................................................................. 23 Extreme Weather ........................................................................................................................................................................... 23 PRIORITY IMPACTS FOR THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS ............................................................................................................ 25 Temperature-Related Priority Impacts ............................................................................................................................................ 26 Precipitation-Related Priority Impacts ............................................................................................................................................. 27 Extreme Weather-Related Priority Impacts ...................................................................................................................................... 28 Vision ................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Themes, Goals & Actions ......................................................................................................................................................... 30 NATURE & BIODIVERSITY ..................................................................................................................................................... 31 Goal: To foster the resilience of Niagara Falls' natural landscape to ongoing changes in climate and enhance its value in providing both climate change adaptation and mitigation benefits .............................................................................................................. 31 Goal: To integrate the management of the urban forest, parks, open spaces and natural features into City plans, policies and procedures ................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 INFRASTRUCTURE ............................................................................................................................................................ 32 Page 285 of 610 4 Goal: To design, construct, and maintain physical infrastructure that is resilient to climate impacts while considering affordability, energy efficiency, natural assets, and reduction in greenhouse gasses ........................................................................................ 32 Goal: To manage land use that ensures that community assets and livelihoods are sustainable, counter urban-sprawl, optimize existing infrastructure, enhance neighbourhood connections and are resilient to the impacts of climate change ................................ 32 Goal: To ensure energy supply and infrastructure is sufficient, affordable, net-zero and resilient to weather-related disruptions ........ 33 HEALTH & WELLBEING ......................................................................................................................................................... 34 Goal: To build a resilient and sustainable local food system that promotes social justice and supports local production, storage, processing, sale and distribution of food ......................................................................................................................................... 34 Goal: To improve social connectedness of residents to their community and to organizations to minimize and better manage climate- related health and safety risks ........................................................................................................................................................ 34 Goal: To ensure all have access to cooling during heat events .......................................................................................................... 34 Goal: To improve outdoor and indoor air quality ............................................................................................................................. 35 ECONOMY & WORKERS ........................................................................................................................................................ 36 Goal: To support businesses to becoming resilient to the impacts of climate change through clear guidance and resources ............... 36 RESILIENT GOVERNANCE .................................................................................................................................................... 37 Goal: To integrate climate change adaptation into operational procedures as well as land-use, financial, and strategic planning ........ 37 Goal: To work with local, provincial and federal partners to prepare for, respond and recover effectively from sustained and/or multiple extreme events ................................................................................................................................................................. 37 Goal: To support the community through education on how to prepare for, respond to, and recover from extreme weather events .38 Goal: To identify project-specific and ongoing funding for climate projects that are in line with financial planning .............................. 38 OPPORTUNITIES ............................................................................................................................................................... 39 Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation ............................................................................................................................ 40 Page 286 of 610 5 IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................................................................................................... 40 Implementation Schedules ........................................................................................................................................................... 40 MONITORING ................................................................................................................................................................... 41 Indicators .................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 EVALUATION ................................................................................................................................................................... 42 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Call to Action ......................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Can you be an action supporter? ................................................................................................................................................... 44 Climate-Ready Actions .................................................................................................................................................................. 44 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Actions ............................................................................................................................................... 44 References .......................................................................................................................................................................... 45 Appendices ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46 Page 287 of 610 6 Land Acknowledgement We respectfully acknowledge the many land treaties that overlay the city of Niagara Falls and Niagara Region and we acknowledge and thank the Indigenous peoples who have been stewards of this land for a millennia before us. The work undertaken to develop and subsequently implement this Plan takes place on the traditional territory of the Haudenosaunee and the Anishinaabe peoples, many of whom continue to live and work here today. Page 288 of 610 Executive Summary Climate change is a reality that our community is currently facing. Already, we are seeing how climate change impacts our local infrastructure, economy, and well-being. The City of Niagara Falls (City) has taken a proactive approach to reducing the impacts of a changing climate and extreme weather on the community’s built, social, natural, and economic systems by guiding the development of this Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan (hereafter referred to as Adaptation Plan). The development of this Adaptation Plan, along with forthcoming implementation of its actions, will help the city minimize the negative impacts of climate change by addressing local risks while also seizing any local opportunities to increase resilience. The adaptation planning process has been supported by ICLEI Canada and a core City team out of the Municipal Works Department and Mayor and CAO’s Office. A Niagara Falls climate change working group was formed to provide input into the development of the community’s Adaptation Plan from February to August 2023 and consisted of a dedicated network of community members, organizations, City staff and stakeholders. The Adaptation Plan development process also included targeted engagement with the business community. The goals and actions in the Adaptation Plan have been developed to address the impacts of climate change that are the highest priority to the community. They are presented in this plan under 5 themes; Nature & Biodiversity, Infrastructure, Health & Wellbeing, Economy & Workers, and Resilient Governance. Climate change mitigation actions have been included within some of the goals and actions in order to build on the momentum of this adaptation work and drive action towards greenhouse gas reduction. The Adaptation Plan of Niagara Falls will be implemented over the next 5 years, at least, with annual reports to the City’s Senior Leadership Team and a report every second year to City Council. 7 Page 289 of 610 Acknowledgements PROJECT TEAM The Adaptation Plan was coordinated by a core team consisting of three dedicated staff from the Mayor, CAO and Business Development Offices and the department of Municipal Works. ICLEI Canada guided the Adaptation Plan’s development and is part of a global network of more than 2500 local and regional governments committed to sustainable urban development and whose not-for-profit work influences sustainability policy and drives local action for low-emission, nature-based, equitable, resilient and circular development. ADAPTATION WORKING GROUP The on-the-ground experience and insights provided by those who live and work in Niagara Falls have contributed to the development of robust and relevant goals and actions to address local climate change impacts. The City of Niagara Falls would like to thank all those who contributed to the development of the Adaptation Plan and acknowledge the following individuals for their dedication to climate adaptation. 8 Page 290 of 610 9 Business Development Michael Warchala CAO and Mayor's Office Carey Campbell (Project Core Team) Cemetery Services Mark Richardson City Council Mike Strange & Victor Pietrangelo Corporate Services Dan Ane Engineering Kent Schachowskoj Fire and Emergency Services Jo Zambito Fleet Operations Ken Williams Human Resources Jason MacLean Municipal Works Erik Nickel (Project Core Team), Adam Allcock (Project Core Team) & Dwayne Edwards Planning, Building and Development Francesca Berardi Recreation, Culture and Facilities Jeff Guarasci Roadways/Parks Marianne Tikky Transportation Services Mat Bilodeau ICLEI Canada Team Lead by Rena Viehbeck, with input from Ewa Jackson, Robert Wilson, and Pavils Hawkins First Nations representatives Brian Kon Homelessness Committee representative (Gateway) Matt Dierickse Mayor’s Youth Advisory Committee Maddox Libera Niagara Falls Tourism Joel Noden Niagara Health System Amir Gill Niagara Parks Commission Steve Barnhart Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority (NPCA) Leilani Lee-Yates, Robert Foster Niagara Peninsula Energy (NPEI) Sue Forcier, Ethan Fahey Niagara Region Beatrice Perna Niagara Region Planning and Development Department Susan McPetrie Niagara Region Police Shaun Parrent Niagara Region Public Health Donna Mills Environmental Action Committee John Anstruther, Frank Fohr City of Niagara Falls Community Organizations Page 291 of 610 Message from the Mayor CLIMATE AD STRATECiY. 2023 We know our efforts to create a di mate adaptation plan in the City of Niagara Falls are necessary nd we are excited to start to implement needed changes and to continue to be proactive as we're mindful of climate impacts. Through our process. we have collabomted with community partners, businesses and residen to come up with a strategy that we c n odapt in the years to come. We know thatfhere are oth short ferrn wins and things we can focus on in the long term to support a healthy, thriving and vital environment for residents and visitors to Niagara Falls for the decades ahead. . - (1 ',) _.,..• ...-J.7 � Jim Dlodati Page 292 of 610 11 Glossary of Terms ADAPTATION Includes any initiatives or actions in response to actual or projected climate change impacts and which reduce the effects of climate change on built, natural, and social systems. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY The ability of built, natural, and social systems to adjust to climate change (including climate variability and extremes), to moderate potential damages, to take advantage of opportunities, or to cope with the consequences. CLIMATE The weather of a place averaged over a period of time, often 30 years. Climate information includes the statistical weather information that tells us about the normal weather, as well as the range of weather extremes for a location. CLIMATE CHANGE Refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean stake of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (decades or longer). Climate change seen today is due to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use. CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO A climate change scenario is the difference between a future climate scenario and the current climate. It is a simplified representation of future climate based on comprehensive scientific analyses of the potential consequences of anthropogenic climate change. It is meant to be a plausible representation of the future emissions based on a coherent and consistent set of assumptions about driving forces (such as demographic and socioeconomic development, technological change, etc.) and their key relationships. Page 293 of 610 12 CLIMATE IMPACT The effects of existing or forecasted changes in climate on built, natural, and human systems. One can distinguish between potential impacts (impacts that may occur, given a projected change in climate, without considering adaptation) and residual impacts (impacts of climate change that would occur after adaptation). CLIMATE PROJECTIONS Climate projections are predictions of the response of the climate system to emissions or concentration scenarios of greenhouse gases. These projections depend upon the climate change (or emission) scenario used, which are based on assumptions concerning future socioeconomic and technological developments that may or may not be realized and are therefore subject to uncertainty. EXTREME WEATHER EVENT Extreme weather includes unusual, severe, or unseasonal weather; weather at the extremes of the historical distribution seen in the past. An extreme weather event would normally occur very rarely or fall into the tenth percentile of probability. IMPACT STATEMENT Statements that outline locally relevant projected threats and how those changes are expected to affect the built, natural, social, and economic systems of the municipality. INFRASTRUCTURE The fundamental facilities and systems serving the city of Niagara Falls and its citizens including both green and grey infrastructure, such as transportation systems, utilities, public facilities, and urban trees. GREENHOUSE GAS A gas in the atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, causing the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Page 294 of 610 13 Natural and human-made infrastructure that address urban and climatic challenges, while providing other co-benefits, by building with nature. Green infrastructure can include natural heritage features and systems, parklands, storm-water management systems, street trees, urban forests, natural channels, natural permeable surfaces, and green roofs. GREY INFRASTRUCTURE Human-made traditional infrastructure such as sewers and pipes. LOW CARBON RESILIENCE The coordination of adaptation and mitigation strategies to reduce both greenhouse gas emissions and climate change impact risk and vulnerability. MITIGATION The promotion of policy, regulatory, and project-based measures that contribute to stabilization or reduction of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Renewable energy programs, energy efficiency frameworks, and substitution of fossil fuels are examples of climate change mitigation measures. RESILIENCE The capacity of a system, community, or society exposed to hazards to adapt by resisting or changing in order to reach and maintain an acceptable level of functioning and structure. RISK The combination of the likelihood of an event occurring and its negative consequences. Risk can be expressed as a function where Risk = likelihood x consequence. In this case, likelihood refers to the probability of a projected impact occurring and consequence refers to the known or estimated outcomes of a particular climate change impact. WEATHER The day-to-day state of the atmosphere and its short-term variation in minutes to weeks. Page 295 of 610 14 Introduction THE NEED FOR BOTH ADAPTATION & MITIGATION The impacts of climate change have been recognized as crucial issues in Canada, Ontario, and for the city of Niagara Falls. It is widely recognized that the impacts of climate change affect the services and infrastructure of local governments, and thus require both adaptation strategies to increase municipal resilience. Climate change adaptation refers to any initiative or action that seeks to reduce the vulnerability of social, economic, built, and natural systems to a changing climate. Adaptation efforts may focus on changing individual behaviours, updating municipal by-laws and policies, enhancing the capacity of physical infrastructure, and improving ecological services. A community-based adaptation approach can further support local governments in building resilience while reducing vulnerability via meaningful engagement of communities and residents throughout the entire process of adaptation. The co-creation of an adaptation plan ensures the important involvement of a wide range of community stakeholders, allowing for the collaborative co-development of a plan that addresses climate risks across multiple sectors and systems. This process also recognizes and aims to shift the power dynamics amongst decision-makers and other actors within the participatory process. Climate change mitigation refers to the implementation of policy, regulatory, and project-based measures that contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. These could include building retrofits to conserve energy, transitioning to low- carbon energy sources, and reducing car-dependency. Mitigation efforts are ultimately essential in protecting against climate change impacts by addressing the source of Page 296 of 610 15 the impacts themselves, and thus working to avoid potentially unmanageable consequences. Taking action on climate change will require a diversity of responses. While mitigation efforts work to contain the long-term impacts of climate change, adaptation measures are needed to address the climate change impacts now and in the short-term future. Adaptation does not replace or undermine mitigation efforts, but rather compliments local government efforts to protect and improve their long-term sustainability. In some instances, local governments can implement low carbon resilience actions which integrate both mitigation and adaptation approaches to both reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the vulnerabilities to the impacts of climate change in order to realize the co- benefits of their activities. RECENT EXTREME WEATHER IN NIAGARA FALLS The development of this plan responds to the projected increase in intensity and frequency of extreme weather events in Niagara Falls. Niagara Falls is vulnerable to more frequent extreme heat events, more frequent heavy precipitation and associated flooding risks and damages, and more extreme weather events. These pose threats to the natural environment, built infrastructure, and human health and wellbeing. Recent events in Niagara Falls include an increase in the frequency and temperatures of heatwaves, such as those experienced in 2018, 2020, 2021, and 2022. Extreme rain and flood events have been experienced in the Niagara Region nearly every year in the last 10 years, and have resulted in basement flooding, sewer backups, flooded agricultural lands and have caused road closures, infrastructure damage, shoreline erosion, overwhelmed sewer and stormwater systems, park and beach closures, and power outages. Additionally, the Niagara Region experienced a severe blizzard with freezing rain, heavy snowfall, wind gusts over 105-124km/h, storm surges on Lake Erie, and -20°C temperatures. Across the US border, in December of 2022, the Buffalo Region received nearly four feet of snow, hurricane force winds, whiteout conditions, and thousands of calls to emergency services over the course of four days. As Niagara Falls has already begun experiencing climate change impacts, the community is committed to reducing vulnerabilities and improving our resiliency. Page 297 of 610 16 POLICY DIRECTION ON ADAPTATION International Climate change affects all nations and regions of the world, making international agreements and intentions to address climate change imperative. The 2015 Paris Agreement is an international treaty signed by 195 countries, including Canada, that aims to limit increases in global temperatures to below 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. Not only are clear targets set to achieve this, but the agreement also outlines the goal of enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience, and reducing vulnerabilities of global climate change by individual signatory nations. Fulfilling the Paris Agreement relies on the governments, organizations, and citizens of each nation to take place-based actions through initiatives such as mitigation and adaptation policies and plans. The United Nations International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s Assessment Reports (AR), including the most recent Sixth Assessment report (AR6), provide climate change scenarios and the underlying socioeconomic contexts which may present challenges to mitigation and adaptation policies. The Shared Socio-Economic Pathways (SSP)s incorporate socioeconomic characteristics and other human-caused climate drivers (e.g., population growth, education levels, GDP growth, income inequality, use of technology, energy use, political contexts, land-use change) to derive scenarios that describe differing influences on greenhouse gas emissions. The AR6 incorporates new data, new models, and updated climate research from around the world to allow for a standardized comparison of society’s choices and their resulting levels of climate change. The IPCC’s AR6 – 2022 Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability states that: “Human-induced climate change, including more frequent and intense extreme events, has caused widespread adverse impacts and related losses and damages to nature and people, beyond natural climate variability. Some development and adaptation efforts have reduced vulnerability. Across sectors and regions the most vulnerable people and systems are observed to be disproportionately affected. The rise in weather and climate extremes has led to some irreversible impacts as natural and human systems are pushed beyond their ability to adapt (high confidence).” Federal In addition to signing onto the Paris Agreement, the Government of Canada has produced several policy documents that inform and guide decision-makers on climate change adaptation. Most recently, Canada’s first National Adaptation Strategy was released in June 2023 and outlines a shared path to a more climate-resilient Canada. This document sets out five common directions for action, which include; disaster resilience, health and wellbeing, nature and biodiversity, infrastructure, and economy and Page 298 of 610 17 workers. This whole-of-society blueprint guides action in Canada to better adapt to and prepare for the impacts of climate change and addresses key climate risks in Canada. The National Adaptation Strategy complements other national strategies that build resilience and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including Canada’s 2030 Emission Reduction Plan, National Housing Strategy, Poverty Reduction Strategy, Canadian Wildland Fire Strategy, the Emergency Management Strategy for Canada, and others. The Strategy was developed over several years with the involvement of provincial, territorial, and municipal governments, Indigenous Peoples, and other key partners. The new National Adaptation Strategy will coordinate efforts and investments to ensure climate adaptation actions are taken across the country. Provincial The Government of Ontario’s A Made-in-Ontario Environment Plan addresses climate change through both mitigation and adaptation strategies. These strategies include emissions performance standards and regulations to reduce emissions from the transportation sector, programs to enhance and expand public transit networks, funding for extreme weather resistant infrastructure, a province-wide multi- sector provincial climate change impact assessment, and the Protecting People and Property: Ontario’s Flooding Strategy to reduce flood risk. Additionally, the Provincial Policy Statement has been updated to include direction for planning authorities to prepare for the impacts of a changing climate, climate change decision-making in land- use and development policy, and enhancements for storm water management policies for climate resilience. Regional In early 2023, the Niagara Region completed a corporate greenhouse gas emission inventory using 2018 data—the most recent year for which comprehensive energy and emissions data is available—to establish its baseline year. This inventory looked at energy consumption, energy expenditure and emissions generated and provided forecasting and trend analysis. This process was undertaking using the Partners for Climate Protection (PCP) program, which is a partnership between ICLEI Canada and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM). This first milestone of creating an inventory is the first of a five- milestone program. The Niagara Region is now also looking at undertaking an adaptation planning process for the region using the same Building Adaptive and Resilient Communities (BARC) framework as the City of Niagara Falls. Page 299 of 610 THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS The National Adaptation Strategy recognizes the important role of municipalities in implementing climate solutions on a local level throughout the country. While federal and provincial governments provide strategic focus, standards, and potential funding streams for adaptation, it is local governments who tailor climate change adaptation strategies to their local circumstances and to the unique set of climate change impacts they already experience and are projected to face in the future. It is widely recognized that the impacts of climate change affect the services and infrastructure of local governments and has the potential to affect all City departments. Thus, municipal governments have a unique interest and opportunity in planning to adapt to climate change and already possess many of the tools necessary to increase resilience, such as emergency response groups, standards, codes, and official plans. Ontario’s 2014 Provincial Policy Statement references climate change in a number of policies and mandates local planning authorities to support climate change adaptation through land use and development decisions. Through the development of this Adaptation Plan the City of Niagara Falls is upholding this local government responsibility to ensure optimal wellbeing for the entire community. 18 Page 300 of 610 Our Approach Municipalities of all sizes across Canada are employing planning processes to adapt to the realities of climate change. Adaptation plans must be relevant to local circumstances, resources, and capacity. The adaptation planning process has been supported by ICLEI Canada and a core City team out of the Municipal Works Department and Mayor and CAO’s Office. A Niagara Falls climate change working group was formed to provide input into the development of the community’s Adaptation Plan from February to August 2023 and consisted of a dedicated network of community members, organizations, City staff and stakeholders. The Adaptation Plan development process also included targeted engagement with the business community. THE BARC METHODOLOGY & PROCESS Development of the Adaptation Plan was guided by ICLEI Canada’s Building Adaptive and Resilience Communities (BARC) Framework. BARC is a five-milestone planning framework for communities aimed at preparing them for the impacts of climate change. BARC is a comprehensive planning methodology that guides users through areas of research and climate impact identification, vulnerability and risk assessment, plan development, implementation planning, and monitoring and review strategies. This Canadian-designed program is flexible in its ability to adjust to the needs and circumstances of each community with a goal to protect the people, property, and prosperity of a community. It uses a systems approach to municipal climate change adaptation and has been used by hundreds of municipalities throughout Canada. The development of this Adaptation Plan completed the first three of the milestones. 19 Page 301 of 610 Collaborative Approach BARC, is at its core is a collaborative process that derives information through a bottom-up process where the people participating are core to identifying what projected climate change actually will result in locally. Enhancing awareness and building capacity are cornerstones to the BARC approach to climate adaptation planning, bringing together key community stakeholders, municipal decision-makers, and cross-jurisdictional partners to co-develop Niagara Falls’ Adaptation Plan. The climate change impacts, goals, and actions presented in this plan have been centred on workshops and engagement activities that leveraged the expertise and local knowledge to ensure that the overall plan aligns with existing organizational priorities and can be integrated within departmental functions. These collaborative efforts have been instrumental to strengthen existing partnerships, to draw on community expertise, and to identify where additional engagement may be required to implement the adaptation actions identified. This strong collaborative approach builds climate action momentum and was followed to ensure: • Local knowledge and experience integration; • Involvement of decision-makers and City staff, and stakeholder engagement throughout the process; • Reflection of the practical needs and fiscal realities of the city; and • Integration of actions into existing plans and policies. Milestone One: Initiate Within this milestone, the project core team was created and worked to identify stakeholders to be involved in the working group. The project’s scope and stakeholder roles were clarified. The project core team also reviewed existing initiatives and knowledge related to climate change impacts. Milestone Two: Research The second milestone developed the community’s understanding of climate change impacts. A Climate Science Report (see the Appendix B) was developed that looked closely at the projected changes in the local climate including increases in temperature and temperature variability, changes in precipitation, and increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events. Armed with this data on projected climate threats the project working group identified a list of impacts across four broad systems; built infrastructure, natural environment, social, and economic. The impact long-list, which for Niagara Falls included 65 impacts and 12 potential opportunities, was then refined into concise impact statements that include the climate trend, the outcome, and the consequence. The refined 38 impacts statements were then prioritized using a vulnerability assessment followed by a risk assessment, which brought the number of impact statements first down to 26 and then finally to 19 high priority impacts to Niagara Falls. 20 Page 302 of 610 This research phase of the BARC process included two-in person workshops, one online survey, and several individual follow ups in order to identify and prioritize which impacts Niagara Falls is particularly susceptible to. Milestone Three: Plan The third milestone established a vision for the Adaptation Plan, set goals, identified actions, and examined current local initiatives to build upon. Numerous engagement opportunities were held in Niagara Falls during this milestone including; a goal and action setting workshop, a business breakfast, a City Senior Leadership team meeting and associated worksheet, and several individual follow ups. Implementation schedules were then drafted to include details including; monitoring metrics and baseline data, financing and budget, involvement and responsibilities of organizations/departments, and timeline. The implementation schedules were developed over one action validation and three focused implementation detail virtual workshops, as well as numerous individual follow up engagements. Throughout this milestone actions and their details were reviewed, refined and analyzed for their ability to build on existing initiatives and that address prioritized impacts by the project team. The drafting and development of this Adaptation Plan completes this milestone. Milestone Four: Implement In the fourth milestone, communities work to ensure that they have the approval and support of council, municipal staff, and the community in order to move forward on implementation. Communities will also make sure they have the appropriate implementation tools to ensure the ongoing success of the Plan. Milestone Five: Monitor & Review The fifth and final milestone serves to assess whether the goals and actions of the Plan have been achieved, and serves to identify any problems that have been encountered and develop solutions. Additionally, the fifth milestone helps communities communicate their progress to City Council and the broader community. 21 Page 303 of 610 22 Climate Science & Impacts It has long been identified by scientific evidence that the global climate is changing at rates quicker than ever before. Human activity is the cause of rising concentrations of heat- trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which align with long term, exponential trends of increases in global average temperatures since the 1800s. This kind of rapid warming leads to many other effects as warmer air contains more moisture than cooler air, which provides “fuel” for extreme events. All areas of the world have already been or will be affected by climate change, including Canada. In fact, Canada’s rate of warming over the last seven decades has been almost double that of global averages over the same period. Canada’s average annual over land surface air temperatures have warmed by 1.7℃ since 1948. Canada has also experienced increases in average annual precipitation by 16% from 1950-2010, and more so since then. These changes and others will lead to more and longer heat waves, torrential rainstorms, windstorms, drought, and extreme wildfires. Although these changes and their impacts are felt to varying degrees across the country, Ontario and the Niagara Falls area are already experiencing many of these impacts. CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS FOR THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS Information throughout this section is derived from the Niagara Falls Climate Science Report (Appendix B), which used data from Climatedata.ca. Temperature Temperatures in the Niagara Falls region are expected to rise, aligning with the Ontario projection of a 4.8℃ average temperature increase by the end of the century1. More specifically, Niagara Falls is expected to experience an average temperature increase of 2.4℃ in the immediate future and as much as a 4.6℃ increase by 20802. This coincides with average summer temperatures rising to 30.3℃ in the near future (2051-2080). This prediction does not include warming due to the humidex, which can make temperatures feel an additional 5-10℃ warmer3. Overall, the number of extreme heat days in summers (when the maximum temperature is 30℃ or greater) are expected to increase in Niagara Falls from 11 to 60 days in the 2051-2080 period – a six-fold increase by 20804. Days reaching or exceeding 30℃ pose threats to community Page 304 of 610 23 health from heat-related illnesses. This includes heat cramps, heat edema, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. Heat-related illnesses can manifest quickly and can lead to long-term health problems and even death. Additionally, specific groups, such as outdoor workers, infants and youth, adults above the age of 65, those with chronic medical conditions, people experiencing homelessness, people participating in outdoor sports or activities, and those with limited mobility may be more adversely affected by extreme heat5. The increase in average temperatures includes warmer winters and less extreme cold days. This has implications for life in Niagara Falls as extreme cold temperatures affect health and safety, determine what plants and animals live in the area, limit or enable outdoor activities, dictate building and vehicle design, and shape transportation and energy use. Frost days (when the minimum temperature is below 0℃) and ice days (when the maximum temperature is below 0℃) are both expected to decrease. Among other impacts, this may affect the survival and spread of ticks and Lyme disease, as ticks can thrive in temperatures above 4℃ and delays in cold weather can extend the duration of their activity6. Less extreme cold temperatures also implies that there is a decrease in freeze-thaw cycle days (when the minimum temperature is below 0℃ and the maximum temperature is above 0℃ on the same day). On these days, water on the surface can transition between water and ice. Freezing, melting, and refreezing can greatly damage roadways, sidewalks, and other outdoor infrastructure. Therefore, a decrease in these conditions can reduce instances of potholes or other such damages. Precipitation Overall, precipitation across Canada has increased by approximately 20% over the past 50 years7. The intensity of this change is felt to varying degrees across the country, with Ontario experiencing less dramatic changes in precipitation patterns compared to other regions such as Northern Canada. Accordingly, by the end of the century Niagara Falls is expected to experience greater precipitation accumulations seasonally, with the most intense increases during spring and winter. Combined with relatively steady summer rainfall and projected increases in summer temperatures and longer heatwaves, increased instances of summer drought are expected. As with all climate impacts, the severity of these projections depends on the amount of future greenhouse gas emissions. In a high emissions scenario, from the baseline average annual precipitation of 840 mm, Niagara Falls can expect to experience an average annual precipitation increase of 84 mm from 2021-2050 and 123 mm from 2051-20808. This is contrasted by a less noticeable 25 mm increase from 2021-2050 and 42 mm from 2051-2080 in a low emissions scenario9. Extreme Weather Canada’s most frequent or intense extreme weather events on record have been experienced in the last 50-60 years. This includes extreme heat days, precipitation events and Page 305 of 610 flooding, wind storms, wildfires, and ice storms. In the last 40 years, extreme weather events have resulted in $31 billion of damages in Canada and $5 trillion globally10. These economic burdens are certain to continue to increase, should the expected intensification of extreme weather events materialize. It will be necessary for more resources to be allocated to addressing damage to infrastructure and critical services, economic and industry productivity, and the health of vulnerable populations11. Heavy and extreme rain events are the most pronounced weather changes in Niagara Falls and are expected to become increasingly intense and frequent12. As Southern Ontario is the most intensely urbanized area in the province, the costs of insured and uninsured damages associated with flooding is significantly higher than elsewhere in Ontario13. In the Niagara region, extreme rain and flood events have already been increasing over the last 10 years. Heavy precipitation days (when at least 10 mm of rain or frozen precipitation falls) are expected to continue to increase, reaching an average of 30 days annually from 2051-208014. These increases in extreme precipitation events coincide with changes in freezing rain patterns and occurrences. A study by the Meteorological Service of Canada and the Science and Technology branch of Environment and Climate Change Canada finds an increase in the percentage of freezing rain mostly during January in this region, and secondarily during December and February15. Overall, severe freezing events (when there is freezing rain for longer than 6 hours per day) are projected to increase 30% by 210016. 24 Page 306 of 610 Overview of climate change projections for the city of Niagara Falls Temperature Mean temperatures will increase annually and in every season, and temperature extremes will become more severe. Precipitation Annual precipitation will increase and winter and spring will become significantly wetter. Summer precipitation will remain similar, however, paired with increased temperatures, will result in drought conditions. Extreme Weather Precipitation events, such as freezing rain events for > 6 hrs/day, will increase 30% by 2100 and wi ll become more intense. Heavy rainfall days are also projected to increase. + 4.6°C Annual Mean Temperature +49 Extreme Hot Days + 4.4°c Summer Mean Temperature +96mm Annual Mean Precipitation +4 Heavy Rainfall Days +44mm Winter Mean Precipitation + Frequency Faster Falling Precipitation + Intensity More Intense Short Storms Short Du ration Quicker Return of Storms Page 307 of 610 PRIORITY IMPACTS FOR THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS The City of Niagara Falls is committed to advancing climate change adaptation planning to reduce vulnerabilities, minimize threats to our environment, lifestyle, economy, governance, and overall quality of life, and holistically improve resilience. Given the aforementioned climate change projections, priority impacts for Niagara Falls have been identified by assessing risks associated with Temperature-Related Priority Impacts temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather changes. 65 potential climate change impacts were identified by the project working group. Through a refinement process, a vulnerability assessment and a risk assessment a final list of 19 impacts received a risk score of medium-low or higher. Of these impacts, seven are related to temperature, seven to precipitation, and five to extreme weather. TEMP1 Increase in annual temperature and shifting ecozones resulting in additional stress to ecologically sensitive areas, migratory species, managed vegetation, and biodiversity loss. TEMP2 Increased average summer temperatures and extreme heat days (>30 C) resulting in increased demand for indoor facilities with air conditioning (hospitals, libraries, etc.) shaded outdoor spaces especially for vulnerable populations. TEMP3 Increased frequency and duration of hot days (>30 C), leading to health and safety risks (e.g. domestic violence/violent altercations, cardiovascular disorders, heat stress, food-borne/water-borne illnesses, etc.) to vulnerable populations (e.g. seniors, women, children, those with chronic health conditions, temporary foreign workers, those without AC, etc.). TEMP4 Increased frequency and duration of hot days (>30 C), resulting in project delays, reduced productivity (e.g. from heat stress to workers) and increased need to redesign infrastructure to adhere to higher resilience standards (i.e. more research, staff capacity, cost, etc.). TEMP5 Increased frequency and duration of hot days (>30 C), causing reduced air quality leading to health and safety risks especially for vulnerable populations (e.g. seniors, women, children, those with chronic health conditions, temporary foreign workers, etc.). 26 Page 308 of 610 27 TEMP6 Increase in hot days over 30 °C leading to heat stress on outdoor workers (e.g. City staff, agriculture and construction workers, etc.), those who use active transportation for mobility, and outdoor recreational activities (e.g. watersports, hikers, etc.) TEMP7 Increased frequency and duration of hot days (>30 C), and no change in precipitation, resulting in deterioration of and increased maintenance requirements for roads, culverts, water mains, sidewalks, trails, parking lots, and public spaces (arenas, pools, etc.). Precipitation-Related Priority Impacts PRECIP1 Increase in freezing rain occurrences requiring more salt use on roads, resulting in an increase in the amount of salt in water systems, soil, and stormwater ponds, and negatively affecting ecosystems. PRECIP2 Increased frequency and intensity of precipitation and rapid increase in river water level resulting in increased erosion of riverbanks and hillsides, loss of riparian habitat and reducing water quality. PRECIP3 Increase in water and air temperatures resulting in increased evaporation of wetlands and no change in precipitation amount negatively affecting wetland species. PRECIP4 Increase in intensity of precipitation resulting in damaged vegetation, either from impact of precipitation, flooding, or inability for plants to access water that runs off in a short period of time (e.g., trees, vineyards, etc.) PRECIP5 Increase in flash flooding occurrences overwhelming the sewage system resulting in stormwater system failures that cause damage to buildings and assets and negatively affect the health of humans and ecosystems. PRECIP6 Increased spring, fall, winter precipitation leading to increased frequency of flooding resulting in damage to buildings, homes, ecosystems and built infrastructure such as bridges and roadways. PRECIP7 Hotter summers and no change in precipitation amount resulting in damaged or dead vegetation, including trees, reducing their benefits and increasing maintenance and replacement costs. Page 309 of 610 28 Extreme Weather-Related Priority Impacts EXT1 Increased extreme weather events resulting in damage to urban forest and green spaces (e.g., trees, bushes, etc.) resulting in a loss of ecosystem services and a decrease in biodiversity. EXT2 Increased frequency/intensity of extreme weather events resulting in more frequent vehicle accidents and property damage leading to increased legal, financial, and insurance implications. EXT3 Increased extreme weather resulting in damage and disruption to critical infrastructure causing an increase in service needs (EMS, municipal operations, transportation). EXT4 Increased extreme weather events resulting in tree damage leading to downed power lines, utility distribution issues, and increased costs to maintain power infrastructure. EXT5 Increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, including freezing rain, resulting in unsafe road conditions leading to difficulty enacting emergency protocols and increased maintenance, fleet scheduling challenges, labour costs, etc. Page 310 of 610 29 Vision Niagara Falls will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and be a resilient, climate- ready city working proactively to promote sustainable practices, preserve and enhance our natural beauty and assets, and take continued action to support residents and visitors to adapt to climate change. The intent of this Adaptation Plan is to provide strategic direction to the City and community of Niagara Falls in order to achieve the vision and become a climate- ready city. Page 311 of 610 Themes, Goals & Actions The following section presents themed-groupings of the goals and actions identified to address each of the prioritized climate impacts in Niagara Falls. The goals and supporting actions in this Adaptation Plan are the fundamental pieces of the path forward for Niagara Falls to move closer to our vision of a climate resilient and low carbon community. The five themes are interconnected and are one way to relate the goals and actions into our community’s vision. The themes, in most cases, mirror the five themes in Canada’s National Adaptation Strategy and are; Nature & Biodiversity, Infrastructure, Health & Wellbeing, Economy & Workers and Resilient Governance. The goals break down the broad Adaptation Plan vision into more theme-specific outcomes we want to achieve in Niagara Falls. The 41 actions include those that will build a climate-ready Niagara Falls and address the 19 prioritized climate change impacts. Many of the actions build upon current initiatives within the city, including those that are perhaps not labelled as ‘climate action’. A focus on the Adaptation Plan is to align current resources to increase the resilience of the community and strengthen policies, develop new programs or practices where gaps exist, work collaboratively amongst partners, and undertake the steps necessary to integrate climate action as a core function of the community. Those actions that will also address low- carbon and mitigation goals are indicated with a climate mitigation icon. Action implementation details and considerations, including supporting actions are included in the Adaptation Plan’s appendices under the Implementation Schedules. 30 Page 312 of 610 31 NATURE & BIODIVERSITY Goal: To foster the resilience of Niagara Falls' natural landscape to ongoing changes in climate and enhance its value in providing both climate change adaptation and mitigation benefits Action 1 Integrate and align regional management of the urban forest, parks, open spaces and natural features with City plans, policies and procedures. Action 2 Complete the development of the City’s Urban Forest Strategy and implement its recommendations. Action 3 Enhance partnerships and engage the community to protect, plant and maintain plants, especially those that are native and climate resilient, including through academic research, educational events, tree programs, planting initiatives and through media. Goal: To integrate the management of the urban forest, parks, o pen spaces and natural features into City plans, policies and procedures Action 4 Enhance naturalization of buffer zones around waterways and wetlands, including stormwater ponds. Action 5 Identify opportunities to expand natural assets and low-impact development as alternatives to traditional grey infrastructure. Action 6 Identify opportunities to better protect existing natural assets such as tree canopy, green spaces, wetlands, rivers, and floodplains as part of a stormwater management plan. Action 7 Continue to update IDF curves with most up to date modelling and update/build infrastructure in accordance with the latest data. Action 8 Work in partnership to ensure that Niagara Falls’ watersheds are protected and enhanced in the face of climate threats and address emerging water issues. Page 313 of 610 INFRASTRUCTURE Goal: To design, construct, and maintain physical infrastructure that is resilient to climate impacts while considering affordability, energy efficiency, natural assets, and reduction in greenhouse gasses Action 9 Ensure infrastructure risk assessments include climate change considerations and buildings are built or retrofitted accordingly, using best practices in the design, construction, and maintenance to minimize service disruptions and increase resilience. Action 10 Improve the resilience and sustainability of transportation infrastructure. Action 11 Identify opportunities and resources to include carbon reductions and climate resilience in buildings when new builds and retrofits or renovations are planned, including updates to building envelope, flood reduction measures, and site level energy generation. Goal: To manage land use that ensures that community assets and livelihoods are sustainable, counter urban-sprawl, optimize existing infrastructure, enhance neighbourhood connections and are resilient to the impacts of climate change Action 12 Develop 'Green Design Guidelines' and update Engineering Design Standards for new developments and retrofits that include low-impact development and green infrastructure to manage heat and flooding. Action 13 Review zoning by-laws to encourage densification that will provide net energy and land savings and conserve or enhance ecological functions. Action 14 Update parking lot bylaws to reduce parking requirements and require a minimum amount of permeable surface and green infrastructure and trees in order to provide on-site stormwater management and shade, and promote alternative transportation. 32 Page 314 of 610 33 Action 17 Identify at-risk energy and communication infrastructure and opportunities to increase resilience to power outages as a result of increased demand or extreme weather. Action 18 Undertake a greenhouse gas inventory and undertake actions to reduce GHG emissions from corporate and community energy sources, working off of the Region’s recently completed corporate GHG inventory. Action 19 Monitor peak energy consumption to better understand how strategies to mitigate brown and blackouts can be implemented. Action 15 Identify and preserve land for future green spaces through the Official Plan and By-laws. Action 16 Integrate natural assets into the City’s asset management plans. Goal: To ensure energy supply and infrastructure is sufficient, affordable, net -zero and resilient to weather-related disruptions Page 315 of 610 34 HEALTH & WELLBEING Goal: To build a resilient and sustainable local food system that promotes social justice and supports local production, storage, processing, sale and distribution of food Action 19 Monitor peak energy consumption to better understand how strategies to mitigate brown and blackouts can be implemented. Goal: To improve social connectedness of residents to their community and to organizations to minimize and better manage climate-related health and safety risks Action 21 Improve community connection opportunities in collaboration with local organizations so that members are supported and more resilient during extreme weather events. Goal: To ensure all have access to cooling during heat events Action 22 Establish maximum-temperature by-law and air-quality standards for rental and multi-unit properties. Action 23 Expand access to existing cooling and warming centres for use during other extreme weather events such as flooding and power outages and extend hours of operation. Action 24 Work with businesses and organizations to identify and promote cooling spaces for tourists. Action 25 Identify opportunities to retrofit existing City corporate buildings and assets with air conditioning and air filters to combat extreme heat and air quality impacts. Action 26 Develop specific strategies and resources to support those in need of housing, medical and social support services during extreme weather. Action 27 Work with local school boards to enhance the cooling abilities of all schools. Page 316 of 610 35 Action 28 Review and update policies, procedures, and training to ensure Niagara Falls staff and emergency responders are safe during extreme weather conditions. Goal: To improve outdoor and indoor air quality Action 29 Identify and promote the use of technology to improve indoor air quality in homes and businesses, and the value of trees to improve outdoor air quality (during heat and wildfire smoke events). Page 317 of 610 36 ECONOMY & WORKERS Goal: To support businesses to becoming resilient to the impacts of climate change through clear guidance and resources Action 30 Communicate business-specific strategies to build resilience to extreme weather events. Action 31 Develop a business community climate best practices working group to develop and deliver business level risk assessments, emergency plans, and retrofit funding opportunities (heat pumps, renewable retrofits, building envelope enhancements, etc.). Action 32 Expand upon federal/provincial guidelines for safe working conditions for workers exposed to extreme weather using best practices. Page 318 of 610 37 RESILIENT GOVERNANCE Goal: To integrate climate change adaptation into operational procedures as well as land-use, financial, and strategic planning Action 33 Systematically incorporate climate consideration into the City's Official, Strategic, Asset Management and Financial Plans. Action 34 Develop a coordinating structure to implement and report on the plan. Goal: To work with local, provincial and federal partners to prepare for, respond and recover effectively from sustained and/or multiple extreme events Action 35 Create a climate working group with federal, provincial, regional, and indigenous governments, as well as businesses and community networks to improve the ability of Niagara Falls to prepare for, respond to, and recover from extreme weather events. Action 36 Update emergency response plan to include expected climate hazards (such as extreme heat, flooding and storms). Action 37 Continue to promote emergency preparedness week and 72-hour emergency kits. Action 38 Work with Niagara Region, Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority, Niagara Region Public Health, and municipalities within the Region to better understand roles and responsibilities, fill gaps in data collection, and expand sharing agreements in order to improve response to extreme weather events and increase efficiency of service delivery. Page 319 of 610 38 Action 39 Develop a climate adaptation and mitigation communications strategy that focuses on actions one can take. Action 40 Identify financing opportunities to support climate resilience and mitigation efforts. Action 41 Increase budgets to strengthen tree and natural infrastructure protection, planting and maintenance Action 41 Integrate and align regional management of the urban forest, parks, open spaces and natural features with City plans, policies and procedures. Goal: To support the community through education on how to prepare for, respond to, and recover from extreme weather events Goal: To identify project-specific and ongoing funding for climate projects that are in line with financial planning Page 320 of 610 39 OPPORTUNITIES Adaptation planning can increase benefits and reduce risks associated with climate change impacts. Through proactive action, Niagara Falls can achieve its climate adaptation goals and simultaneously realize a host of community benefits including economic development, community health and wellness, and the continued development of a sustainable and liveable city over decades to come. Climate adaptation is an opportunity to drive sustainable development by combining synergies between different levels of governments, private partners, and local residents. Key findings from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Reports predict that climate change impacts will have significant effects on migration flow and patterns of investment. If Niagara Falls can show that it is climate-ready, it can capitalize on the opportunity to attract businesses, people, and investments. With the development of this plan the City will also become well-positioned to access potential sources of funding from the federal and provincial governments in the future. Additionally, a few potential opportunities were identified by the project working group that could arise from the projected climate changes in Niagara Falls: • Increase in annual temperatures creating a longer growing season resulting in opportunities to grow different crops and extend the growing season. • Increase in winter temperatures resulting in a change in species range and opportunity to plant an increasing diversity of species. • Increase in annual temperatures resulting in an extended fair weather tourism season and increasing revenue for businesses. • Increase in precipitation resulting in greater hydro- energy generation opportunities. • Increased average summer temperatures and extreme heat days (>30 C), resulting in an increase for services that cool people down such as ice cream, splash pads and falls misting opportunities. • Increasing annual temperatures resulting in reduced snowpack and less spring flooding (freshet events). • Increased annual temperatures resulting in less snow removal needs and salt usage, reducing associated costs. • Increase in annual temperature resulting in longer outdoor sport seasons (e.g. golf, baseball, tennis, soccer, etc.) Page 321 of 610 40 Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation IMPLEMENTATION Niagara Falls is well-positioned to adapt to the challenges of climate change. With strong leadership, collaboration, and dedicated resources, Niagara Falls can become a climate- ready city. This Adaptation Plan, including the Implementation Schedules, provides the roadmap to make this happen. The Adaptation Plan is a long-term initiative that will require participation and engagement across City departments and community stakeholders in order to successfully achieve the vision. The Adaptation Plan is intended to be a living document that will be further refined as the City moves forward into the implementation phase of Milestone Four of the BARC process. Details and prioritization of the actions may change to reflect the existing procedures, decision-making processes, evaluation, annual review, and external factors. Best practices, internal structures, and collaboration will inform successful implementation of the actions that are presented in the Adaptation Plan. Implementation Schedules Preliminary implementation schedules have been developed that outline the necessary steps and considerations to execute our adaptation actions. The schedules were developed through consultation with City staff and various external stakeholders, and is subject to staff availability and budgetary considerations. Notably, actions aimed at high- risk impacts could require more resources, meaning that higher priority doesn't always translate to immediate implementation. The implementation schedules do not delve into the specifics of how each initiative will be carried out. In some cases, further studies and detailed program design will be necessary. Moreover, it is important to note that the schedules are not rigid. They are part of a dynamic, living document that will evolve in response to new data, newly identified adaptation priorities, and new funding opportunities. The implementation schedule scan be found in Appendix A and includes the following for each action. • Supporting Actions: Actions to help support the implementation of the action, that are already underway, or that are smaller steps to achieve a larger action. • Immediate Next Steps: Immediate, specific next step(s) that would need to happen to begin implementation. Page 322 of 610 41 • Involved Organization(s) and or City Department(s) – The department(s)/organization(s) needed to implement the action. Leads (L) are indicated where possible to indicate a convener or undertaker of the action. • Time Scale: When implementation would begin in the context of Quick-Win (QW) (<1 year), Short-Term (ST) (1-3 years), and Long-Term (LT) (4-5 years). • Monitoring Metric and Baseline: Metric to monitor the action and evaluate progress. These indicators will likely focus on processes that measure progress MONITORING Monitoring and review are an essential part of the adaptation planning process. To ensure the effectiveness of our Adaptation Plan, it is important that we keep a close eye on our progress and build in opportunities to examine the lessons learned and recalibrate actions, as well as integrate emerging knowledge into our strategies. Through this process of continuous learning and adjustment, we ensure our strategies stay effective and relevant, even as climate conditions evolve. Keeping track of our progress not only lets us see if our strategies are working as intended, but it also gives us the chance to share and celebrate in our achievements as we collectively navigate our way towards a more resilient future. towards the achievement of an outcome (e.g. policies created, funding secured) as opposed to outcome indicators which demonstrate that an objective has been achieved. Prioritize indicators/measures that are already being collected where relevant. • Priority Impact Addressed: Identification of the prioritized impact(s) that this action addresses including TEMP (refers to impacts that are primarily temperature related), RECIP (refers to impacts that are primarily precipitation related), and EXT (refers to impacts that are primarily extreme weather related). Indicators This Plan uses two types of indicators: process-based and outcome-based. Process-based indicators help measure progress towards our specific targets, tasks or activities. On the other hand, outcome-based indicators help measure whether the expected changes and benefits of our actions are being achieved. While the Adaptation Plan uses many process-based indicators, outcome-based indicators will be utilized where applicable. This is especially the case when there can be alignment with indicators that the City or community is already tracking. Page 323 of 610 42 EVALUATION A five-year Adaptation Plan has been recommended to guide future implementation, monitoring and evaluation activities. This five-year formal review will culminate in a review of the Adaptation Plan’s impacts, goals and actions. This process would involve using the first three milestones of the BARC process again in order to complete project working group engagement, a formal science review, impact identification, vulnerability and risk assessments, and a review of goals and actions. During those five-years of implementation an annual report on progress, challenges and prioritized next steps will be brought forward to the City’s Senior Leadership Team and the Project Working Group members. A more formal report to the community and City Council will take place with every second year’s report. Progress will be reported on from a consistent baseline year of 2023. Reporting will be undertaken by the project’s core team until such time as a designated climate change staff person is assigned. Action monitoring considerations, identified in each Action Implementation Schedule will be used to help communicate progress trends. Prioritization of actions is expected to change from year to year based on existing decision-making processes, evaluation, annual review, budget, and external factors. Page 324 of 610 43 Conclusion The city of Niagara Falls has made significant strides in adaptation through the development of the Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan. Maintaining the momentum that has been developed through the co- development of the Adaptation Plan will be essential and will require committing to the implementation of its actions through the allocation of resources, governance, and monitoring. As we continue to anticipate changes to federal and provincial policies and funding opportunities, understand the continued lived experience of the impacts of climate change, and see advancements in technology over the Adaptation Plan's five-year duration, it will be necessary for the plan to be regularly monitored, modified, and reviewed. This flexibility will enable Niagara Falls to adapt and seize new opportunities that may emerge, without being limited to predetermined guidelines. This Adaptation Plan sets forth a clear path to achieve the vision it set of reducing Niagara Falls’ greenhouse gas emissions and being a resilient, climate-ready. Page 325 of 610 44 Call to Action Can you be an action supporter? Not only can you look for ways to work with community organizations to implement actions in this plan, you can also implement resilience building actions at home, work or in your neighbourhood. • Champion the action • Provide needed data or reports • Create a resource • Host a meeting or an event • Seek funding • Research or gather information • Recruit volunteers and be a volunteer • Provide resources • Distribute information • Attend a meeting or event • Promote Climate-Ready Actions Prepare before and stay safe during and after an extreme weather event. • Work with the Conservation Authority to identify whether your property is vulnerable to flooding and what you can do to protect it • Have an emergency plan and discuss your plan with employees/family/friends to prepare everyone • Have 72-hour emergency information and kits ready • Understand your flood insurance coverage and have a detailed and up-to-date inventory of your assets • Prepare for heat with building and property upgrades where applicable • Install a rain garden and increase natural vegetation • Have backup transportation routes and options • Monitor and make plans for poor air quality • Have a backup power generation plan • Locate nearby cooling/heating centres • Make a list of resources and service providers accessible to you in case of emergency need for housing, social, or medical services Greenhouse Gas Reduction Actions Reduce your impact on the climate. • Install a programmable thermostat • Fix More, Less Trash & Refuse and Reuse • Increase active and public transportation use. Reduce car and plane travel. • Eat more leftovers and less meat • Swap out natural gas appliances for electric • Upgrade to 100% renewables Page 326 of 610 References 1 Bush, E., & Lemmen, D. S. (Eds.). (2019). Canada’s Changing Climate Report. Government of Canada. http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2019/eccc/En4-368-2019-eng.pdf 2 From Niagara Falls Climate Science Report, page 11, climatedata.ca 3 From Niagara Falls Climate Science Report, page 14, climatedata.ca 4 From Niagara Falls Climate Science Report, page 15, climatedata.ca 5 Health Canada. (2011). Adapting to Extreme Heat Events: Guidelines for Assessing Health Vulnerability. Ottawa, ON. Retrieved from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/climat/adapt/index-eng.php 6 Alberta Health. (2019). Lyme disease tick surveillance. Retrieved from https://www.alberta.ca/lyme-disease-tick- surveillance.aspx 7 Natural Resources Canada. (2019) Canada in a Changing Climate. https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/energy/Climate-change/pdf/CCCR_FULLREPORT-EN-FINAL.pdf Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON. p.156. 8 From Niagara Falls Climate Science Report, page 20, climatedata.ca 9 From Niagara Falls climate science report, table on page 20, climatedata.ca 10 Feltmate, B. and M. Moudrak. 2021. Climate Change and the Preparedness of 16 Major Canadian Cities to Limit Flood Risk. Intact Centre on Climate Adaptation, University of Waterloo 11 Ibid 12 Chiotti, Q. and Lavender, B. (2008): Ontario; in From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate, 2007, edited by D.S. Lemmen, F.J. Warren, J. Lacroix and E. Bush; Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, p. 227-274. 13 Feltmate, B. and M. Moudrak. 2021. Climate Change and the Preparedness of 16 Major Canadian Cities to Limit Flood Risk. Intact Centre on Climate Adaptation, University of Waterloo 14 Niagara Falls Climate Science Report, page 22, climatedata.ca 15 Chad Shouquan Cheng , Guilong Li & Heather Auld (2011) Possible Impacts of Climate Change on Freezing Rain Using Downscaled Future Climate Scenarios: Updated for Eastern Canada, Atmosphere-Ocean, 49:1, 8-21, DOI: 10.1080/07055900.2011.555728 16 Niagara Falls Climate Science Report, page 24, climatedata.ca 45 Page 327 of 610 Appendices Page 328 of 610 Appendix A: Action Implementation Schedules Page 329 of 610 48 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACTION IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES DEFINITIONS.................................................................................................................. 51 NATURE & BIODIVERSITY .......................................................................................................................................................... 52 GOAL: TO FOSTER THE RESILIENCE OF NIAGARA FALLS' NATURAL LANDSCAPE TO ONGOING CHANGES IN CLIMATE AND ENHANCE ITS VALUE IN PROVIDING BOTH CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION BENEFITS ..................................................................................................................................... 52 ACTION 1 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52 ACTION 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54 ACTION 3 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55 GOAL: TO ENSURE THAT WATER RESOURCES IN THE LOCAL WATERSHED ARE RESILIENT, PROTECTED AND ENHANCED THROUGH THE ENGAGEMENT OF VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 57 ACTION 4 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 57 ACTION 5 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59 ACTION 6 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60 ACTION 7 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 62 ACTION 8 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 63 INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................................................................................................................. 65 GOAL: TO DESIGN, CONSTRUCT, AND MAINTAIN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE THAT IS RESILIENT TO CLIMATE IMPACTS WHILE CONSIDERING AFFORDABILITY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, NATURAL ASSETS, AND REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GASSES ..................................................................................................................... 65 ACTION 9 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65 ACTION 10.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 67 ACTION 11.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 68 GOAL: TO MANAGE LAND USE THAT ENSURES THAT COMMUNITY ASSETS AND LIVELIHOODS ARE SUSTAINABLE, COUNTER URBAN-SPRAWL, OPTIMIZE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE, ENHANCE NEIGHBOURHOOD CONNECTIONS AND ARE RESILIENT TO THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ....................................................... 70 ACTION 12.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 70 ACTION 13.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 71 Page 330 of 610 49 ACTION 14.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 72 ACTION 15.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 73 ACTION 16.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 74 GOAL: TO ENSURE ENERGY SUPPLY AND INFRASTRUCTURE IS SUFFICIENT, AFFORDABLE, NET-ZERO AND RESILIENT TO WEATHER-RELATED DISRUPTIONS .................. 76 ACTION 17.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 76 ACTION 18.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 77 ACTION 19.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 79 HEALTH AND WELLBEING ......................................................................................................................................................... 80 GOAL: TO BUILD A RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE LOCAL FOOD SYSTEM THAT PROMOTES SOCIAL JUSTICE AND SUPPORTS LOCAL PRODUCTION, STORAGE, PROCESSING, SALE AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD ..................................................................................................................................................................... 80 ACTION 20.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 80 GOAL: TO IMPROVE SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS OF RESIDENTS TO THEIR COMMUNITY AND TO ORGANIZATIONS TO MINIMIZE AND BETTER MANAGE CLIMATE-RELATED HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 82 ACTION 21.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 82 GOAL: TO ENSURE ALL HAVE ACCESS TO COOLING DURING HEAT EVENTS .................................................................................................................... 84 ACTION 22.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 84 ACTION 23.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 85 ACTION 24.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 86 ACTION 25.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 87 ACTION 26.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 88 ACTION 27.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 89 ACTION 28.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 90 GOAL: TO IMPROVE OUTDOOR AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY ....................................................................................................................................... 91 ACTION 29.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 91 Page 331 of 610 50 ECONOMY & WORKERS ............................................................................................................................................................ 93 GOAL: TO SUPPORT BUSINESSES TO BECOMING RESILIENT TO THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE THROUGH CLEAR GUIDANCE AND RESOURCES ............................ 93 ACTION 30.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 93 ACTION 31.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 94 ACTION 32.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 95 RESILIENT GOVERNANCE ......................................................................................................................................................... 97 GOAL: TO INTEGRATE CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION INTO OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES AS WELL AS LAND-USE, FINANCIAL, AND STRATEGIC PLANNING ................... 97 ACTION 33.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 97 ACTION 34.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 98 GOAL: TO WORK WITH LOCAL, PROVINCIAL AND FEDERAL PARTNERS TO PREPARE FOR, RESPOND AND RECOVER EFFECTIVELY FROM SUSTAINED AND/OR MULTIPLE EXTREME EVENTS........................................................................................................................................................................................... 99 ACTION 35.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 99 ACTION 36................................................................................................................................................................................................ 100 ACTION 37................................................................................................................................................................................................ 101 ACTION 38................................................................................................................................................................................................ 102 GOAL: TO SUPPORT THE COMMUNITY THROUGH EDUCATION ON HOW TO PREPARE FOR, RESPOND TO, AND RECOVER FROM EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS ............... 103 ACTION 39................................................................................................................................................................................................ 103 GOAL: TO IDENTIFY PROJECT-SPECIFIC AND ONGOING FUNDING FOR CLIMATE PROJECTS THAT ARE IN LINE WITH FINANCIAL PLANNING ..................................... 104 ACTION 40................................................................................................................................................................................................ 104 ACTION 41................................................................................................................................................................................................ 105 Page 332 of 610 51 Action Implementation Schedules Definitions PRIORITY IMPACT ADDRESSED Identification of the prioritized impact(s) that this action addresses. SUPPORTING ACTIONS Actions to help support the implementation of the action, that are already underway, or that are smaller steps to achieve a larger action. IMMEDIATE NEXT STEPS Immediate, specific next step(s) that would need to happen to begin implementation. INVOLVED ORGANIZATION(S) AND OR CITY DEPARTMENT(S) The department(s)/organization(s) needed to implement the action. Leads (L) are indicated where possible to indicate a convener or undertaker of the action. TIME SCALE When implementation would begin. Quick-Win (QW) (<1 year), Short-Term (ST) (1-3 years), Long-Term (LT) (4-5 years). MONITORING METRIC AND BASELINE Metric to monitor the action and evaluate progress. These indicators will likely focus on processes that measure progress towards the achievement of an outcome (e.g. policies created, funding secured) as opposed to outcome indicators which demonstrate than an objective has been achieved. Prioritize indicators/measures that are already being collected where relevant. Page 333 of 610 52 NATURE & BIODIVERSITY Goal: To foster the resilience of Niagara Falls' natural landscape to ongoing changes in climate and enhance its value in providing both climate change adaptation and mitigation benefits Action 1 Integrate and align regional management of the urban forest, parks, open spaces and natural features with City plans, policies and procedures. Supporting Actions 1.1 Include vegetation management standards in construction requirements, with respect to Niagara Region’s regional tree canopy assessment. 1.2 Integrate into the current documents/processes: Official Plan Update, Natural Asset Management Plan, PRC Master Plan, Design Standards, and Niagara Parks’ Queen Victoria Park Master Plan and Urban Forest Management Plan. 1.3 Update construction and planting standards to ensure plants and trees have adequate soil volume and quality to ensure the living green infrastructure's full lifecycle, and associated ecosystem services, are achieved. Immediate Next Steps Gather plans, policies and procedures from the region (e.g. Town of Lincoln (waterfront development), the region, etc.). Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: Planning (L) Cemetery Municipal Works Rec, Culture and Facilities Land Care Niagara (volunteer group supported by the province) - support Page 334 of 610 53 Environmental Action Committee; Niagara Parks Commission (partner); Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority (NPCA) Environmental section of Niagara Region Time Scale ST Budget $$ (implementation of staff time, or bring in a consultant) * Construction Standards could be more involved process requiring more money Funding opportunity: Integrated urban forest management – City budget Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of plans with natural feature considerations Completion of policies and plan itself # of development proposals that increase tree canopy, and naturalized land Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7 PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7 EXT 1; EXT 4 Page 335 of 610 54 Action 2 Complete the development of the Urban Forest Strategy and implement its recommendations. Supporting Actions 2.1 Identify and plant climate resilient trees and shrubs. 2.2 Integrate results of Urban Heat Mapping and prioritize planting in hotspots. 2.3 Undertake an urban tree canopy study to identify tree and vegetation canopy targets (on public and private land). (build upon City’s boulevard tree asset mapping and Woodland/Woodlot Management Plan). Immediate Next Steps Continue completing urban forest strategy. Align with the Region’s Urban Forest Management Plan (Niagara Parks). Measure current coverage of tree canopy cover (using GIS), to determine baseline – entire land holdings or public land holdings. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Forestry (L) • Planning • GIS • Municipal Works • Cemetery • Rec, Culture and Facilities Environmental Action Committee Niagara Region (NR); Niagara Peninsular Energy Inc. (NPEI); Vineland Research and Innovation Center (VRIC); Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority (NPCA)(2B Trees); Page 336 of 610 55 Community Niagara Falls Nature Club (tree inventory) Time Scale ST Budget Develop plan - $$ Implement plan - $$$$ Funding opportunity: Urban Forest Management Budget (approved in 2023) Potential funding opportunity: OMAFRA, OMNRF Monitoring Metric and Baseline Completion of urban forest strategy Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 6; TEMP 7 PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7 EXT 1; EXT 4 Action 3 Enhance partnerships and engage the community to enhance the protection, planting and maintenance of plants, especially those that are native and climate resilient, including through academic research, educational events, tree programs, planting initiatives and through media. Supporting Actions 3.1 Enhance partnership with school boards to enhance educational and field trip opportunities related to climate change impacts, the importance of ecosystem health and function, and actions that increase resilience at the local level (e.g., EAC tree planting, community tree planting events). 3.2 Develop an education and outreach campaign - in partnership with Niagara Parks, Brock University, NPCA, Niagara College, Land Care Niagara. Highlight Niagara Falls' natural spaces Page 337 of 610 56 and how residents can better enjoy and maintain these assets, videos and graphics for social media campaign to promote increase, protection and maintenance. Immediate Next Steps Reach out to stakeholders, form committee. Consider reconvening Staff Green Team, branch out to form sub-committees. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Communications o Utilize Let’s Talk • Staff Green Team • Rec, Culture and Facilities (L) Environmental Action Committee; NPCA (identify native plants) Niagara College Brock University Land Care Niagara Walker Industries Mayors Youth Advisory Committee NR School boards Time Scale ST Budget Building partnerships $-$$ Implementation - $$ Funding opportunity: NPEI provides funding to City for tree planting Page 338 of 610 57 Funding opportunities: amongst partners listed above Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of partners engaged # of outreach efforts (e.g., media announcements, educational events) – comms team # of events held (# of trees planted at said events) Green infrastructure: Types of plants planted Increase % in tree canopy or naturalized habitat on private and public lands # of events where enhancement is realized # of events on public land Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 4 Goal: To ensure that water resources in the local watershed are resilient, protected and enhanced through the engagement of various stakeholders. Action 4 Increase naturalization of buffer zones around waterways and wetlands, including storm water ponds. Supporting Actions 4.1 Update the Official Plan, zoning by-laws, Secondary Plans and Engineering Development and Design Standards to enhance water buffer zones, including areas around provincially significant wetlands. Immediate Next Steps Identify existing inventory of waterways, stream channels, buffer zone conditions, including storm water ponds. (Sub-watershed studies within Secondary plans) Page 339 of 610 58 Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Municipal Works- Engineering • Planning • Council – support for political buy-in NPCA (L) Land Care Niagara; Peninsula Field Naturalists (St. Catherine) Niagara Falls Nature Club Rowing club – engage early [Angler + Waterfowl organizations] Time Scale LT Budget $$-$$$ Funding opportunity: Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority Funding opportunity: Niagara community foundation Monitoring Metric and Baseline % area increase in naturalized waterways Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1 Page 340 of 610 59 Action 5 Identify opportunities to expand natural assets and low-impact development as alternatives to traditional grey infrastructure. Supporting Actions 5.1 Educate City Staff on Low Impact Design (LID), which has been included in the Engineering Design Standards, as well as other stormwater management practices that promote groundwater recharge – referencing Region’s Stormwater Management Design Guidelines. 5.2 Increase LID and other stormwater management practices to promote groundwater recharge into retrofit and development/redevelopment projects, in alignment with the 2017 Master Drainage Plan (to be updated within next 5 years). 5.3 Introduce and expand programs that manage stormwater onsite for both private and public properties including rain barrels, rain gardens, bioswales, permeable pavement, and other LID projects. Immediate Next Steps Educate City Staff on Low Impact Design (LID) as well as other stormwater management practices that promote groundwater recharge. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Planning • Communications o Share City’s work and guidance for public • Finance (data: water expenditure bills) • Municipal Works- Engineering (L) o Development NPCA NR Community garden groups Niagara Region community garden network (works regionally with NR) Page 341 of 610 60 Master gardeners School of Horticulture Time Scale LT Budget Identification $-$$ Expand/ implementation $$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of staff trained # of LIDs Community uptake of different programs Uptake of development community of LID + stormwater mgmt. designs Increase in community gardens Change in total sewer flow, municipal water use Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP2; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT3; Action 6 Identify opportunities to better protect existing natural assets such as tree canopy, green spaces, wetlands, rivers, and floodplains as part of a stormwater management plan. Supporting Actions 6.1 Implement a salt management plan, in alignment with the Region’s SWM guidelines, that seeks to better manage and reduce salt usage and limit salt runoff into waterways. 6.2 Utilize and update existing Engineering Design Standards and the Woodland Management Plan to protect natural assets. Page 342 of 610 61 6.3 Development of Stormwater master plan currently underway. Immediate Next Steps Complete Stormwater Master Plan with ID of green infrastructure opportunities. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Cemetery • Parks • Forestry • Municipal Works/ Engineering / Operation (L) • Planning Landscape Architects NPCA NR Niagara Escarpment Commission Environmental Action Committee Niagara Regional Public Health - support streetscape Time Scale ST (completion of stormwater master plan) Budget Identification $$ (within stormwater master plan budget) Protection $$ Funding opportunity: Direction from Council: explore of 'cash-in-lieu tree contribution' for development Page 343 of 610 62 Monitoring Metric and Baseline Protected land area of natural assets (total acreage/ hectares) Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 3; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 5 Action 7 Continue to update IDF curves with most up to date modelling and update/build infrastructure in accordance with the latest data. Supporting Actions 7.1 Complete a risk assessment of stormwater management facilities and overland flow routes for major storms in light of climate change. Immediate Next Steps Continue updating IDF curve data. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Municipal Works- Engineering • Information Technology • Facilities? NR NPCA Time Scale ST Budget Staff time, resourced needed to update IDF curves - $$ Updating infrastructure - $$$ Page 344 of 610 63 Monitoring Metric and Baseline Degree to which IDF curves are updated # of buildings and other infrastructure (culverts, roads) updated in accordance Priority Impact Addressed PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 8 Work with partners to ensure that Niagara Falls watersheds are protected and enhanced in the face of climate threats and address emerging water issues. Supporting Actions 8.1 Leverage Region’s Official Plan and the Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority’s Strategic Plan, both of which address climate change and protection of natural heritage/ resources, to update the City’s Secondary Plan process for new area development including sub-watershed plans. Immediate Next Steps Initiate some of climate actions within Secondary Plans. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Municipal Works - Water/Wastewater • Planning • Rec, Culture and Facilities NR Climate Change Municipal Community of Practice (CCMCP) NPCA (L) Niagara Region Public Health Time Scale ST Budget Staff time -$$ Page 345 of 610 64 Implantation - $$$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Look to NPCA in terms of how they measure water quality/ quantity (water temps, species, health of in/vertebrate populations) ID specific measures taken within plans to address specific climate threats Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 3; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 1 Page 346 of 610 65 INFRASTRUCTURE Goal: To design, construct, and maintain physical infrastructure that is resilient to climate impacts while considering affordability, energy efficiency, natural assets, and reduction in greenhouse gasses Action 9 Ensure infrastructure risk assessments include climate change considerations and buildings are built or retrofitted accordingly, using best practices in the design, construction, and maintenance to minimize service disruptions and increase resilience. Supporting Actions 9.1 Identify and prioritize corporate buildings and assets in-need of upgrades or retrofits. 9.2 Complete the Wet Weather Management strategy as part of the Master Servicing Plan. 9.3 Complete the engineering and design standards update to create a more resilient infrastructure network that utilize risk assessment protocols such as PIEVC Engineering Protocol or ISO 31000 and that include climate-related risk and vulnerability. 9.4 Reduce all sources of inflow and infiltration into the sanitary sewer system including public and private property sources, as per the DWQMS Risk Assessment. 9.5 Update City's storm sewer design standards from a 5 to a 10-year storm. Storm and sanitary risk assessments to be done in 2024 as per new CLI ECAs. 9.6 Identify assets and infrastructure nearing end of life-cycle to retrofit or replace with climate-resilient materials . Immediate Next Steps Complete actions already in progress. 9.1 (largest emitter and largest capital cost associated) – in the middle of BCAs 9.2, 9.3 (in progress) Page 347 of 610 66 9.4 (LT undertaking), 9.5 (challenging undertaking) - Update model to understand risk constraints, constraining locations 9.6 underway (some quick wins) Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Facilities(L) – shared lead • Municipal Works- Engineering (development review team) (L) – shared lead • Asset management team • Water/ wastewater • Council - support Time Scale LT Budget $$$$ Funding opportunity: NR will be putting in a grant application for FCM’s GMF - GHG emission reduction feasibility study of 12 buildings Niagara Region - Wet weather management fund (some extent) on some capital projects that limit wet weather flows Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of buildings evaluated; renovated 9.2, 9.3 – completion of plans 9.4 % of system reductions (flows entering treatment plants) Km of combined sewers Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 7; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4 Page 348 of 610 67 Action 10 Improve the resilience and sustainability of transportation infrastructure. Supporting Actions 10.1 Utilize risk assessment protocols such as PIEVC Engineering Protocol or ISO 31000 to assess the specific climate-related risk of vulnerable transportation assets. 10.2 Continue to update the Transportation Master Plan and Engineering Development and Design Standards with a climate resilience and net-zero lens. 10.3 Install and update EV charging stations and City EV fleet. 10.4 Develop and encourage sustainable methods of transportation including through connected trails and paths, expanded GO services, EV chargers, and public transit. 10.5 Update the Niagara Peninsula Standard Contract Document (NPSCD) with opportunities to increase the resilience and carbon output of road infrastructure through the integration of updated materials (e.g. warm-mix asphalt). 10.6 Develop a communications plan to highlight sustainable methods of transportation and related initiatives such as a "Sustainable Travel Week" campaign. Immediate Next Steps 10.2, 10.4 in progress – continue and complete 10.5 fairly straightforward – reach out to NR Invite NPSCD committee to take on 10.5 leadership role 10.3 undertake feasibility and implementation strategy 10.4 (policy related – to review in OP and via Secondary Plans) – in progress – start in early Aug, will take roughly 1 year Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Municipal Works – Transportation Services, Fleet (L) • Communication • NPSCD (L) – for 10.5 Page 349 of 610 68 • Planning and Building • Traffic • Parking Niagara Region Transit Niagara Region Public Health (Active Transportation) Time Scale LT Budget $$$ - $$$$ Possible funding source: NRCAN Zevip (for EV chargers) Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of updated plans # of EV chargers Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 4; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 6; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 11 Identify opportunities and resources to include carbon reductions and climate resilience in buildings when new builds and retrofits or renovations are planned, including updates to building envelope, flood reduction measures, and site level energy generation. Supporting Actions 11.1 Encourage homeowners and businesses to implement and maintain best practices in stormwater management to reduce flood risk. 11.2 Identify and promote retrofit programs and materials for home and business owners. Page 350 of 610 69 11.3 Require flood sensors/alarms in basements, and water-driven sump pumps that can function without power in new builds. 11.4 Incentivize developments to include solar panels for on-site energy generation. Immediate Next Steps Policy perspective – include policy statements in the Official Plan Create communications strategy Create Best Practice/ Standards Guide (e.g., for applying for permits) Developers, land owners (need to be engaged) Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Climate Action Team Reps • Facilities Staff (L - for internal facilities) • Finance • Planning • Communications; • Business Development Developers, land owners (need to be engaged) Hydro/ Utility – NPEI Lean on other levels of government (NR) for broader community implementation Time Scale LT Budget $$ (policy, information resources, NOT infrastructure) Funding opportunity: Leverage existing collaboration with NPEI and Enbridge (e.g. save-on- energy and CDM programs) Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of incentive programs + resources developed # of uptake, # of people involved in the programs Page 351 of 610 70 # of discussions with developers, businesses Social media - # of people reached via comms Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Goal: To manage land use that ensures that community assets and livelihoods are sustainable, counter urban-sprawl, optimize existing infrastructure, enhance neighbourhood connections and are resilient to the impacts of climate change. Action 12 Develop 'Green Design Guidelines' and update Engineering Design Standards for new developments and retrofits that include low-impact development and green infrastructure to manage heat and flooding. Supporting Actions 12.1 Develop standards for green roofs in residential and industrial development. 12.2 Continue to implement the Weeping Tile Removal assistance program. 12.3 Develop an incentive program and/or update the approval process (e.g. reduction in development charges) for developers to include resilience measures. 12.4 Enhance and enforce by-laws regarding downspout disconnection; and lot grading to ensure flow of water is directed appropriately. 12.5 Ensure new development, redevelopment and intensification preserve and contribute to quality green spaces. Immediate Next Steps Planning – continue to explore using urban design in policies and implementation. Page 352 of 610 71 Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Facilities • Municipal Works -Engineering (Development) • Planning (L) Utilities (when planning new builds) Time Scale Urban design - ST LT Budget Developing Standards (staff time) $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Completion of GDG Updates design standards Completion of plan Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 13 Review zoning by-laws to encourage densification that will provide net energy and land savings and conserve or enhance ecological functions. Supporting Actions 13.1 Identify neighbourhoods and corridors for densification. 13.2 Update Official Plan and align with Regional OP policies, providing benefit for increased coverage where natural areas are preserved. Immediate Next Steps Continue initiation of 13.1 + 13.2 Page 353 of 610 72 Account for Net energy savings around infrastructure that’s built + movement of people Council decisions on current development applications (increasing dense development + asset expansion) Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Planning • GIS NPEI Time Scale ST LT – zoning by-laws (comprehensive zoning changes in association with updated OP) Budget Reviewing by-laws - $ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Increased densification/ reduced expansion Intensification rates Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 5; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4 Action 14 Update parking lot bylaws to reduce parking requirements and require a minimum amount of permeable surface and green infrastructure and trees in order to provide on-site stormwater management and shade, and promote alternative transportation. Supporting Actions 14.1 Utilize the results from the parking rate study to inform and support the planning and implementation of parking on-site green infrastructure. Immediate Next Steps Develop recommendation for parking lot bylaw adjustment. Page 354 of 610 73 Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Parking • Planning, Bylaw (L) • Municipal Works – Engineering, Water/ Wastewater Time Scale LT Budget $ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Number of parking lot spaces required ( is reduced) % of permeable and green infrastructure in parking areas Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3 Action 15 Identify and preserve land for future green spaces through the Official Plan and Bylaws. Supporting Actions 15.1 Review and update Official Plan, urban boundary expansion, secondary planning, and parkland by-laws in alignment with Niagara Parks land management zones. Immediate Next Steps Create list of potential lands to preserve. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Council • Planning (L) • Municipal Works • Rec, Culture & Parks • Business Development Page 355 of 610 74 • GIS Environmental Action Committee NPCA Development Community Time Scale LT Budget $ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Use greenspace targets identified in the Parks, Rec and Culture Master Plan to drive action. Acres of preserved lands Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 1 Action 16 Integrate natural assets into the City’s asset management plans. Supporting Actions 16.1 Undertake a natural asset inventory. 16.2 Align natural asset management with the Region’s tree canopy assessment, and the City’s Woodlot Management Plan and Forestry’s inventory of street trees. Immediate Next Steps Define scope of work for natural asset inventory. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Forestry (L) • Parks • Cemeteries Page 356 of 610 75 • Planning • Finance • Municipal Works • Infrastructure & Asset Management team • GIS Landscape Architects NR Environmental Action Committee Time Scale LT Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Natural Assets are included in asset management plans, policies and reports Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Page 357 of 610 76 Goal: To ensure energy supply and infrastructure is sufficient, affordable, net -zero and resilient to weather-related disruptions Action 17 Identify at-risk energy and communication infrastructure and opportunities to increase resilience to power outages as a result of increased demand or extreme weather. Supporting Actions 17.1 Support the Region’s upcoming Community/ Municipal Energy Plan. 17.2 Work collaboratively with NPEI regarding annual pole testing and replacement programs. 17.3 Continue collaboration with the Public Service Committee’s utility work and include climate projections in future work. Immediate Next Steps Continue to support existing initiatives. Create group to collaborate on energy infrastructure. Start bigger conversations with utilities. Vulnerability assessment of energy infrastructure. Scan what energy demands are, local carbon alternatives-looking at risk in particular. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City Facilities; looking at specific issues on specific buildings City Public Services Committee NPEI; ON Hydro (L) Niagara Region Broadband Network (NRBN) (would need to include other telecoms if comms strat is undertaken) NR Time Scale ST Budget $$-$$$ Page 358 of 610 77 Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of power outages related to climate impacts Days of power outages (how quick recovery is) Completion of Regional Energy plan Vulnerability assessment – ID of at-risk infrastructure Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 4; PRECIP 6; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 18 Undertake a greenhouse gas inventory and undertake actions to reduce GHG emissions from corporate and community energy sources, working off of the Region’s recently completed corporate GHG inventory. Supporting Actions 18.1 Identify opportunities to shift consumption to off-peak hours, especially during summer months. 18.2 Create and implement energy conservation strategies for City facilities and fleet (e.g., cemetery equipment), including undertaking energy audits, investigating alternative energy sources, retrofits and enhancing outdoor shading and cooling features. Immediate Next Steps Going to council for support. Applying for funding. Apply to PCP program. Prepare inventory (consolidate existing data) - – keep regular update of emissions. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Facilities (L) - Corporate • Department Leads Page 359 of 610 78 • Finance/ Account Payable (to provide data) • Council • Municipal Works NR (to measure emissions from [community] waste) Community data providers (e.g., NPEI) Consultant Time Scale ST - Inventory LT – retrofits/ climate actions Budget Inventory - $$ Retrofits - $$$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Inventory Completion of inventory Retrofits # of buildings retrofitted Total GHG reductions (tC02e) Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 4; TEMP 6 Page 360 of 610 79 Action 19 Monitor peak energy consumption to better understand how strategies to mitigate brown and blackouts can be implemented. Supporting Actions 19.1 Collaborate with NPEI to continue their engagement surrounding energy use, choice for rate plans, and microfits and renewable energy solutions. Immediate Next Steps Create + communicate database on energy consumption. NPEI already has available data for corporate emissions. Continue mitigating impacts already experienced (corporate-level). Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments Facilities – NPEI, ON Hydro partnership Time Scale ST Budget $$ Funding opportunity: NPEI will provide ultra-low plan for residents in November Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of brownouts + blackouts Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 7; PRECIP 6; EXT 4 Page 361 of 610 80 HEALTH AND WELLBEING Goal: To build a resilient and sustainable local food system that promotes social justice and supports local production, storage, processing, sale and distribution of food. Action 20 Support, implement and localize the Region’s work in developing a resilient and sustainable community food working group and strategy. Supporting Actions 20.1 Create a food strategy working group. 20.2 Conduct a scan of existing resources, policies and activities. 20.3 Identify how this strategy would align and multi-solve other local mandates. 20.4 Undertake a Community Food Assessment. 20.5 Working group to develop a food strategy that explores and leverages local/regional partnerships. 20.6 Consider requesting the working group to become a committee of council. Immediate Next Steps Build off momentum of the Regional Forum (June 7 food security event with United Way) and bring all partners together to determine who should be involved. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Planning (ID of land for additional community gardens) • Rec, Culture and Facilities (community gardens) Environmental Action Committee; local famer's market/ NF exchange; Page 362 of 610 81 local agricultural organizations and businesses; NR (L) United Way Public Health Regional garden network Ontario Food Collaborative GROW Niagara Falls FEAST program Farmers Links for Greener Learning Small Scale Farms Program Project Share Food Banks Feed Ontario Brock – Niagara agriculture municipal learning network ( https://brocku.ca/niagara- community-observatory/NAMLN/) Time Scale ST Budget $$ (staff time) Funding opportunity: working w/ United Way Monitoring Metric and Baseline Developed/ completed work plan/strategy # of (or acreage) community gardens/ time Page 363 of 610 82 Established working group Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 4; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 3 Goal: To improve social connectedness of residents to their community and to organizations to minimize and better manage climate-related health and safety risks Action 21 Improve community connection opportunities in collaboration with local organizations so that members are supported and more resilient during extreme weather events. Supporting Actions 21.1 Amplify existing initiatives and support more residents to engage with them. 21.2 City Comms to share community resources during extreme weather events and create a resource page on niagarafalls.ca to consolidate the information. Immediate Next Steps Create inventory of what currently exists. • Vulnerable pop • Engagement Initiatives + events Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Mayor’s office (L) • Communications • Rec & Culture; United Way Older Adults groups and centers; Page 364 of 610 83 Project Share; Café on Queen Street; Niagara Falls Public Library; McBain Centre; CSSN Community support Services of Niagara Church groups Gale Centre Neighbourhood groups Summer street shelter Former coronation building Soup kitchen Time Scale ST Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Completion of 2 inventories # of supports, initiatives # of people engaged Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Page 365 of 610 84 Goal: To ensure all have access to cooling during heat events . Action 22 Establish maximum-temperature bylaw and air-quality standards for rental and multi-unit properties Supporting Actions 22.1 Identify partners (such as Niagara Region Public Health, Tenant Board, Gateway of Niagara – AJ Heafey and team, etc.) to determine safe standards for indoor temperature. 22.2 Identify grant programs for tenants and landlords to finance building retrofits. 22.3 Train and work with by-law officers/ front-line workers to implement monitoring and enforcement protocols. 22.1 Identify partners to determine safe standards. Immediate Next Steps Champion on council Get Property Standards (Building dept) involved Initiate awareness and education campaign Consider what minimum temp standards are Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Mayor’s office (lower tier L) -> Region’s Social services committee (PHSSC) • Council (champions) (lower tier L) • Communications • Rec & Culture; • Property Standards - enforcement Coronation/ Older Adults Centre; Niagara Region Housing (NRH) • shelter system Public Health (upper tier L) Page 366 of 610 85 Time Scale LT Page 367 of 610 86 Budget Review of guidelines, related enforcement of by-laws - $$-$$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Establishment of bylaw Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5 Action 23 Expand access to existing cooling and warming centres for use during other extreme weather events such as flooding and power outages and extend hours of operation. Supporting Actions 23.1 Communicate and promote the access of heating and cooling centers for all (including public access to pools and splash pads). 23.2 City to define thresholds for "extreme" in order to activate additional cooling/warming centres (i.e., City buildings that can remain open during these occurrences), working with HIRA and emergency response plans/ Immediate Next Steps Host event to bring together stakeholders to expand policies. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • CAO (L) • Facilities • Council (champion) • Communications • Fire • Rec, Culture and Facilities Regional Community Services (Housing and Homelessness coordinator) Niagara's Assertive Street Outreach (NASO) Convention Centre Page 368 of 610 87 Gale Centre Time Scale ST Budget $$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of cooling/ warming centres (space/ hours/ threshold) during extreme weather events Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 24 Work with businesses and organizations to identify and promote cooling spaces for tourists. Supporting Actions 24.1 City/ Business working groups (Business Development Dept, Business Improvement Areas (BIA)) work together to designate and maintain cooling spaces, taking into consideration Niagara Parks potential to increase size of public realm (e.g., area adjacent to falls; increased access to the new power station tunnel). Immediate Next Steps Host event to have discussion with collaborating stakeholders, beginning the process of looking at viable options. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Business Development (L) • Communications NF Tourism BIAs Casino Page 369 of 610 88 Hotels Convention Centre Niagara Parks Commission Time Scale ST Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of businesses involved Amount of space allocated to cool tourists Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 5; EXT 1 Action 25 Identify opportunities to retrofit existing City corporate buildings and assets with air conditioning and air filters to combat extreme heat and air quality impacts. Supporting Actions 25.1 Continue conducting Building Condition Assessments for City facilities – Identifying/ assessing full capacity efficacy. Immediate Next Steps Leverage ongoing BCAs to help assess opportunities. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: • Facilities (L) NPEI Time Scale ST Implementation LT Budget Implementation - $$$ Page 370 of 610 89 Funding opportunity: Provincial grants (e.g., save-on-energy) Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of facilities w/ systems that fully address cooling needs Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7 Action 26 Develop specific strategies and resources to support those in need of housing, medical and social support services during extreme weather. Supporting Actions 26.1 Leverage past community events (e.g., Fire Dept ‘Push for Change’) and Communications’ existing scripts and media to spread awareness and enhance social supports for vulnerable populations. Immediate Next Steps Develop inventory Expand upon existing resources Create working group to allocate resourcing, ID and build upon existing strategies Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments NR - Community Services -NR Homelessness Services (L) Gateway of Niagara/ (NASO); Shelter Operator City and regional comms Time Scale ST Budget Plan development - $$-$$$ Resource implementation - $$$$ (meeting adequate housing needs) Page 371 of 610 90 Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of strategies; resources created or expanded Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; PRECIP 5; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 27 Work with local school boards to enhance the cooling abilities of all schools. Supporting Actions Immediate Next Steps Begin conversations with school boards Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments Mayor's Youth Advisory; NR; Public Health; School boards; City Council – can provide support, political leverage; Outside contractors – HVAC; consultant Planning – land-use, encouragement through policy (no enforcement capacity) Time Scale LT Budget Conversations: $ Implementation: $$$-$$$ Page 372 of 610 91 Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of schools engaged in ID’ing cooling opportunities Implementation Page 373 of 610 92 # of schools with implemented cooling abilities Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5 PRECIP 7; EXT 1 Action 28 Review and update policies, procedures, and training to ensure Niagara Falls staff and emergency responders are safe during extreme weather conditions. Supporting Actions Immediate Next Steps Convene group to review exiting policies/procedures/training Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● HR – Health and Safety (L) ● Unions ● Department Leads ● Fire ● Corporate Services NR: ● Police ● Paramedics Time Scale ST Budget $$ (enhancements of existing policies/ procedures) Implications for productivity + additional staffing need to be accounted for Page 374 of 610 93 Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of updated policies/procedures/ training Change in updated policies/procedures/ training from baseline (total #) Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 5 Goal: To improve outdoor and indoor air quality. Action 29 Identify and promote the use of technology to improve indoor air quality in homes and businesses, and the value of trees to improve outdoor air quality (during heat and wildfire smoke events). Supporting Actions Review open air burning policies and consider implementing education, restrictions, or bans Immediate Next Steps Gathering of potential stakeholders Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Planning ● Communications ● Business Development – could support promotion to businesses ● Fire (wildfire risk assessments + plans) Public Health (L) – as potential convener Environmental Action Committee Construction and heating/cooling companies Page 375 of 610 94 Time Scale ST Budget $-$$ Implementation - $$$-$$$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Citywide air quality level (baseline) Indoor air quality (baseline) # of statements issued from Environment Canada # of recipients of communications (engagement metrics) Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; EXT 1; EXT 3; EXT 4 Page 376 of 610 95 ECONOMY & WORKERS Goal: To support businesses to becoming resilient to the impacts of climate change through clear guidance and resources Action 30 Communicate business-specific strategies to build resilience to extreme weather events. Supporting Actions 30.1 Leverage Business Development’s contacts with local businesses, providing community with guidance and standards for building retrofits, emergency backup power generation, and/or onsite power generation. Immediate Next Steps Develop list of strategies that need to be communicated. Maintain engagement with business group to facilitate further discussion and develop further plans to accomplish this goal. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Business Development (L) ● Communications Climate Experts (internal/external) NR – Communications BIAs Businesses/Orgs Time Scale ST Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of businesses engaged # of strategies implemented Page 377 of 610 96 Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 31 Develop a business community climate best practices working group to develop and deliver business level risk assessments, emergency plans, and retrofit funding opportunities (heat pumps, renewable retrofits, building envelope enhancements, etc.). Supporting Actions 31.1 Promote Falls and facilities as 'cool' places during heat waves. 31.2 Identify tourist hotspots in need of cooling infrastructure such as increased tree canopy or shade structures, water features such as fountains, misting stations, etc. 31.3 Explore alignment with The Coordinating Committee’s launch of the ‘Niagara Climate Change Action Network’ initiative. Immediate Next Steps Action Lead to convene working group Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Building ● Business Development ● Council (Champions) ● Communication Environmental Action Committee (L) Region ● Facilities and energy management Page 378 of 610 97 ● Economic development Climate experts BIAs Chamber of Commerce Time Scale ST Budget $$ Funding opportunity for implementation: Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) provides conservation programs to businesses for retrofit opportunities. Incentives under the CIPs for employment include design elements that increase possible grant amounts based on efficient building and site design (Gateway CIP). Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of engaged businesses taking climate action Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 32 Expand upon federal/provincial guidelines for safe working conditions for workers exposed to extreme weather using best practices. Supporting Actions 32.1 Inform worker of best practices by working with labour boards, trade unions, Niagara Parks, NPEI, the City and local businesses. 32.2 Utilize and promote City’s existing extreme weather alert monitoring system, Public Health’s weather advisory statement releases. Page 379 of 610 98 Immediate Next Steps Gather and review federal (CCOHS- Canadian centre for occupational health and safety) and provincial guidelines. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Health and Safety (L) ● Human Resources ● Business Development BIAs Chamber of Commerce; NF Tourism/ Hotel Association; Labour Board; Trade Unions Time Scale LT Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline # of enhanced best practices/ guidelines Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Page 380 of 610 99 RESILIENT GOVERNANCE Goal: To integrate climate change adaptation into operational procedures as well as land-use, financial, and strategic planning Action 33 Systematically incorporate climate adaptation consideration into the City's Official, Strategic, Asset Management and Financial Plans. Supporting Actions Immediate Next Steps Identify staff lead(s) to coordinate incorporation of climate considerations. Identify which City strategic plans are up for their next review and when. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments All City departments ● Finance ● Asset Management ● Planning Time Scale ST Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Number of City Strategic Plans that include climate adaptation considerations Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Page 381 of 610 100 Action 34 Develop a coordinating structure to implement and report on the plan. Supporting Actions 34.1 Designate staffing and resources to Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. 34.2 Develop Individual Departmental Work Plans and Initiatives related to Climate Change Adaptation. Immediate Next Steps Build off of roles and responsibilities precedent set by City Communication Department. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City ● Mayor and CAO’s office (L) ● Finance ● Senior Leadership Team Time Scale ST Budget $$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Staff and resources dedicated to climate change action Scheduled reporting structure Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Page 382 of 610 101 Goal: To work with local, provincial and federal partners to prepare for, respond and recover effectively from sustained and/or multiple extreme events. Action 35 Create a climate working group with federal, provincial, regional, and indigenous governments, as well as businesses and community networks to improve the ability of Niagara Falls to prepare for, respond to and, recover from extreme weather events. Supporting Actions Immediate Next Steps Identify stakeholders and create working group mandate. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Fire ● Mayor and CAO’s office ● Business Development NR (Emergency services (EMS)) Indigenous governments Business community Federal and Provincial representatives Time Scale ST Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Meeting(s) held to coordinate adaptation efforts Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; Page 383 of 610 102 EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 36 Update emergency response plan to include expected climate hazards (such as extreme heat, flooding and storms). Supporting Actions 36.1 Create incident pre-plans with hotels, contractors, municipal water services and residents for evacuation or relocation situations. 36.2 Explore opportunities for collaboration between emergency response plans from the City and the Region. Immediate Next Steps Identify staff to lead the Plan update. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Health and Safety ● Communication ● Fire, Police (L) ● Municipal Works NR (EMS) Hotel Associations; Contractors (such as tree line workers) Time Scale LT Budget $ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Emergency response plan updated with climate hazards Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; Page 384 of 610 103 EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 37 Continue to promote emergency preparedness week and 72-hour emergency kits. Supporting Actions Immediate Next Steps Organizing individual/group to identify additional promotion and partners for emergency preparedness. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Health and Safety (L) ● Communication ● Fire, Police and EMS Time Scale ST Budget $ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Page 385 of 610 104 Action 38 Work with Niagara Region, Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority, Niagara Region Public Health, and municipalities within the Region to better understand roles and responsibilities, fill gaps in data collection, and expand sharing agreements in order to improve response to extreme weather events and increase efficiency of service delivery. Supporting Actions 38.1 Work with Niagara Region to integrate results of Niagara Region's Climate Mitigation Plan. Immediate Next Steps Establish working group Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Municipal Works ● Fire, Police, EMS ● Human Resources ● Decision Support Services NR (L), Public Health; NPCA The Niagara Parks Commission Time Scale LT Budget $ Monitoring Metric and Baseline A coordinated plan for extreme weather response is established Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Page 386 of 610 105 Goal: To support the community through education on how to prepare for, respond to, and recover from extreme weather events Action 39 Develop a climate adaptation and mitigation communications strategy that focuses on actions one can take. Supporting Actions 39.1 Develop communications products and educational campaigns for different audiences, including homeowners, renters, business owners, tourists, students and land managers that identify the impacts of severe weather events and what they can do to prepare and reduce risk. 39.2 Develop and provide internal City education and staff training regarding adaptation efforts and key climate-related risks and opportunities to enhance resilience. 39.3 Utilize existing City committees such as Park in the City and Mayor’s Youth Advisory to continue to promote climate change awareness. 39.4 Work with municipal and educational partners in promoting climate change awareness and consistent messaging. 39.5 Create an awards/honours/certification process that recognizes organizations that have increased their climate resilience. 39.6 Utilize City intranet to provide educational links and information regarding climate change and climate change science. Immediate Next Steps Identify a staff lead and coordinate partners Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Communications ● Human Resources ● CAO and Mayor’s office Page 387 of 610 106 Environmental Action Committee; Mayor’s Youth Advisory Committee; BIAs; School Boards Time Scale LT Budget $$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline Number of engagements Number of individuals engaged Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Goal: To identify project-specific and ongoing funding for climate projects that are in line with financial planning Action 40 Identify financing opportunities to support climate resilience and mitigation efforts. Supporting Actions Immediate Next Steps Identify lead staff to track opportunities and applications. Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Finance ● Rec, Culture ● Municipal Works Page 388 of 610 107 ● CAO and Mayor’s Office NR NPCA Time Scale ST Budget $ Funding opportunities: Environmental exhibition in the OPG gallery has great materials Monitoring Metric and Baseline $ leveraged to support climate action Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 Action 41 Increase budgets to strengthen tree and natural infrastructure protection, planting and maintenance. Supporting Actions Immediate Next Steps Identify capital and operational planting, protection, maintenance needs Involved Organization(s) and/or City Departments City: ● Finance ● Municipal Works ● Cemeteries ● Rec, Culture and Parks Time Scale LT Page 389 of 610 108 Budget $$$ Monitoring Metric and Baseline $ allocated to planting, protection, maintenance Priority Impact Addressed TEMP 1; TEMP 2; TEMP 3; TEMP 4; TEMP 5; TEMP 6; TEMP 7; PRECIP 1; PRECIP 2; PRECIP 3; PRECIP 4; PRECIP 5; PRECIP 6; PRECIP 7; EXT 1; EXT 2; EXT 3; EXT 4; EXT 5 *City Legal Department- will support each and any stage of the plan as required, through the preparation of agreements or engaging outside council as required. This includes risk management advisory services. *City Procurement Department- will support procurement process for any elements of the plan that require acquiring goods and services in accordance with procurement by-law Page 390 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Repo rt Page 391 of 610 Table of Contents Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................................. 4 Climate Indices ...................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 7 Data Collection ...................................................................................................................... 7 Climate Change Modelling and Downscaling .......................................................................... 8 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Scenarios ...................................................................................... 8 SSP Scenarios - IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) ......................................................................... 8 Time Periods ................................................................................................................................ 10 Uncertainty ......................................................................................................................... 10 Temperature ........................................................................................................................ 11 Ontario ........................................................................................................................................ 11 City of Niagara Falls ...................................................................................................................... 11 Cold Weather ...................................................................................................................... 16 Winter Days ................................................................................................................................. 16 Frost Days and Icing Days .............................................................................................................. 16 Freeze-Thaw ................................................................................................................................. 17 Agricultural Indices ...............................................................................................................17 Growing Season Start Date, End Date, and Length ......................................................................... 17 Precipitation ........................................................................................................................ 18 Ontario ........................................................................................................................................ 18 Niagara Falls ................................................................................................................................. 19 Extreme Weather Events ...................................................................................................... 20 Heavy or Extreme Precipitation ..................................................................................................... 20 Intensity-Duration-Frequency ........................................................................................................ 21 Freezing Rain ................................................................................................................................ 24 Water Levels .........................................................................................................................25 Water Temperatures..................................................................................................................... 26 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 26 References ........................................................................................................................... 27 Page 392 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 2 Tables Table 1: Climate Indices Definitions 5 Table 2: IPCC Sixth Assessment Report Climate Change Scenario Characteristics 8 Table 3: Seasonal timeframes 9 Table 4: Annual and Seasonal Temperature in Ontario for RCP8.5* 10 Table 5: Projected Mean Temperatures for Niagara Falls (°C) by Season – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 10 Table 6: Projected Average Seasonal Minimum Temperatures for Niagara Falls – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 11 Table 7: Projected Average Seasonal Maximum Temperatures for Niagara Falls – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 12 Table 8: Extreme Heat Days (Tmax ≥30°C) for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 13 Table 9: Number of Annual Heat Waves for Niagara Falls - RCP4.5 and 8.5* 14 Table 10: Average Annual Length of Heatwaves for Niagara Falls - RCP4.5 and 8.5* 14 Table 11: Projected Frost Days for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 15 Table 12: Projected Icing Days for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 15 Table 13: Average Annual Freeze-Thaw Cycles for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 15 Table 14: Growing Season Length for Niagara Falls under SSP8.5 16 Table 15: Projected Annual Precipitation (mm) by Season for Ontario – RCP8.5* 17 Table 16: Projected Annual Precipitation (mm) by Season for Niagara Falls – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 17 Table 17: Extreme Precipitation Indices for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 19 Table 18: Baseline Precipitation Intensity Rates for Niagara Falls (mm/h) (1965-1990) 20 Table 19: Projected Precipitation Intensity Rates (mm/h) for Niagara Falls 21 Table 20: July 2019 Monthly Mean Water Levels 22 Table 21: Maximum Surface Temperature Projections for Lake Ontario Basin 23 Figures Figure 1: Projected Global Surface Temperature Change for CMIP6 SSP Scenarios 9 Figure 2: Projected Mean Temperature Change for Niagara Falls SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5 11 Figure 3: Projected Very Hot Days (30°C) for Niagara Falls under SSP5-8.5 14 Figure 4: Projected Annual Precipitation for Niagara Falls under SSP5-8.5 Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 5: Projected Precipitation Intensity Rates (mm/h) for Niagara Falls 2021-2050 under SSP5-8.5 22 Figure 6: Projected Precipitation Intensity Rates (mm/h) for Niagara Falls 2021-2050 under SSP5-8.5 23 Page 393 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 3 Glossary of Terms Definitions have been taken from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), climatedata.ca, and the Climate Atlas of Canada. Baseline A climatological baseline is a reference period, typically three decades (or 30 years), that is used to compare fluctuations of climate between one period and another. Baselines can also be called references or reference periods. Computerized Tool for the Development of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves Under Climate Change (IDF_CC) Version 6.0 IDF_CC is a publicly available web-based intensity-duration-frequency tool to update and adapt local extreme rainfall statistics to climate change. The IDF_CC tool is pre-loaded with 898 Environment and Climate Change Canada rain stations. Users can select any rain station with 10 or more years of data and develop IDF curves based on historical data and curves adjusted to reflect climate change. The tool also allows the development of IDF curves for ungauged locations in Canada. Climate Change Climate change refers to changes in long-term weather patterns caused by natural phenomena and human activities that alter the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the build-up of greenhouse gases which trap heat and reflect it back to the earth’s surface. Climate Projections Climate projections are a projection of the response of the climate system to emissions or concentration scenarios of greenhouse gases and aerosols. These projections depend upon the climate change (or emission) scenario used, which are based on assumptions concerning future socioeconomic and technological developments that may or may not be realized and are therefore subject to uncertainty. Climate Change Scenario A climate change scenario is the difference between a future climate scenario and the current climate. It is a simplified representation of future climate based on comprehensive scientific analyses of the potential consequences of anthropogenic climate change. It is meant to be a plausible representation of the future emission amounts based on a coherent and consistent set of assumptions about driving forces (such as demographic and socioeconomic development, technological change) and their key relationships. Ensemble Approach An ensemble approach uses the average of all global climate models (GCMs) for temperature and precipitation. Research has shown that running many models provides the most realistic projection of annual and seasonal temperature and precipitation than using a single model. Extreme Weather Event A meteorological event that is rare at a place and time of year, such as an intense storm, tornado, hail storm, flood or heatwave, and is beyond the normal range of activity. An extreme weather event would normally occur very rarely or fall into the tenth percentile of probability. General Circulation Models (GCM) Page 394 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 4 General Circulation Models are based on physical laws and physically-based empirical relationships and are mathematical representations of the atmosphere, ocean, ice caps and land surface processes. They are therefore the only tools that estimate changes in climate due to increased greenhouse gases for a large number of climate variables in a physically consistent manner. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Greenhouse gases are those gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of thermal infrared radiation, emitted by the Earth’s surface, the atmosphere itself, and by clouds. Water vapour (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone (O3), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the six primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere in order of abundance. Heat Wave A heat wave occurs when at least three days in a row reach or exceed 30°C. Hot Days A hot day occurs when temperatures meet or exceed 30°C. Intensity-Duration-Frequency curve An Intensity-Duration-Frequency curve (IDF Curve) is a graphical representation of the probability that a given average rainfall intensity will occur. Rainfall Intensity (mm/hr), Rainfall Duration (how many hours it rained at that intensity) and Rainfall Frequency/Return Period (how often that rainstorm repeats itself) are the parameters that make up the axes of the graph of the IDF curve. An IDF curve is created with long term rainfall records collected at a rainfall monitoring station. Radiative forcing The change in the value of the net radiative flux (i.e. the incoming flux minus the outgoing flux) at the top of the atmosphere in response to some perturbation, in this case, the presence of greenhouse gases. Representative Concentration Pathways Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) are four greenhouse gas concentration (not emissions) trajectories adopted by the IPCC for its fifth Assessment Report (AR5) in 2014. It supersedes Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) projections published in 2000. Temperature anomaly A departure from a reference value or long-term average. A positive anomaly indicates that the observed temperature was warmer than the reference value, while a negative anomaly indicates that the observed temperature was cooler than the reference value. Climate Indices The climate indices included in this study are listed and defined in the table below. The indices represent a broad range of important climate variables that impact daily life in Niagara Falls. Each indicator is discussed in more detail in their respective sections below. Page 395 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 5 Table 1: Climate Indices Definitions Climatic Driver Climate Indicator Description Units Hot Temperature Mean Temperature The average temperature of the season (or annually). oC Mean Monthly Maximum Temperature The average monthly maximum temperature. oC Mean Monthly Minimum Temperature The average monthly minimum temperature. oC Very Hot Days (+30oC) A Very Hot Day is a day when the temperature rises to at least 30 °C. This is the temperature where a Heat Alert is issued by Environment Canada. Days Number of Heat Waves The average number of heat waves per year. A heat wave occurs when at least three days in a row reach or exceed 30°C. Number of heatwaves Average Length of Heat Waves The average length of a heat wave. A heat wave occurs when at least three days in a row reach or exceed 30°C. Days Cold Temperature Freeze-Thaw Cycles This is a simple count of days when the air temperature fluctuates between freezing and non- freezing temperatures. Days Frost Days A frost day is one on which the coldest temperature of the day is lower than 0°C. Days Icing Days An Icing Day is a day on which the air temperature does not go above freezing (0°C). Days Winter Days (-15oC) A Winter Day is a day when the temperature drops to at least -15°C. Days Agricultural Indices Growing Season Start Date The first day of the year when Tmin > 0°C (last frost) Date of Year Growing Season End Date The last day of the year when Tmin > 0°C (first frost) Date of Year Growing Season Length The number of days between the growing season start and end days (frost-free period) Days Mean Precipitation The average precipitation for a given season (or annually) mm Heavy Precipitation Days (20mm) A Heavy Precipitation Day (20 mm) is a day on which at least a total of 20 mm of rain or frozen precipitation falls. Days Page 396 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 6 Max. 1-day Precipitation (mm) The amount the precipitation that falls on the wettest day of the year. mm Max 5-day Precipitation (mm) The wettest five-day period. mm Extreme Weather Freezing Rain Events Average percentage change in the number of daily freezing rain events (≥1 hr, ≥4 hr and ≥6 hr). Days Rainfall IDF Curves The annual maximum rainfall intensity for specific durations. Common durations for design applications are: 5-min, 10-min, 15-min, 30-min, 1-hr, 2-hr, 6-hr, 12-hr, and 24-hr. Mm/h Introduction Climate change is an increasingly critical issue at the national and local level. Recent events in Canada including flooding, ice storms, and other occurrences of extreme weather over the past several decades, have highlighted the need to be prepared for ongoing challenges. The goal of the Building Adaptive Resilient Communities (BARC) Program is to build capacity within municipalities to better understand impacts resulting from climate change and develop localized climate change adaptation plans to address their community’s priority risks. Recent events in Niagara Falls include an increase in the frequency and temperatures of heatwaves, such as those experienced in 2018, 2020, 2021, and 2022. Extreme rain and flood events have been experienced in the Niagara Region nearly every year in the last 10 years, and have resulted in basement flooding, sewer backups, flooded agricultural lands and have caused road closures, infrastructure damage, shoreline erosion, overwhelmed sewer and storm water systems, park and beach closures, and power outages. Additionally, the Niagara Region experienced a severe blizzard with freezing rain, heavy snowfall, wind gusts over 105-124km/h, storm surges on Lake Erie, and -20C temperatures. Across the US border, in December of 2022, the Buffalo Region received nearly four feet of snow, hurricane force winds, whiteout conditions, and thousands of calls to emergency services over the course of four days. This report will primarily focus on changes in temperature and precipitation patterns which will affect the social, natural, built, and economic systems in Niagara Falls at the community level. The localized projections will help determine what vulnerabilities and risks the city faces as a result of climate change and inform how the City can better prepare for projected impacts and increase their resilience to them. Data Collection Data for this report was collected through several platforms. Primarily, localized climate change data was collected from three online, publicly available tools. These include: ● Climate Change Data and Scenarios Tool - Climatedata.ca ● The Climate Atlas of Canada was used to collect data relating to CMIP5 climate projections where CMIP6 data was unavailable from climatedata.ca Page 397 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 7 ● Computerized Tool for the Development of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves under Climate Change Version 6.0 - http://www.idf-cc-uwo.ca/home More information concerning these online tools are provided in the Glossary. Other information pertaining to expected climatic changes in Ontario were taken from various academic or government reports. These are identified and cited where applicable. Climate Change Modelling and Downscaling Wherever possible, the data presented in this report is based on global climate models (GCMs) and emission scenarios defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), drawing from the Sixth Assessment Reports. Data projecting temperature and precipitation changes have been constructed using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) 6 data as they are the most current global climate model data available. CMIP6 improves upon CMIP5 by including 49 climate modelling groups running 100 climate models. Many different methods exist to construct climate change scenarios, however GCMs are the most conclusive tools available for simulating responses to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, as they are based on mathematical representations of atmosphere, ocean, ice cap, and land surface processes.1 Wherever possible, this report uses an ensemble approach, which refers to a system that runs multiple climate models at once. Research has shown that this provides a more accurate projection of annual and seasonal temperatures and precipitation than a single model would on its own.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Scenarios Climate change scenarios are based on models developed by a series of international climate modeling centers. They are socioeconomic storylines used by analysts to make projections about future greenhouse gas emissions and to assess future vulnerability to climate change. Producing scenarios requires estimates of future population levels, economic activity, the structure of governance, social values, and patterns of technological change. In this report, climate change scenarios from the Fifth and Sixth IPCC Assessments are considered. SSP Scenarios - IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) are the newest set of climate change scenarios that provide the basis for IPCC’s Sixth Assessment report (AR6). While the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) used in the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) focuses on mitigation targets to address physical climate change, the SSPs focus on the underlying socioeconomic contexts which may present challenges to mitigation and adaptation policies. The SSPs incorporate socioeconomic characteristics and other human-caused climate drivers (e.g., population growth, education levels, GDP growth, income inequality, use of technology, energy use, political contexts, land-use change) to derive scenarios that describe differing influences on greenhouse gas emissions. AR6 assesses and compares the RCP and SSP scenarios and incorporates new data, new models, and updated climate research from around the world to allow for a standardized comparison of society’s choices and their resulting levels of climate change. The premise is that every radiative forcing pathway (see Glossary) can result from a diverse range of socioeconomic and technological development scenarios. SSP-based scenarios are categorized by their 1 Climatedata.ca. (2022). 2 Ibid. Page 398 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 8 relationship to both adaptation and mitigation, and their approximate total radiative forcing in the year 2100 relative to pre-industrial levels, and are labeled as SSP1-SSP5. These five pathways range from SSP1, where challenges to mitigation and adaptation are low, to SSP3 where challenges to mitigation and adaptation are both high, and the remaining SSPs are representative of the spectrum of possible societal futures. For this report, where possible, projections will use both SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5, as they represent a carbon reduced future with support of adaptation actions, and a ‘fossil-fueled development’ scenario with high challenges to mitigation and low challenges to adaptation. These scenarios were chosen because they represent a wide-range of possible future climates, have associated projections available from many different climate models, and correspond with Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 utilized in the IPCC’s AR5. Additionally, it is important that municipalities are aware of some of the most potentially dramatic effects of climate change should global emissions persist. Table 2 provides a description of SSP scenarios 1,2, and 5, while Figure 1 illustrates the projected global warming associated with the three scenarios. Table 2: IPCC Sixth Assessment Report Climate Change Scenario Characteristics3 Scenario Description SSP1-2.6 – Sustainability Taking the Green Road ● Low challenges to both mitigation and adaptation ● Policy focused on sustainable development ● Effective international cooperation ● Reduced inequality within and across countries ● Low consumption ● Low population growth SSP2-4.5 Middle of the Road ● Medium challenges to both mitigation and adaptation ● Current development and consumption patterns continue ● National and global institutions are slow to achieve sustainable development goals ● Environmental systems decline ● Slow improvements to inequality ● Moderate population growth SSP5-8.5 – Fossil-fueled Development Taking the Highway ● High challenges to mitigation, low challenges to adaptation ● Policy focused on free markets ● High consumption ● Effective international cooperation 3 Keywan Riahi, Detlef P. van Vuuren, Elmar Kriegler, Jae Edmonds, Brian C. O’Neill, Shinichiro Fujimori, Nico Bauer, Katherine Calvin, Rob Dellink, Oliver Fricko, Wolfgang Lutz, Alexander Popp, Jesus Crespo Cuaresma, Samir KC, Marian Leimbach, Leiwen Jiang, Tom Kram, Shilpa Rao, Johannes Emmerling, Kristie Ebi, Tomoko Hasegawa, Petr Havlik, Florian Humpenöder, Lara Aleluia Da Silva, Steve Smith, Elke Stehfest, Valentina Bosetti, Jiyong Eom, David Gernaat, Toshihiko Masui, Joeri Rogelj, Jessica Strefler, Laurent Drouet, Volker Krey, Gunnar Luderer, Mathijs Harmsen, Kiyoshi Takahashi, Lavinia Baumstark, Jonathan C. Doelman, Mikiko Kainuma, Zbigniew Klimont, Giacomo Marangoni, Hermann Lotze-Campen, Michael Obersteiner, Andrzej Tabeau, Massimo Tavoni, The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: An overview, Global Environmental Change, Volume 42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.009. Page 399 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 9 ● Reduced inequality ● High economic growth ● Low population growth Figure 1: Projected Global Surface Temperature Change for CMIP6 SSP Scenarios Time Periods Climatic projections are typically provided within time periods of 20-30 years. Additionally, a consistent baseline period is established so that projections can be accurately compared with historical trends. In this report, the time periods of 2021-2050 and 2051-2080 are used most frequently. In some cases, timeframes are divided into three: “2020s” (2016-2035); “2050s” (2046-2065); and “2080s” (2081- 2100). Many climate indices are also divided into seasonal periods, defined below. Table 3: Seasonal timeframes Season Months Winter December, January, February Spring March, April, May Summer June, July, August Fall September, October, November Uncertainty It is important to note that uncertainty is an integral part of the study of climate change. Uncertainty is factored into climate change scenarios, models, and data, and reflects the complex reality of environmental change and the evolving relationship between humans and the planet. Climate change cannot be predicted with absolute certainty in any given case, and all data must be considered with this Page 400 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 10 in mind. While it is not possible to anticipate future climactic changes with absolute certainty, climate change scenarios help to create plausible representations of future climate conditions. These conditions are based on assumptions of future atmospheric composition and on an understanding of the effects of increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG), particulates, and other pollutants. Temperature Ontario Over the last six decades, Canada has become warmer, with average temperatures over land increasing by 1.5°C between 1950 and 2010.4 This rate of warming is almost double the global average reported over the same period.5 Assuming emissions continue at the current rate of global output, the Province of Ontario is projected to experience an increase in annual average temperature of 4.8°C by the end of the century. Table 4 displays the expected seasonal temperature change in Ontario based on the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Climate modelling suggests that these changes will continue and the climate change associated risks will increase in the future. Table 4: Annual and Seasonal Temperature in Ontario for RCP8.5* Emissions Scenarios T Mean (℃) Baseline (1976- 2005) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High RCP8.5 Spring -0.6 -1.2 1.4 4.3 0.8 3.6 7 Summer 15.7 16.2 17.8 19.4 17.9 20 22 Fall 3.4 3.8 5.6 7.3 5.9 7.8 9.6 Winter -16.2 -16.3 -13.3 -10.3 -13.1 -10.1 -6.9 Annual 0.6 1.5 3 4.5 3.6 5.4 7.4 *Provincial wide data not available for SSP5-8.5 City of Niagara Falls Temperatures in the Niagara Falls are expected to rise in congruence with the provincial changes observed in the data above. The climatedata.ca tool was used to collect downscaled climate projections, using a baseline of 1971-2000. In Niagara Falls there is a projected annual temperature increase between 2.4°C in the immediate future and 4.6°C by 2080 from the baseline mean under scenario SSP5-8.5. Table 5 and Figure 2 depict the projected temperatures using an ensemble of global climate models and applying the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenario. Table 5: Projected Mean Temperatures for Niagara Falls (°C) by Season – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Emissions T Mean 2021-2050 2051-2080 4 Douglas, A.G. and Pearson, D. (2022). Ontario; Chapter 4 in Canada in a Changing Climate: Regional Perspectives Report, (ed.) F.J. Warren, N. Lulham, D.L. Dupuis and D.S. Lemmen; Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. 5 Ibid. Page 401 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 11 Scenarios (℃) Baseline (1971- 2000) Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.5 Spring 6.8 8.7 9.3 10 9.6 10.2 11.4 Summer 20.5 22.0 22.5 23.7 22.8 23.8 25.0 Fall 10.9 12.5 13.0 14.4 13.2 14.0 15.7 Winter -2.9 -1.0 -0.3 0.7 0.1 1.0 2.8 Annual 9.0 10.7 11.2 12.3 11.5 12.4 13.6 SSP5-8.5 Spring 6.8 8.6 9.5 10.2 10.8 11.4 12.3 Summer 20.5 22.2 22.8 24.1 23.8 25.0 27.1 Fall 10.9 12.6 13.3 14.3 14.4 15.2 17.7 Winter -2.9 -1.0 0.3 1.7 1.1 2.6 4.7 Annual 9.0 10.8 11.4 12.7 12.8 13.6 15.4 Figure 2: Projected Mean Temperature Change for Niagara Falls SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5 Hot and Cold Days Page 402 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 12 Maximum and minimum temperature trends show the average high temperatures and the average low temperatures for a given season. In terms of minimum temperatures, the baseline mean minimum temperatures across each season were 2.3, 15.5, 6.8, and -6.4°C for spring, summer, fall and winter respectively. Minimum seasonal temperatures under an SSP5-8.5 scenario are projected to increase substantially, with an increase of 4.2°C in spring, 4.4°C in summer, 4.1°C in fall and nearly 6°C in winter 2051-2080. Table 6: Projected Average Seasonal Minimum Temperatures for Niagara Falls – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Emissions Scenario T Mean (℃) Baseline (1971- 2000) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.8 Spring 2.3 3.8 4.3 5.0 4.8 5.1 6.0 Summer 15.5 17.0 17.4 18.2 17.7 18.5 19.4 Fall 6.8 8.2 8.7 10.0 9.0 9.7 11.4 Winter -6.4 -4.2 -3.6 -2.1 -2.9 -2.1 0.1 Annual 4.6 6.4 6.8 7.7 7.3 7.9 9.3 SSP5-8.5 Spring 2.3 3.8 4.6 5.1 5.9 6.5 7.2 Summer 15.5 17.1 17.7 18.6 18.9 19.9 21.3 Fall 6.8 8.3 8.9 9.8 10.1 10.9 13.3 Winter -6.4 -4.2 -2.9 -1.1 -1.8 -0.3 2.3 Annual 4.6 6.5 7.2 8.1 8.6 9.2 10.9 In terms of Average Seasonal Maximum Temperatures, seasonal average baseline temperatures for Niagara Falls were 12.0, 25.6, 15.1, and 0.6˚C for spring, summer, fall and winter respectively. Niagara Falls will experience an increase in all seasonal maximum temperatures, with Average Summer Maximum Temperatures reaching 30.3˚C in the years 2051-2080 under SSP5-8.5. Average Winter Maximum Temperatures will increase 5.5˚C by 2051-2080 according to SSP5-8.5. Table 7: Projected Average Seasonal Maximum Temperatures for Niagara Falls – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Emissions Scenarios T Mean (C˚) Baseline (1971- 2000) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.5 Spring 12.0 13.5 14.3 14.8 14.3 15.2 16.5 Summer 25.6 26.9 27.7 29.0 27.9 29,0 30.8 Fall 15.1 16.7 17.3 18.8 17.4 18.3 20.2 Winter 0.6 2.2 2.9 3.5 3.1 4.1 5.3 Annual 13.4 15.0 15.7 16.7 15.7 16.8 18.1 SSP5-8.5 Spring 12.0 13.5 14.4 15.3 15.5 16.5 17.7 Page 403 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 13 Summer 25.6 27.2 27.9 29.4 28.8 30.3 32.9 Fall 15.1 16.7 7.5 19.0 18.6 19.5 22.1 Winter 0.6 2.2 3.4 4.5 4.0 5.5 6.8 Annual 13.4 15.1 15.7 17.1 17.0 17.9 19.8 For Niagara Falls, the baseline Average Warmest Maximum Temperature was 25.5°C. According to SSP5- 8.5, the Average Warmest Maximum Temperature will increase to 27.9°C in the immediate future (2021- 2050), and 30.3°C in the near future (2051-2080) according to the scenario mean. These temperatures do not factor in additional warming due to the humidex which could make it feel 5 to 10oC warmer. These extreme temperatures can cause heat-related illnesses in not only vulnerable populations but also healthy, young adults. Days where the daily maximum temperatures exceed 30°C present the greatest threats to community health due to heat-related illnesses. Examples of these include heat cramps, heat edema, heat exhaustion, or heat stroke. Specific groups, such as those who work outside, infants and young children, older adults (over the age of 65), those with chronic medical conditions, people experiencing homelessness, people playing outdoor sports or activities, and those with limited mobility may be more adversely affected.6 Moreover, while higher summer temperatures increase electricity demand for cooling, at the same time, it also can lower the ability of transmission lines to carry power, possibly leading to electricity reliability issues during heat waves.7 The baseline average number of days when the maximum temperature was greater than or equal to 30°C was 11 days for Niagara Falls. This is expected to increase to an average of 60 days in the 2051- 2080 period under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. This means there will be nearly a six-fold increase in days above 30°C by 2080 in the City. Table 8: Extreme Heat Days (Tmax ≥30°C) for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Emissions Scenario Tmax (days) Baseline (1971- 2000) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.5 30°C or more 11 21 30 43 32 44 65 SSP5-8.5 30°C or more 11 22 33 48 43 60 91 6 Health Canada. (2011). Adapting to Extreme Heat Events: Guidelines for Assessing Health Vulnerability. Ottawa, ON. Retrieved from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/climat/adapt/index-eng.php 7 Centre for Climate and Energy Solutions (n.d.). Heat Waves and Climate Change. C2ES. Retrieved from https://www.c2es.org/content/heat-waves-and-climate-change/ Page 404 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 14 Figure 3: Projected Very Hot Days (30°C) for Niagara Falls under SSP5-8.5 The Climate Atlas of Canada defines a heat wave as three days in a row that reach or exceed 30°C and considers two variables for heatwaves; the annual average length of heat waves, and the annual number of heat waves. The annual number of heatwave events measures the average number of times per year where the temperature reaches or exceeds 30°C. The baseline number of heat waves for Niagara Falls is 1.7 as presented in Table 9. In the 2051-2080 period according to RCP8.5, Niagara Falls can expect to experience over six heat wave events per year. Table 9: Number of Annual Heat Waves for Niagara Falls - RCP4.5 and 8.5* Emissions Scenarios Baseline (1976- 2005) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High RCP4.5 1.7 1.6 4.3 7.4 2.6 5.6 8.7 RCP8.5 1.7 1.9 4.7 7.7 3.9 6.6 9.6 *Heatwave data is currently not available for SSP2-4.5 or SSP5-8.5 With regards to the average length of heat waves (in days), the Niagara Falls experienced an average of 3.4 days of heatwave conditions in the baseline period as displayed in Table 10. In the 2051-2080 period, Page 405 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 15 according to RCP8.5, Niagara Falls can expect to see an average heatwave event occurring for 8.7 days – over double the current length. Table 10: Average Annual Length of Heatwaves for Niagara Falls - RCP4.5 and 8.5* Emissions Scenarios Baseline (1976- 2005) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High RCP4.5 3.4 3.4 5.3 7.8 3.9 6.3 9.5 RCP8.5 3.4 3.6 5.6 8.4 5.0 8.7 14.0 *Heatwave data is currently not available for SSP2-4.5 or SSP5-8.5 Overall, heatwave events are projected to occur more frequently and for longer periods of time. These changes become more pronounced as time goes on, and with regards to the higher emissions scenarios. Sustained over several days at a time, these extreme temperatures will have significant impacts on the health of individuals in Niagara Falls – heat illnesses can manifest quickly, and lead to long-term health problems and even death. Overexposure to extreme heat is especially dangerous for children and elderly adults, and those who work outside or are physically active in the outdoors.8 Cold Weather Cold weather is an important aspect of life in Canada, and many places in Canada are well adapted to very cold winters. Overall, the frequency and severity of cold days are decreasing across Canada, and in Niagara Falls, while the number of hot days is increasing. However, it is important to know how our winters will change in the future, because cold temperatures affect health and safety, determine what plants and animals can live in the area, limit or enable outdoor activities, define how we design our buildings and vehicles, and shape our transportation and energy use. Winter Days Winter days, defined as a day where the temperature drops to at least -15°C, are projected to decrease in Niagara Falls. In fact, by the end of the century Niagara Falls is expected to experience zero days a year where temperatures dip below -15°C. Frost Days and Icing Days Other indicators of cold temperatures are Frost Days and Icing Days - frost and ice days can help to understand freeze and thaw patterns throughout the region, and document risks relating to morbidity and mortality from traffic accidents, damage to roads and infrastructure, facility closures and more. A frost day is a day with frost potential – meaning the minimum temperature is below 0°C. Frost days are predicted to decrease an average of 60 days, and as infrequently as 29 days by the 2080s in SSP5- 8.5. 8 Berry, P., & Schnitter, R. (Eds.). (2022). Health of Canadians in a Changing Climate: Advancing our Knowledge for Action. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada. https://changingclimate.ca/site/assets/uploads/sites/5/2022/02/CCHA-REPORT-EN.pdf Page 406 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 16 Table 11: Projected Frost Days for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Emissions Scenarios Baseline (1971-2000) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.5 123 77 98 105 51 81 92 SSP5-8.5 123 64 92 101 29 63 77 Similarly, the number of ice days are projected to decrease. Ice days are the total number of days when the when daily maximum temperature is at or below 0°C. A reduction in days below 0°C could have an impact on the survival and spread of ticks and Lyme disease, as ticks can be active in temperatures above 4°C.9 While deer ticks are most active in spring and fall, warmer winters could extend their window of activity. Icing Days are expected to decrease by nearly 75% by the 2080s in SSP5-8.5. Table 12: Projected Icing Days for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Emissions Scenarios Baseline 1976-2005 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.5 46 22 27 34 10 21 27 SSP5-8.5 46 15 25 34 5 11 19 Freeze-Thaw A freeze-thaw cycle is any day where the minimum temperature is below 0˚C and the maximum temperature is above 0˚C. The SSP5-8.5 ensembles project that freeze-thaw cycles will decrease due to overall warmer temperatures. This is likely due to the fact that overall, the days are getting warmer, and Niagara Falls is likely to experience a decrease in the number of days that reach a minimum temperature below 0°C. Under these conditions, it is likely that some water at the surface was both liquid and ice at some point during the 24-hour period. Freeze-thaw cycles can have major impacts on infrastructure. Water expands when it freezes, so the freezing, melting, and re-freezing of water can over time cause significant damage to roadways, sidewalks, and other outdoor structures. Potholes that form during the spring, or during mid-winter melts, are good examples of the damage caused by this process. Table 13: Average Annual Freeze-Thaw Cycles for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Emissions Scenarios Baseline (1971-2000) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.5 61 41 54 58 28 46 52 SSP5-8.5 61 37 52 55 13 38 46 9 Alberta Health. (2019). Lyme disease tick surveillance. Retrieved from https://www.alberta.ca/lyme-disease-tick- surveillance.aspx Page 407 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 17 Agricultural Indices Growing Season Start Date, End Date, and Length Climate change creates both risks and opportunities for Ontario agriculture. Changes in seasonal temperatures, precipitation events, the length of growing seasons, and the timing of extreme heat and cold days all determine the types of crops that can be grown now and in the future.10 While increased temperatures will extend the growing season of some crops, it will bring with it a series of deleterious factors which may negate any benefit. For instance, increased temperatures may also increase the likelihood of drought conditions, reduce the water supply for crop irrigation, improve conditions for some pests, and disrupt pollination patterns.11 Managing for increased agricultural productivity and working to reduce risks under climate change will require careful consideration of changing weather and climate conditions, as well as key landscape and soil characteristics, crop suitability, farm management options, and policy and program support.12 Agricultural indices include the start and end of the growing season, as respectively defined by the last and first frosts, as well as the total length of the growing season. The SSP5-8.5 ensembles project earlier start dates and later end dates to the growing season in Niagara Falls as shown in Table 14. The baseline start date is typically around April 19th, while the end date is typically November 1st, resulting in a growing season of approximately 194 days. According to the SSP5-8.5 ensemble, by the end of the 21st century, the growing season is projected to occur approximately 19 days earlier, while the end date will likely occur approximately 19 days later. This means, on average, the growing season will likely increase by up to 1 month, following the high emissions scenario. Table 14: Growing Season Length for Niagara Falls under SSP8.5 SSP5-8.5 Mean Start date (Date of Last Spring Frost) Mean End date (Date of First Fall Frost) Mean frost-free days 1971-2000 (Baseline) Apr. 19 Nov. 1 194 2021-2050 Apr. 10 Nov. 11 215 2051-2080 Mar. 31 Nov. 20 236 10 Prairie Climate Centre (2020). Climate Variables. Climate Atlas of Canada. Retrieved from https://climateatlas.ca/variables 11 Capital Regional District. (2017, July 17). Climate Projections for the Capital Region. Retrieved from www.crd.bc.ca: https://www.crd.bc.ca/docs/default-source/climate-action-pdf/reports/2017-07- 17_climateprojectionsforthecapitalregion_final.pdf 12 OCCIAR (2017). The Ontario Climate and Agriculture Assessment Framework. Retrieved from http://www.climateontario.ca/doc/p_OCAAF/OCAAF_FinalReport_June2017.pdf Page 408 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 18 Precipitation Ontario Canada has, on average, become wetter during the past half century, with average precipitation across the country increasing by approximately 20%.13 Other parts of the country can expect to see a significant percentage increase in precipitation, particularly Northern Canada, projections for Ontario show less dramatic changes to precipitation patterns. Below are the projected precipitation changes for the province of Ontario under the RCP8.5 scenario. Table 15: Projected Annual Precipitation (mm) by Season for Ontario – RCP8.5* Emissions Scenario Total Precipitation (mm) Baseline 1976- 2005 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High RCP8.5 Spring 136 110 147 185 119 160 205 Summer 224 180 229 181 173 225 278 Fall 202 170 216 263 174 222 276 Winter 122 106 136 168 118 151 183 Annual 684 637 728 814 665 758 853 *Provincial wide data not available for SSP5-8.5 Niagara Falls On a seasonal basis, in Niagara Falls, spring, winter and autumn precipitation accumulations are projected to increase by the end of the century with spring and winter experiencing the greatest increases. These seasonal trends, including relatively stable summer rainfall amounts paired with the projected increases in summer temperatures and heatwave lengths may lead to increased instances of drought. Table 16 presents the precipitation accumulation projections for Niagara Falls according to seasons under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. Figure 4 presents the precipitation accumulation projections for Niagara Falls according to SSP5-8.5. For Niagara Falls, the baseline average annual precipitation 840 mm. In a high emission scenario, Niagara Falls can expect to experience an average annual precipitation increase of 63mm during 2021- 2050 and 105mm during 2051-2080. Table 16: Projected Annual Precipitation (mm) by Season for Niagara Falls – SSP2-4.5 and SSP5- 8.5 Emissions Scenario Total Precipitation (mm) Baseline (1971- 2000) 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High SSP2-4.5 Spring 214 219 228 248 228 240 259 Summer 213 201 219 235 195 218 239 Fall 231 226 239 254 223 247 262 Winter 201 203 221 229 220 238 253 13 Natural Resources Canada. (2019) Canada in a Changing Climate. https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/energy/Climate-change/pdf/CCCR_FULLREPORT-EN- FINAL.pdf Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON. p.156. Page 409 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 19 Annual 840 865 891 924 882 930 963 SSP5-8.5 Spring 214 219 234 252 225 252 270 Summer 213 198 223 243 183 222 243 Fall 231 216 238 261 219 252 264 Winter 201 221 229 241 228 245 255 Annual 849 858 903 937 889 945 986 Extreme Weather Events Canada has seen more frequent and intense extreme events over the last 50-60 years than ever before. These events come in the form of extreme heat days, more instances of extreme precipitation and flooding, wind storms, wildfires, and ice storms. Over the last forty years, extreme weather events have resulted in damages of $31 Billion In Canada alone, with global costs estimated at nearly $5 Trillion. The likelihood and the severity of these events are increasing with climate change, and are expected to cause hundreds of trillions of dollars in economic damage globally.14 Extreme weather events will affect communities across Canada, from damage to infrastructure and critical services, to economic and industry productivity, and the health of vulnerable populations.15 Future extreme weather models predict shorter return periods of extreme events – that is, an increase in the likelihood of 25, 50, and 100 year events – in the future. Heavy or Extreme Precipitation Extreme and heavy rain events are expected to become more intense and more frequent.16 As Southern Ontario is the most intensely urbanized area of the province, the magnitude and costs to insured and uninsured damages associated with flooding is significantly higher than elsewhere in the province.17 Extreme rain and flood events have been experienced in the Niagara Region nearly every year in the last 14 Feltmate, B. and M. Moudrak. 2021. Climate Change and the Preparedness of 16 Major Canadian Cities to Limit Flood Risk. Intact Centre on Climate Adaptation, University of Waterloo 15 Ibid. 16 Chiotti, Q. and Lavender, B. (2008): Ontario; in From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate, 2007, edited by D.S. Lemmen, F.J. Warren, J. Lacroix and E. Bush; Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, p. 227-274. 17 Feltmate, B. and M. Moudrak. 2021. Climate Change and the Preparedness of 16 Major Canadian Cities to Limit Flood Risk. Intact Centre on Climate Adaptation, University of Waterloo Page 410 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 20 10 years, and with projected increases in annual precipitation there is the potential of increased flood risk and high intensity storms. The projections of several extreme precipitation indices are presented in this section. Heavy Precipitation Days (both 10 mm and 20 mm) are days on which at least a total of 10 mm (or 20 mm) of rain or frozen precipitation falls. Frozen precipitation is measured according to its liquid equivalent: 10 cm of snow is usually about 10 mm of precipitation.18 Max 1-Day precipitation and Max-5 Day precipitation indicate the amount of precipitation that falls on the wettest day of the year, and the five wettest days of the year respectively. The Max 1-Day precipitation amount could be the result of a short but intense precipitation event such as a storm or because a moderate amount of snow/rain falls continuously all day, rather than all at once. Table 17 shows the projected Heavy Precipitation Days (both 10 mm and 20 mm), as well as the Max 1- Day and 5-Day Precipitation for Niagara Falls. Table 17: Extreme Precipitation Indices for Niagara Falls - SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 Variable Emissions Scenario Baseline 1976-2005 2021-2050 2051-2080 Low Mean High Low Mean High Wet Days (>=10 mm) SSP2-4.5 26 27 28 30 27 30 31 SSP5-8.5 26 27 29 30 28 30 32 Wet Days (>=20 mm) SSP2-4.5 6 7 8 8 7 8 9 SSP5-8.5 6 6 8 8 8 9 10 Max 1-Day Precipitation (mm) SSP2-4.5 39 38 42 45 42 45 49 SSP5-8.5 39 39 43 46 42 46 49 Max 5-Day Precipitation (mm) SSP2-4.5 66 66 71 78 69 75 81 SSP5-8.5 66 67 72 76 73 78 84 Heavy Precipitation Days in Niagara Falls are expected to increase by approximately 4 days for 10 mm days and 3 days for 20 mm days according to SSP5-8.5 by 2051-2080. Maximum 1-Day and 5-day events are also expected to increase in the city, with the greatest increase in 5-day events. For example, Max 5- Day events are projected to increase from a baseline of 66 mm to 78 mm by 2051-2080 for RCP8.5. Intensity-Duration-Frequency Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves represent one way to analyze and predict heavy precipitation under a changing climate. They provide a graphical representation of the probability that a given average rainfall intensity will occur. Rainfall Intensity (mm/hr), Rainfall Duration (how many hours it rained at that intensity) and Rainfall Frequency/Return Period (how often that rain storm repeats itself) are the parameters that make up the axes of the graph of IDF curve.19 18 Prairie Climate Centre (2020). Climate Variables. Climate Atlas of Canada. Retrieved from https://climateatlas.ca/variables 19 IDF Curve. The Climate Workspace. Accessed from: http://www.glisaclimate.org/node/2341 Page 411 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 21 The Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction (ICLR) and the University Waterloo’s Facility for Intelligent Decision Support has developed a tool that assists users in developing and updating IDF curves using precipitation data from existing Environment Canada hydro-meteorological stations. Available precipitation data is integrated with predictions obtained from Global Climate Models to assess the impacts of climate change on IDF curves. Global climate models and scenarios developed for the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) are used to provide future climate projections. The station selected to produce localized IDF curves for Niagara Falls was the Niagara Falls Station. Projections are based on increases from the precipitation rate baseline, which is the average amount of precipitation in the years the station was active. For the Niagara Falls Station, this baseline was calculated between 1965 and 1990. Table 18 and Figure 5 depict baseline precipitation intensity for Niagara Falls. Table 18: Baseline Precipitation Intensity Rates for Niagara Falls (mm/h) (1965-1990) T (years) 2 5 10 20 25 50 100 5 min 85.47 114.01 132.60 150.21 155.75 172.68 189.29 10 min 64.49 82.78 92.71 100.89 103.24 109.80 115.43 15 min 54.42 70.35 79.16 86.51 88.64 94.65 99.87 30 min 34.87 45.70 52.83 59.65 61.81 68.44 75.00 1 h 20.35 27.75 33.49 39.72 41.86 49.01 56.99 2 h 12.59 16.82 19.98 23.30 24.42 28.08 32.05 6 h 6.21 7.85 8.81 9.63 9.87 10.58 11.21 12 h 3.59 4.66 5.41 6.16 6.41 7.19 8.00 24 h 2.04 2.61 3.00 3.40 3.53 3.94 4.36 Page 412 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 22 Figure 5: Baseline Precipitation Intensity Rates for Niagara Falls (mm/h) (1993-2017) Tables 19 and 20, and Figures 6 and 7 below represent the change in IDF curves under a high emissions scenario. The projections cover a 30-year frame from 2021-2050, and 2051-2080. As seen in the graphs, the intensity of rainfall is projected to increase. While longer, more frequent rainfall events (e.g. a typical rainy day) will bring slightly higher amounts of rain, the intensity of rainfall during more infrequent, extreme storms (i.e. 1 in 20, 25, 50, 100-year storms) is projected to significantly increase. Table 19: Projected Precipitation Intensity Rates (mm/h) for Niagara Fall 2021-2050 under SSP5-8.5 T (years) 2 5 10 20 25 50 100 5 min 92.23 122.16 144.36 168.88 177.46 200.78 226.10 10 min 69.40 88.69 101.26 114.31 118.26 127.55 138.51 15 min 58.56 75.37 86.43 98.02 101.62 110.07 119.70 30 min 37.67 48.84 57.40 66.97 70.42 79.72 90.33 1 h 21.94 29.69 35.99 43.88 47.00 56.35 65.74 2 h 13.58 18.00 21.53 25.87 27.57 32.46 37.63 6 h 6.71 8.44 9.61 10.85 11.28 12.31 13.33 12 h 3.87 4.98 5.84 6.88 7.27 8.35 9.59 24 h 2.31 2.96 3.44 4.03 4.20 4.77 5.39 Page 413 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 23 Figure 5: Projected Precipitation Intensity Rates (mm/h) for Niagara Falls 2021-2050 under SSP5- 8.5 Table 20: Projected Precipitation Intensity Rates (mm/h) for Niagara Fall 2051-2080 under SSP5-8.5 T (years) 2 5 10 20 25 50 100 5 min 98.32 132.71 156.36 181.94 190.04 216.22 239.41 10 min 73.94 96.72 110.04 122.02 125.28 135.95 145.88 15 min 62.41 82.19 93.93 104.69 107.64 117.38 126.14 30 min 40.13 53.14 62.24 72.13 75.33 85.64 94.90 1 h 23.51 32.11 39.14 47.15 49.83 60.57 72.44 2 h 14.53 19.49 23.41 27.83 29.28 34.85 40.76 6 h 7.13 9.16 10.41 11.66 12.03 13.18 14.15 12 h 4.14 5.40 6.35 7.40 7.75 8.95 10.18 24 h 2.35 3.02 3.53 4.08 4.27 4.91 5.55 Page 414 of 610 Appendix B: Climate Science Report 24 Figure 6: Projected Precipitation Intensity Rates (mm/h) for Niagara Falls 2021-2050 under SSP5- 8.5 The projected IDFs curves above demonstrate that the intensity (mm/h) of rainfall will increase, with more rain falling in shorter time periods. Storms that occur less frequently (e.g. 100-year storms) are projected to see the greatest increase in intensity. Furthermore, such heavy precipitation events are projected to become more common than they once were. Freezing Rain A study conducted by the Meteorological Service of Canada and the Science and Technology branch of Environment Canada observed the possible impacts of climate change on freezing rain using downscaled future climate scenarios for Eastern Canada. This study used climate scenarios from the IPCC AR4 report. Region I of the study encompasses a portion of Southwestern Ontario, including Niagara Falls. The study conducted analysis on the projected average percentage change in the number of daily freezing rain events. Figure 7 presents the averaged percentage change in the number of daily freezing rain events for ≥1 h, ≥4 h and ≥6 h events per day. The percentage increase is most pronounced in the months of January, with slight changes in the months of December and February, and an overall decrease in the months of November, March and April. Severe freezing rain events (>6 h per day) are projected to increase up to 30% by 2100.20 20 Chad Shouquan Cheng , Guilong Li & Heather Auld (2011) Possible Impacts of Climate Change on Freezing Rain Using Downscaled Future Climate Scenarios: Updated for Eastern Canada, Atmosphere-Ocean, 49:1, 8-21, DOI: 10.1080/07055900.2011.555728 Page 415 of 610 22 Ibid. 23 Ibid. Appendix B: Climate Science Report 25 Figure 7: The average percentage change in the number of daily freezing rain events (%) for Region I relative to 1957-2007 baseline conditions Water Levels The Great Lakes Basin The Great Lakes Basin, including both within Canada and the U.S., covers more than 765,000 square kilometers and contains 21% of the world’s fresh surface water.21 Climate change is expected to impact the Great Lakes in the form changes to ice cover, warming water temperature, and increased variability of water levels. Annual surface water temperatures of the Great Lakes have increased between 0.02°C and 0.06°C per year since 1980 and are expected to continue to warm under a changing climate, and warming air temperatures have contributed to a 71% decline in annual ice cover across the Great Lakes in the period of 1973-2010.22 Year to year variability in water levels is expected to remain large, as the period from 1998-2013 saw lower than average water levels across the lakes, with near or above high- record water levels experienced in July of 2019 (see table 21).23 Table 21: July 2019 Monthly Mean Water Levels Lake Compared to Monthly Average (1918-2019) Compared to 2018 Superior 35 cm above 21 cm above Michigan 79 cm above 39 cm above Erie 80 cm above 31 cm above Huron 79 cm above 74 cm above 21 Douglas, A.G. and Pearson, D. (2022). Ontario; Chapter 4 in Canada in a Changing Climate: Regional Perspectives Report, (ed.) F.J. Warren, N. Lulham, D.L. Dupuis and D.S. Lemmen; Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. https://changingclimate.ca/regional-perspectives/chapter/3-0/ Page 416 of 610 27 Ibid. 28 Ibid. Appendix B: Climate Science Report 26 These changes can have major regional impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity, commercial and industrial activities such as energy generation, shipping, and tourism, reduced water quality and quantity, strain on water treatment infrastructure, less opportunities for recreation, significant damage to infrastructure and property, and physical and psychological impacts to human health.24 Water Temperatures Increases in nearshore temperatures have been recorded at several locations around the Great Lakes since the 1920s. They are most pronounced in the spring and fall and are positively correlated with trends in global mean air temperature.25 With changing climatic conditions in Ontario, wetlands in Southern Ontario are particularly vulnerable to drying. Animals and plants that require wetland habitat will be threatened, and the ecosystem services provided by wetlands will be diminished. Stream temperatures in Lake Ontario are also expected to increase by up to 1.4°C.26 In Lake Ontario under a high emissions scenario, 23% of the streams may warm from coldwater to coolwater habitat.27 This change can cause decreased presence of coldwater fish while increasing coolwater habitat, altering species makeup and possibly leading to increased spread of invasives. Furthermore, warmer temperatures will affect walleye (coolwater species) biomass, causing a decline of ~10-15% in the Lake Ontario basin.28 Table 22 below depicts the predicted maximum surface temperatures in the Lake Ontario basin. The predicted temperatures were developed using ensemble climate projections of air temperature under the IPCC Fourth Assessment scenarios. The high emissions scenario (A2) projections are displayed below. The time periods for the projections include the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s. Table 22: Maximum Surface Temperature Projections for Lake Ontario Basin Basin # of main stem lakes Current 2020s 2050s 2080s Ontario 893 23.9⁰C 25.6⁰C 27.1⁰C 28.9⁰C Conclusion The information provided in this report provides a clear indication that climate change is affecting Canada, and specifically Niagara Falls. Rising annual temperatures as well as increases in precipitation and extreme events are major climate impacts that can have tremendous ecological, infrastructural, economic, and sociological effects for the community. This report is meant to act as a background and an introduction to climate change in this area, and additional research should be conducted to retrieve more precise downscaled climate projections where available. 24 Ibid. 25 Chu, Cindy. (2016). Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for Inland Aquatic Ecosystems in the Great Lakes Basin, Ontario. Retrieved from: http://www.climateontario.ca/MNR_Publications/CCRR-43.pdf 26 Ibid. Page 417 of 610 PBD-2023-54 Report Report to: Mayor and Council Date: September 12, 2023 Title: Community Improvement Plan Incentive Programs Review Initiation Report Recommendation(s) 1. Council receive this report regarding the initiation of a review of the Incentive Programs for the City’s Community Improvement Plans. 2. Council authorize staff to consult key stakeholders through the incentives review process. 3. Council direct Staff to delegate the approval authority for simple grant CIP applications to Staff as discussed in this report. Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to formally advise Council of the initiation of the Community Improvement Plan (CIP) incentives review process that would ultimately lead to a staff recommendation about the future of City incentive programs. The purpose of this review is to assess the effectiveness and relevance of current programs which have shown limited uptake from applicants. Additionally, a review of the City’s CIP incentive programs is essential to ensure they align with Niagara Region’s new incentives. Staff are seeking Council’s authorization to consult key stakeholders of the CIP process which includes local Business Improvement Areas groups (BIAs), internal staff, and affected agencies. Furthermore, staff are requesting that simple grant CIP applications are included in the delegation of authority Official Plan Amendment and new delegation by-law approved through PBD-2023-16. Background The City currently has five active CIP programs with several incentives under each program including Downtown, Historic Drummondville, Brownfields, Lundy’s Lane, and Niagara Economic Gateway. City Council introduced CIP Programs to incentivize certain areas of the City, usually for a 10-year period. The first CIPs (Downtown & Drummondville) of the current programs were initiated in 2006, some of which have been in effect for more than the intended 10-year time frame and have had limited interest. A breakdown of applications for the CIP programs is included in Appendix A. Page 1 of 10 Page 418 of 610 The City also offers a Development Charge exemption for new residential development of between 75% (Downtown, Historic Drummondville and Brownfield) and 100% (Brownfield only subject to specific criteria) under the three CIPs. In October 2021, Regional Council approved the new Niagara Region Incentive Policy and its programs, which align with the Region’s Strategic Priorities of affordable housing, employment, brownfields, and public realm improvement. Regional Council also extended some existing Regional incentive programs to provide a transitional time period for the City to review and align its programs with the Region while allowing some current applications to continue up until October 2023 and others until 2024. As this deadline is approaching the City will need to review the current CIPs to ensure they align with the new Regional Incentives and enable maximum funding from the Region. Currently, all CIP applications are reviewed by Staff and forwarded with a planning report to Council for approval with timing dependent on Council’s schedule (except for Environmental Study Grants which are approved by Staff). The maximum grant amounts for simple grants (Commercial Building and Façade Improvement Grants and Environmental Study Grants) are $25,000 and within the spending authority of the Director of Planning. Analysis The City’s current CIP incentive programs have been in place for several years, but their effectiveness has decreased over time (see Appendix A). The lack of interest and participation from potential applicants indicates a need for re-evaluation and revision of the programs. Additionally, new Regional Incentive programs have been introduced that offer enhanced funding options, which would greatly benefit the community if the City’s programs aligned. The new Regional incentives policy creates a number of new programs that align with the four pillars of Regional priorities and responsibilities: Affordable Housing, Employment, Brownfield Remediation, and Public Realm. For example, under the Affordable Housing pillar new incentives include a Residential Rental Grant for the creation of accessory dwelling units which will remain at affordable rental rates for ten years as well as several other grants and forgivable loans to incentivize the creation and maintenance of affordable housing. The Employment pillar will continue to offer the Niagara Economic Gateway program with minor changes. The Brownfield Remediation continues to offer the tax increment grant with a new two-tier system. The Public Realm offers a new grant for public realm enhancements on Regional roads and in core areas. The changes in Regional incentives and their impact on City CIPs is summarized in Appendix B. The CIP incentives are of greater value to an applicant with the Region’s participation. Should Regional funding not be available, the incentive programs at the City will continue to offer the City portion of the grants (i.e., 25% matching grants or a rebate of City taxes only for revitalization grants, rather than a 50% matching or a rebate for City Page 2 of 10 Page 419 of 610 and Regional taxes). Conducting a CIP review would benefit applicants by better aligning the City’s programs with the new Regional Incentives to provide more funding for eligible projects. The objectives of the review include: • Assess program effectiveness by analyzing the number of applications received, approved projects, the overall economic impact generated, and identify any shortcomings and challenges faced by applicants, and key stakeholders. • Examine program eligibility requirements, application process, and evaluation criteria of current programs and compare with Regional incentives to identify gaps and inconsistencies. • Analyze the funding options and incentives offered by the new Regional programs and evaluate how aligning City programs can maximize funding potential. • Conduct consultation with stakeholders including BIAs, internal staff, affected agencies, and the development community to seek their input, feedback, and gather insights on the strengths and weaknesses of the existing programs. • Collaborate with Niagara Region to ensure coordination and alignment with their initiatives. Delegation In report PBD-2023-16, Council authorized staff to proceed with amendments to the City’s Official Plan to delegate authority to staff for approval of certain development applications and that staff bring a future report at a Public Meeting with draft by-laws regarding the delegation of authority. Upon review, staff are also recommending that CIP applications that are simple grants be delegated to staff for approval to streamline the approval process. Simple grants include Commercial Building and Façade Improvement Grants (CBFIG) under the Downtown, Historic Drummondville and Lundy’s Lane CIP programs which promote the restoration, improvement, and maintenance of the facades of existing commercial and mixed-use buildings, and Environmental Study grants under the City- Wide Brownfields CIP program which help offset the cost of completing environmental studies. Environmental Study Grants are already delegated to Staff. The CBFIG provide a maximum of $10,000 for commercial improvement and $10,000 for the façade improvement for a total of $20,000. CBFIGs typically average about $11,000 per property which is within the spending authority of the Director of Planning. Council has allocated a budget of $180,000 for 2023 dispersed across all five CIP programs, with simple CIP grants being well within that amount. Depending on the outcome of the CIP review, the current simple grant programs may change, however, the delegation is intended to continue for future simple grants that are within the spending authority of the Director ($25,000) to streamline the CIP process. Page 3 of 10 Page 420 of 610 Currently, these grants are required to be approved by Council. This process takes 4-5 weeks to complete as it is required to go on Council’s agenda for a decision. Delegating this authority could significantly reduce processing time, from a 7 week to 2 -week grant approval process. In today’s construction climate, this could result in cost savings relative to materials and labour costs. Planning staff would continue to circulate to internal departments before a decision would be made to approve the grant application. If delegation is supported by Council, the delegation can be added to the Official Plan Amendment and new delegation by-law approved through PBD-2023-16. Additionally, should delegation be supported, Staff propose quarterly reporting of Staff approved CIP simple grants to keep Council informed. Next Steps A detailed review of the City CIP programs, including internal and external consultations as outlined within this report will be completed. Based on the findings of the review, staff will forward options to Council regarding the possible changes to the CIP incentives program. These may include: • Amending CIP programs to align with regional incentive programs. • Ending current underutilized incentives. • Creating new incentive options to align with regional strategic goals and Council’s Strategic Plan. • The creation of a new City CIP to address affordable housing as per recommendation 17 in the City’s approved Housing Strategy. Financial Implications/Budget Impact There are no direct financial implications arising from this report. Strategic/Departmental Alignment The City’s CIPs contribute to the Economic Growth and Prosperity Priority of the City by providing incentives for private sector reinvestment into the City. Recommended changes or additions will be in line with Council’s 2023-2027 Strategic Priorities. List of Attachments APPENDIX A - Summary of CIP Activity 2007-2022 APPENDIX B - Summary of City CIPs Regional Alignment Written by: Danielle Foley, Planning Student Submitted by: Status: Andrew Bryce, Director of Planning Approved - 01 Sep 2023 Page 4 of 10 Page 421 of 610 Kira Dolch, General Manager, Planning, Building & Development Approved - 05 Sep 2023 Jason Burgess, CAO Approved - 06 Sep 2023 Page 5 of 10 Page 422 of 610 APPENDIX A – Summary of CIP Activity 2007-2022 CIP Incentive Applications 2007-2016 Applications 2017-2022 Total Applications Comments Downtown (2007) Commercial Building and Façade Improvement Grant - To promote the restoration and improvement of the facades of commercial and mixed-use buildings and promote the maintenance and physical improvement of existing buildings and properties. 88 2 90 Downtown and Historic Drummondville CIPs have been in effect since 2008 and have seen limited activity since 2020. Revitalization Grant - To provide financial incentive to help offset the increased property taxes that result from the rehabilitation of downtown residential and commercial properties. 3 2 5 Residential Loan - To provide a 0% interest loan to promote the: conversion of non- residential buildings to residential use; upgrade of existing residential buildings to meet Building Code, Fire Code and Property Standards By- law; and construction of residential units on vacant properties. 8 0 8 Drummondville (2007) Commercial Building and Façade Improvement Grant - To promote the restoration and improvement of the facades of commercial and mixed-use buildings and promote the maintenance and physical improvement of existing buildings and properties. 40 2 42 Revitalization Grant - To provide financial incentive to help offset the increased property taxes that result from the rehabilitation of downtown residential and commercial properties. 3 3 6 Page 6 of 10Page 423 of 610 Residential Loan - To provide a 0% interest loan to promote the: conversion of non- residential buildings to residential use; upgrade of existing residential buildings to meet Building Code, Fire Code and Property Standards By- law; and construction of residential units on vacant properties. 2 0 2 Lundy’s Lane (2018) Commercial Façade, Landscaping and Property Improvement Grant - To promote building rehabilitation and facade improvement of existing commercial and mixed use (commercial/residential) buildings. 0 1 1 The Lundy’s Lane CIP has had two applications since its adoption in 2018. Regional participation in the Lundy’s Lane CIP programs was affected by the Regional CIP review, which put a hold on those CIPs that were approved or modified during their review process. As the Region is now contributing to the Lundy’s Lane program interest in this incentive is slowly on the rise. Adaptive Reuse & Motel Revitalization Grant Program - To provide a financial incentive in the form of a grant to promote the conversion of existing vacant spaces or existing uses to new, more viable commercial uses. 0 0 0 Tax Increment Based Grant - To provide a financial incentive to help offset the increased property taxes that result from the rehabilitating, redeveloping, or developing buildings and properties. 0 1 1 Brownfields (2006) Environmental Study Grant - a grant to help offset the cost of conducting a Phase II Environmental Assessment, Remedial Work Plan, and/or Risk Assessments/Risk Management Plans. 4 15 19 Interest in the Environmental Study Grant program has seen consistent activity over the past 3 years. This incentive offers financial assistance for the preparation of Phase II Environmental Site Assessments or Remediation Plans. Rehabilitation Grant - To provide a financial incentive in the form of a freeze of property taxes for up to 5 years to help offset the costs of 3 1 4 The City-Wide Brownfield CIP Tax Assistance/Rehabilitation Page 7 of 10Page 424 of 610 remediation and to provide financial incentive in the form of an annual grant for up to 10 years after Tax Assistance Program ends to offset the costs of remediation and redevelopment. Grant has received limited interest with only four applications having been received since 2008, however the recent trend has been towards an increase in inquiries. Economic Gateway (2015) Tax Increment Based Grant Program and Development Charge Grant Application - a tax increment based grant following completion of an eligible project involving development, redevelopment, construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation or adaptive reuse of buildings and properties on employment lands where that project creates an increase in assessment. 7 9 16 The Economic Gateway CIP and corresponding Municipal Employment Incentive has had continued interest with five new applications since 2020. Municipal employment Incentive Program - offers further incentives at the Municipal level for development that qualifies under the Tax Increment Based Grant Program including planning application Fee waivers, building permit fee rebates and study grants. 1 8 9 Page 8 of 10Page 425 of 610 APPENDIX B – Summary of City CIPs Regional Alignment Program Incentive Regional Alignment Downtown CIP Commercial Building and Façade Improvement Grant Expires October 2023 No Transition This program will no longer receive any Regional contribution Revitalization Grant Expires October 2024 Replaced by Brownfields Tax Increment Grants. Residential Loan Expires October 2023 No Transition Region will no longer contribute to loan program. Replaced by Small Building Rental grant program, however program would need to transition from a Loan to a Grant. Historic Drummondville CIP Commercial Building and Façade Improvement Grant Expires October 2023 No Transition This program will no longer receive any Regional contribution Revitalization Grant Expires October 2024 Replaced by Brownfields Tax Increment Grants. Residential Loan Expires October 2023 No Transition Region will no longer contribute to loan program. Replaced by Small Building Rental grant program, however program would need to transition from a Loan to a Grant Lundy’s Lane CIP Commercial Façade, Landscaping and Property Improvement Grant Expires October 2023 No Transition This program will no longer receive any Regional contribution Adaptive Reuse & Motel Revitalization Grant Expires October 2024 This program will no longer receive any Regional contribution Tax Increment Based Grant Expires October 2024 Replaced by Brownfields Tax Increment Grants. Brownfield CIP Environmental Study Grant Expires October 2023 This program will no longer receive any Page 9 of 10 Page 426 of 610 Regional contribution. Studies will be considered eligible costs under new Regional brownfield incentive programs Rehabilitation Grant Expires October 2023 Regional contribution will continue, however assessed based on a two-tier system (Tiers based on remediation costs). Niagara Gateway Economic Zone CIP Tax Increment Based Grant and Development Charge Grant Program will continue A matching tax increment grant for projects in the Gateway CIP area with eligible scores on economic and environmental criteria which result in increased assessment value Municipal Employment Incentive Program No Regional contribution; City incentive. Program will continue. Page 10 of 10 Page 427 of 610 PBD-2023-55 Report Report to: Mayor and Council Date: September 12, 2023 Title: 2023 Provincial Planning Statement Natural Heritage Policies Recommendation(s) That Council receive this report for information. Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to inform Council that the Province released the natural heritage policies for the proposed Provincial Planning Statement on June 16, 2023. In comparison to the existing Provincial Policy Statement (2020), the wording of the natural heritage policies and associated definitions appear to be generally unaltered. Minor technical modifications are proposed to some natural heritage definitions. As the A Place to Grow: Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe (Provincial Growth Plan) and its Natural Heritage System’s policies are proposed to be merged into the proposed 2023 Provincial Planning Statement, the implications of these proposed changes will be carefully monitored as the City undertakes the creation of its new Official Plan. Background On April 6, 2023, the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing introduced a new 2023 Provincial Planning Statement. The new proposed 2023 Provincial Planning Stat ement replaces and combines the existing Provincial Policy Statement (2020), A Place to Grow: Growth Plan for the Golden Horseshoe (Provincial Growth Plan) (2019) and the Provincial Policy Statement for Northern Ontario into a new single province -wide policy document with a focus on housing. At its May 30th meeting, staff informed Council of the new proposed 2023 Provincial Planning Statement (PPS) and its potential implications via PBD 2023-32. At the time of that report’s writing, the natural heritage policies and related definitions were deferred as they remained under consideration by the Province. Staff reported that when the Province makes changes to the natural heritage policies and related definitions, staff will report back to Council on those changes. On June 16, 2023, the natural heritage policies and associated definitions were released by the Province for comment. Analysis Page 1 of 3 Page 428 of 610 A review of the natural heritage policies for the proposed 2023 Provincial Planning Statement shows that the natural heritage policies appear to be generally unaltered from the existing 2020 Provincial Policy Statement. It is noted that the Province did no t include a policy which prevents municipalities from going beyond the minimum standards of the proposed Provincial Planning Statement. This would suggest that natural heritage systems that go beyond minimum standards such as Niagara Region’s Option 3C (implemented in the Region’s new Official Plan) would still be considered consistent with the proposed 2023 Provincial Planning Statement. With respect to natural heritage definitions, there appears to be some minor technical modifications that are proposed. For example, the definition of “significant” as it applies to wetlands has been updated to reflect the revised process for identifying provincially significant wetlands which was introduced in 2022 by the Province under Bill 23, More Homes Built Faster Act, 2022. Under Bill 23, the Province removed the ability to wetland complex, whereby provincially significant wetlands in close proximity to one another could be effectively grouped together in recognition of their environmental connection from an ecological perspective. Ungrouped, individual wetlands could experience a decrease in environmental protection as wetlands currently designated as significant, because they are part of a wetland complex which could lose that designation on a reassessment. Further, under Bill 23 the responsibility for wetland assessments has shifted from Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry staff to private wetland assessors. Second, “habitat of endangered species and threatened species” has been removed from the definition of “natural heritage features and areas.” This change is not considered significant given that proposed Policy 4.1.7 of the 2023 PPS continues to prohibit development and site alteration in the habitat of endangered species and threatened species, except in accordance with provincial and federal requirements (i.e. such as conducting scientific research related to the conservation of the species) and these habitats would be continued to be protected through the Endangered Species Act. Provincial Growth Plan: Natural Heritage System When the updated Provincial Growth Plan was released in 2017 and subsequently revised in 2019, it included policies, definitions, and mapping for the Growth Plan’s Natural Heritage System. The Natural Heritage System for the Growth Plan is composed of natural heritage features and areas linked by natural corridors to maintain biological and geological diversity, natural functions and viable populations of indigenous species and ecosystems. Accordingly, municipalities would be required to incorporate the policies and mapping into their respective official plans when they undertook updates. Niagara Region’s Official Plan, approved by the Province in November 2022, included the Natural Heritage System for the Growth Plan. As the proposed Provincial Planning Statement (2023) is scheduled to absorb both the PPS (2020) and the Provincial Growth Plan (2019), the Growth Plan policy document will Page 2 of 3 Page 429 of 610 cease to exist. As the Natural Heritage System for the Growth Plan is not to be included into the proposed PPS (2023) it would no longer be Provincial policy. The City will soon commence the process to create a new Official Plan that will need to conform with Provincial and Regional plans and policies, namely the new Niagara Region Official Plan. The implications of the proposed changes will be carefully monitored through the creation of new official plan policies. It is staff’s understanding that Niagara Region is seeking guidance from the Province for municipalities that have already fu lly integrated the Natural Heritage System of the Provincial Growth Plan into their municipal official plans. City staff will closely monitor the outcome of those discussions and report back to Council if necessary. Financial Implications/Budget Impact It is anticipated that the implementation of the 2023 PPS’s natural heritage policies will not have any known financial implications to the municipality. Strategic/Departmental Alignment The 2023 Provincial Planning Statement's natural heritage policies and associated definitions impacts the City’s strategic priority of Healthy, Safe and Livable Community. Written by: Brian Dick, Manager of Policy Planning Submitted by: Status: Andrew Bryce, Director of Planning Approved - 06 Sep 2023 Kira Dolch, General Manager, Planning, Building & Development Approved - 06 Sep 2023 Jason Burgess, CAO Approved - 06 Sep 2023 Page 3 of 3 Page 430 of 610 PBD-2023-56 Report Report to: Mayor and Council Date: September 12, 2023 Title: Quarter 2 Development and Housing Report and Provincial Reporting Recommendation(s) 1. That Council receive the Quarter 2 Development and Housing Report that reviews the status of current development and housing activity in the City for the second quarter of 2023. 2. That Council direct staff to forward the housing information to the Province as required. Executive Summary As part of the More Homes for Everyone Act, 2022, the Planning Act was amended to give the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing the authority to require municipalities and planning boards to report information on planning matters. The purpose of this reporting Plan Action Supply Housing the to progress the measure is towards commitments which includes the City of Niagara Falls Housing Pledge to build 8,000 homes in the next 10 years. The Province has mandated specific data to be reported on a quarterly or annual basis. The information and data collected for the provincial reporting is included in this report for Council’s information. This report informs Council about development and activity that occurred in the City during the second quarter of 2023. As part of the strategy to manage and plan for the City’s future, the report provides hard data to show how much development has occurred in the second quarter (April to June) of 2023. Analysis The report provides Council with a quarterly review of building and development activity that occurred in the City of Niagara Falls in the second quarter of 2023 (ending June 30). In addition, it allows for benchmarking of service levels. The report in Appendix 1 will set out the detailed statistics that are required to be submitted to the Provincial Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing quarterly. There is also additional data that is to be submitted annually. Residential Development: Building Permits Page 1 of 19 Page 431 of 610 Niagara Falls issued 17 residential building permits in the second quarter of 2023 which is a modest improvement of the 6 residential building permits issued in the first quarter of 2022. Eleven (11) single detached building permits, 2 semi-detached permits, and 4 townhouse unit permits were issued in Q2 of 2023. In general, new residential construction is down in Niagara Falls in the first half of 2023 and this trend is reflected in many Ontario communities. Higher borrowing costs and a tight skilled labour market has translated into a slowdown in new home construction. The average estimated value of a dwelling unit during the second quarter was $727,217 which was higher than the first quarter average value of $583,333. There are cu rrently 927 building lots serviced and available for development. No subdivisions were registered in the second quarter of 2023 as opposed to the one subdivision, Garner Place (59M - 510) that was registered in the first quarter. This subdivision added 47 s ingle detached lots, 12 condominium units and 8 on-street townhouse units to the City’s supply of available lots. Planning staff have been working with Building staff to establish a mechanism to assess new residential unit construction with respect to affordability as defined in the City's Housing Strategy. Going forward, the third quarter report will include a metric on housing affordability with respect to new housing construction. It should be noted that in the first six months of 2023, the City issued 25 building permits for new second units (i.e. accessory apartments), an efficient opportunity for affordable housing. The third quarter report will provide updated new residential building permit figures for the municipality which will include second unit numbers. Non-Residential Development: Industrial, Commercial & Institutional The value of new Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional (ICI) construction in the second quarter of 2023 was $7.3 million as opposed to $8.2 million recorded in the first quarter of 2023. Land Supply With a supply of 1,701 draft approved and 927 registered units the City has a 4.6 year supply of readily developable land which exceeds the 3 year minimum provincial requirement. At the present time, the City has approximately 8,944 residential units located on 66 different sites across the City that have received Planning approvals and are waiting to be built. Quarter 2 Planning Applications During the second quarter of 2023, Planning and Development staff have processed the following numbers and types of applications: • 6 Zoning By-law Amendment applications (includes Official Plan amendments • 16 Minor Variances • 3 Consent applications Page 2 of 19 Page 432 of 610 • 6 Site Plan applications • 44 Pre-consultation meetings. It is interesting to note that Planning staff have processed 75 applications in each of the first and second quarters of 2023. Site Plans The Province on August 21st announced the new Building Faster Fund, a new three-year $1.2 billion program to help municipalities meet or exceed the housing targets they have pledged to achieve by 2031. With a target of 8,000 new residential units constructed by 2031, Niagara Falls’ potential share of the $400 million annual allocation will be based on the City’s target share of the overall goal of 1.5 million new homes in Ontario by 2031 and whether the city’s annual housing performance is on track to meets its 2031 target. With respect to shovel readiness, it should be noted that there are 5 site plans containing 346 residential units that are approved and registered and ready to move to the building permit stage. Quarter 2 Building and By-law Services Statistics During the second quarter of 2023, Building and By-law Services enforcement staff responded to the following numbers of complaints. • 799 By-law complaints • 95 Property Standards complaints and 17 Orders issued • 3 Building Code orders issued • 16 Rodent Rebate Forms given out • 1,307 Calls/Counter inquiries through the Clerk’s office • 29 Compliance letters issued • 8 FOI requests Financial Implications/Budget Impact This report has no direct financial implications for the City, however, metrics contained in this report help inform the City’s financial strategies. Strategic/Departmental Alignment The development of a quarterly Development and Housing Monitoring Report is consistent with the City’s Strategic priorities of Diverse and Affordable Housing. List of Attachments Q2 2023 Development and Housing Report Written by: Brian Dick, Manager of Policy Planning Page 3 of 19 Page 433 of 610 Submitted by: Status: Andrew Bryce, Director of Planning Approved - 06 Sep 2023 Kira Dolch, General Manager, Planning, Building & Development Approved - 06 Sep 2023 Jason Burgess, CAO Approved - 06 Sep 2023 Page 4 of 19 Page 434 of 610 PLANNING BUILDING & DEVELOPMENT CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS SEPTEMBER 12, 2023 Q2-2023 DEVELOPMENT & HOUSING MONITORING REPORT Page 5 of 19 Page 435 of 610 1 Table of Contents SECTION 1 – POPULATION...........................................................................................2 SECTION 2 – Q2-2023 BUILDING PERMIT ACTIVITY ..................................................3 New Residential Construction ...................................................................................3 Q1 – 2023 Residential Starts and Completions........................................................4 Current Registered Plans of Subdivision .................................................................4 Draft Approved Subdivisions.....................................................................................6 Q1 & Q2-2023 Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Permit Activity.................6 Q2-2023 Summary of All Permit Volumes and Estimated Value...........................10 SECTION 3 REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL MARKET..................................................11 Residential Real Estate Market................................................................................11 Vacancy Rates and Rental Costs.............................................................................11 SECTION 4 Q1 & Q2-2023 BUILDING STATISTICS....................................................12 Page 6 of 19 Page 436 of 610 2 SECTION 1 – POPULATION Figure 1 Population projections Source: Statistics Canada The 2021 Census recorded a population of 94,415 people in the City of Niagara Falls which is a 7.2% increase from the 2016 population of 88,071 (or 6,344 people) (Figure 1). Statistics Canada projected a population estimate for the City of Niagara Falls as of July 1, 2022 to be 99,0071 people. Figure 2 Source: Niagara Region Population Projections 2041 (2051 Age-composition not yet available) Niagara Region, through its new Official Plan provided the City of Niagara Falls with a population target of 141,650 people by the year 2051. While Niagara Falls is projected to be considerably larger in 2051, the City’s age composition will be greatly different. 1 Source: Stats Canada Population Estimate for Niagara Falls as of July 1, 2022 Table 17-10-0142-01, Population estimates July 1, by Census subdivision, 2016 boundaries. Page 7 of 19 Page 437 of 610 3 Figure 2 illustrates that the largest increase in the population will be in the age category 65-100 years. Such a large growth in the senior population will put increased pressure on the City’s services, programs and facilities. Further, the aging population will also have impacts on transportation, housing mix and community design going forward. Page 8 of 19 Page 438 of 610 4 SECTION 2 – Q2-2023 BUILDING PERMIT ACTIVITY New Residential Construction Figure 3 Source: City of Niagara Falls Planning Division The second quarter of 2023 was not as robust as other second quarters in past years but is a slight improvement over the first quarter. The seventeen permits issued had a April Street Neighbourhood Type # of Units Registered Plan Apr 4, 2023 2625 Baxter Av Willoughby Single 1 59M-443 Lot 12 Apr 18, 2023 7419 Sherrilee Cr Westlane Single 1 59M-484 Lot 21 TOTAL 2 May May 31, 2023 5084 Kalar Rd Northwest Single 1 Stamford Pt Lot 116 59R15897 Pt 3 May 1, 2023 3111 Montrose Rd Northwest Single 1 Stamford Pt Lot 46 59R16210 Pt 1 May 4, 2023 7384 Splendour Dr Westlane Semi 1 59M-498 Lot 105 May 4, 2023 7386 Splendour Dr Westlane Semi 1 59M498 Lot 105 May 19, 2023 7113 Parsa St Westlane Townhouse 1 59M-484 Blk 107 May 19, 2023 7109 Parsa St Westlane Townhouse 1 59M-484 Blk 107 May 19, 2023 7105 Parsa St Westlane Townhouse 1 59M-484 Blk 107 May 19, 2023 7101 Parsa St Westlane Townhouse 1 59M-484 Blk 107 TOTAL 8 June Jun 5, 2023 2239 Portage Rd Stamford Single 1 Stamford Pt Lot 18 59R16946 Pt 2 Jun 6, 2023 12487 Niagara River Py Willoughby Single 1 Plan 338 Lots 721, 722, Pt Lot 720 Plan 337 Lots 348- 350, 373, 374, 59R 12492 Pt 1 Jun 9, 2023 7493 Majestic Tl Westlane Single 1 59M-498 Lot 71 Jun 13, 2023 10717 Niagara River Py Willoughby Single 1 59M-186 Pt Lot 6; 59R17122 Pt 1 Jun 26, 2023 8864 Angie Dr Westlane Single 1 59M-510 Lot 2 Jun 26, 2023 8868 Angie Dr Westlane Single 1 59M-510 Lot 3 Jun 26, 2023 3239 Dorchester Rd Stamford Single 1 Stamford Pt Lot 54; 59R16947 Pt 1 TOTAL 7 Q2 TOTAL 17 Page 9 of 19 Page 439 of 610 5 total value of $12,362,650. The seventeen new residential units created were comprised of eleven single detached, two semi-detached and four townhouse units. There were no new apartments units created. Of all the units built, 10 out of 17 were created in the Westlane neighbourhood of the City. Q2 – 2023 Residential Starts and Completions CMHC formerly provided this data. As of Q2, this data is no longer available from CMHC. Planning and Building staff are working on an in-house way to provide this information but is currently unavailable for Q2. It is anticipated that the Q3 report will contain up to date residential starts and completion data for Niagara Falls. Current Registered Plans of Subdivision There were no new plans of subdivision registered during the second quarter of 2023. Garner Place (59M-510) added 67 residential units made up of 47 single detached units and 20 multiple residential units was registered in Quarter 1. The following table shows the vacant lots in Plans of Subdivision as of June 30, 2023. Page 10 of 19 Page 440 of 610 6 Figure 4 Source: City of Niagara Falls Planning Division FILE-REGSUBSTART2023 NIAGARA FALLS - VACANT LOTS/UNITS IN REGISTERED PLANS JUNE 2023 June 30/2023 PLAN #SUBDIVISION NAME COMMUNITY SINGLE SEMI MULTIPLE TOTAL UNITS < 15 m 15-18 m > 18 m M-106 WESTWAY ESTATES NORTHWEST 0 0 0 0 32 32 M-186 MINGLE SUBDIVISION WILLOUGHBY ----4 ----4 M-251 NEIGHBOURHOODS OF ST.DAVIDS STAMFORD 1 –7 --12 20 RP-261 **WILLIAMS SUBDIVISION North side CHIPPAWA -- --4 -- --4 M-339 GOLIA ESTATES STAMFORD 1 1 1 -- --3 R-13461 BLKS 274&275 DEERFIELD WESTLANE 7 0 0 0 0 7 M-362 MILLER ROAD ESTATES WILLOUGHBY 0 0 3 0 0 3 M-370 FERNWOOD PHASE 1 WESTLANE 0 0 1 0 0 1 M-376 DEERFIELD ESTATES PH 8 WESTLANE 2 5 0 7 M-388 WARREN WOODS EAST WESTLANE 0 0 75 75 M-395 CHIPPAWA WEST CHIPPAWA 33 70 103 M-401 OPTIMIST PARK STAMFORD 12 12 M-407 WINDYLANE WESTLANE 4 0 4 M-408 FERNWOOD PHASE 3 WESTLANE 18 0 18 M-411 GERMAN VILLAGE WESTLANE 7 7 M-413 DEERFIELD ESTATES PH 10 WESTLANE 8 8 M-417 OLDFIELD ESTATES PH 1 DRUMMOND 28 15 43 M-421 OLDFIELD ESTATES PH 2 DRUMMOND 48 48 M-425 OLDFIELD ESTATES PH 3 DRUMMOND 4 0 4 M-427 SOUTHGATE ESTATES WESTLANE 6 0 6 M-443 MILLER ROAD ESTATES South WILLOUGHBY 4 4 M-447 CHIPPAWA WEST PH 2 STG 4 CHIPPAWA 2 0 2 M-463 WARREN WOODS PH 5 WESTLANE 8 56 64 M-467 TERRAVITA STAMFORD 41 41 M-474 WINZEN STAMFORD 0 0 M-484 FORESTVIEW ESTATES WESTLANE 4 20 24 M-485 WILLOUGHBY GARDENS SUB CHIPPAWA 2 2 M-487 GROTTOLA COURT STAMFORD 6 6 M-491 CHIPPAWA WEST PH 2 STG 5 CHIPPAWA 32 56 24 112 M-492 BEAVER VALLEY EXTENSION PH 1 NORTHWEST 0 0 M-493 5280 ROBINSON DRUMMOND 0 0 M-496 BEAVER VALLEY CORRIDOR PH 2 NORTHWEST 7 7 M-498 SPLENDOUR WESTLANE 59 12 120 191 M-510 GARNER PLACE WESTLANE 45 20 65 TOTAL SERVICED 11 384 20 68 444 927 Legend Built-Up Area: 324 units Greenfield Area: 592 units Outside UAB: 11 units Page 11 of 19 Page 441 of 610 7 Draft Approved Subdivisions With the combined vacant lots in Registered Plans of Subdivision and the Draft Plans of subdivision, the City has 2,628 lots which when divided by the City’s 10 year average housing demand (574 units) means the City has a 4.6 year supply of draft and registered approved units. Draft Approved Condominiums and Site Plan Approvals Other lands that have planning approvals include 638 condominium units approved to be built in the City and also another 346 units approved under the Site Plan process. These 984 units are approved and waiting to be built. Q2-2023 Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Permit Activity This section provides a brief summary for the second quarter of 2023. Industrial Q2 There were no industrial permits issued during the first two months of Q2-2023. Two (2) permits were issued in the third month of the quarter. One was for a new industrial building for $5,000,000 and a renovation/alteration of an existing building valued at $250,000. The total value of both these permits was $5,250,000 which was up from the same period in 2022, where the total value of all Industrial permits was $1,427,412. Commercial Q2 There were two (2) new Commercial building permits issued and 29 permits issued for renovation/alterations and one (1) permit issued for an addition to an existing building. The total value of Commercial permits was $2,054,804 down slightly from Q2 of 2022 value of $3,511,000. NIAGARA FALLS - DRAFT APPROVED SUBDIVISIONS -MARCH 2023 ORIGINAL DRAFT APPROVAL PLAN #SUBDIVISION NAME COMMUNITY SINGLE SEMI MULTIPLE TOTAL DRAFT APPROVAL EXTENSION UNTIL 26T-11-2019-003 ST THOMAS MORE 18 12 30 19-Jun-23 26T-11-2019-001 RIVERFRONT SUBDIVISION DRUMMOND 371 0 389 760 Oct 30/20 23-Oct-23 26T-11-2018-002 CHIPPAW A EAST SUBDIVISION CHIPPAWA 449 48 329 826 4-Jan-25 26T-11-2019-002 SODOM RD POLOCORP LANDS CHIPPAWA 18 77 85 31-Aug-25 TOTAL APPROVED UNITS 856 48 807 1701 Built-Up Area Draft Approved Subdivisions are considered to be a portion of the City's short-term supply of land. Once a subdivision is draft approved, conditions may need to be met in order to obtain approval and registration. These conditions may include: road widenings, the naming of streets, parkland requirements, rezoning of the area to reflect the new uses in the subdivision and any other municipal requirements. A part of the draft approval process includes a lapsing provision which establishes a time frame within which the conditions must be met or the draft approval will lapse. This time frame is noted above as the Draft Approval Extension. Draft approval amounts to a committment to go ahead with the subdivision, once all the conditions of draft approval have been met. Figure 5 Source: City of Niagara Falls Planning Division Page 12 of 19 Page 442 of 610 8 Institutional Q2 There was 1 Institutional permit issued in Q2. A renovation/alteration permit was issued with a value of $5,000. Overall, the total value of Institutional permits issued in Q2-2023 was $5,000. Q2 in 2022 was much higher with a total value of all permits of $1,190,000. Figure 6 Source City of Niagara Falls Building Division Page 13 of 19 Page 443 of 610 9 Figure 7 Source: City of Niagara Falls Building Division Page 14 of 19 Page 444 of 610 10 Figure 8 Source: City of Niagara Falls Building Division Page 15 of 19 Page 445 of 610 11 Q2-2023 Summary of All Permits and Estimated Value The following chart provides the sum totals of each permit category covering the period of April 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023. The table breaks down the entire quarter’s permits into various categories to assist in quick dissemination of volumes and values. For reference, Q1 saw a total of 106 permits with a total value of $16,186,376. Figure 9 Source: City of Niagara Falls Planning and Building divisions. CLASSIFICATION No. of Permits Estimated Value Total Val ue of al l new dwel l i ngs 17 12,362,650.00$ New Single Detache d 11 9,162,650.00$ New Semi -detached 2 800,000.00$ New Multi Unit (Apt, towns)4 2,400,000.00$ Re si denti al alte ration/re novation 39 3,231,609.00$ Garages and Carports 3 117,000.00$ Accessory buil di ngs 5 125,000.00$ Industrial New 1 5,000,000.00$ Additions/Alte rations 1 250,000.00$ Commercial New 2 525,000.00$ Additions/Alte rations 30 2,672,000.00$ Institutional New 0 -$ Additions/Alte rations 2 90,000.00$ De mol i ti ons 14 -$ Othe r (Si gns/Te nts/tanks)6 15,800.00$ TOTALS 137 36,751,709.00$ Page 16 of 19 Page 446 of 610 12 SECTION 3 REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL MARKET Residential Real Estate Market The real estate market in Niagara Falls continues to show a steady increase in housing prices during Q2 of 2023 rising from $633,700 at the end of March to $661,300 at the end of June. The Niagara Association of Realtors is reporting they are still seeing a moderate value increase, while the number of sales and new listings have a smaller gap meaning we are in a balanced market. Figure 10 Source: Niagara Association of Realtors Monthly Stats Vacancy Rates and Rental Costs The Canadian Mortgage and Housing Vacancy Rates and Rental costs are published annually in October of each year, so there are no new statistics to report. The vacancy rate reported at 2022 year end is 2.8% and the average rent for a two bedroom apartment is $1,197 per month in Niagara Falls. Page 17 of 19 Page 447 of 610 13 Figure 11 Source: CMHC Rental Market Survey 2022 SECTION 4 Q1 & Q2-2023 BUILDING STATISTICS MUNICIPAL ENFORCEMENT COMPLAINTS RECEIVED STATISTICS BY-LAW Q1 Q2 Condition of Yards 104 514 Downspouts 8 18 Encumbrance 10 28 Fence/Hedge 11 37 Licenses 5 3 Noise 19 40 Other 5 16 Signs 3 2 Zoning 48 151 TOTAL 213 799 Orders issued 130 N/A PROPERTY STANDARDS Water supply/drainage 16 11 Occupancy standards 13 11 Other 16 16 Tree Issues 3 10 Structural/Exterior 14 15 Lack of Heat 10 2 Zoning/Out buildings 2 6 Miscellaneous complaints 9 24 TOTAL 83 95 Orders issued 45 17 BUILDING CODE Building w/out permit n/a (Q1)n/a(Q2) Orders issued 28 3 RODENT REBATE PROGRAM Forms given out 27 16 Paid out 16 17 CLERKS Calls/Counter 625 1,270 Compliance Letters 28 29 FOI requests 10 8 Muzzle order appeals 1 0 Page 18 of 19 Page 448 of 610 14 TOTAL 664 1307 Figure 12 Source: City of Niagara Falls By-law Services Page 19 of 19 Page 449 of 610 F-2023-28 Report Report to: Mayor and Council Date: September 12, 2023 Title: 2022 (unaudited) Water/Wastewater Fund Budget to Actual Variance report Recommendation(s) 1. That Council RECEIVE report F-2023-28, 2022 (unaudited) Water/Wastewater Fund Budget to Actual Variance report for information. Executive Summary This report is intended to provide Council with information and details pertaining to the 2022 budget to actual variance results for the year ended December 31, 2022 for both the Water Fund and the Wastewater Fund. Within attachments 1 and 2, if there is a note number notation to the right of the variance column, there is a corresponding explanation to that note number located in the analysis section of this report. Please refer to this report in conjunction with the attachments. Background Council has expressed a desire to view actuals in conjunction with the budget. One goal of the finance department is to provide Council with regular, quarterly budget variance reports. The 2021 audited financial statements are anticipated to be approved at the October 3, 2023 Council meeting. Staff have prepared the unaudited 2022 budget to actual results for the Water Fund and the Wastewater Fund. Analysis WATER FUND (FUND 15) Attachment 1 contains the Water Fund 2022 budget to actual variance. The subsequent notes correspond to the statement in Attachment 1. Revenues 1. Sales of water meters had a positive variance of $203,000, driven by the construction of new subdivisions and higher-than-anticipated meter purchases at the budgeting stage. Page 1 of 9 Page 450 of 610 2. User fees, specifically the water volumetric charges yielded a favorable variance of $231,500 however this also results in additional costs arising from increased variable consumption due to more water being purchased from the Region. These are detailed in #6. User fees for flat water rates also showcased a favorable variance of $195,000 from the construction of new subdivisions. These are the two largest factors contributing to the net favorable variance in user fees of $468,000. 3. Transfers from Special Purpose Reserves - at 2022 year end the Water Fund had an overall deficit of $202,669. This deficit was funded with the Water Rate Stabilization reserve (SPR 231). This brings the balance in the Water Rate Stabilization Reserve from $1,647,763 down to $1,445,763. Expenses 4. Labour, Benefits and Overtime went over budget by $136,000 (4.5%). This can be rationalized when observing the wastewater fund, which was under budget by $329,000 (18.4%). The budgeting process estimates labour allocation between water and wastewater based on expected needs and department distribution. However, unforeseen water main breaks or complications can shift the allocation. The cumulative variance for labour, benefits, and overtime between the water and wastewater funds is a favorable $193,000. 5. Materials had an unfavourable variance of $112,000. A 30% increase in watermain repairs from 2021 led to 86 repairs in 2022, this unbudgeted increase has led to more materials being spent on watermain repairs. 6. Professional Development had an unfavourable variance of $13,000 driven by legislative training required. In 2020 and 2021 limited training was done during the COVID-19 Pandemic, in 2022 many certifications were expiring and catchup from the 2020 and 2021 years was needed. 7. Contracted Services had an unfavourable variance of $681,000. This arose from emergency watermain repairs after hours and mandated soil removal and testing from these repairs. Furthermore, as noted in #2 above volumetric water purchases from the Region increased. Budget Line Item Budget ($) Actuals ($) Under/(Over) Spent Regional Volumetric Purchases $8,664,000 $9,085,000 ($421,000) Spoil Pile - Contaminated Soil Removal $190,000 $381,000 ($191,000) Other Contracted Services Items $893,000 $962,000 ($69,000) Total $9,747,000 $10,428,000 ($681,000) Page 2 of 9 Page 451 of 610 8. Long Term Debt for the Water Meter Replacement program was budgeted in 2022, however the debt was not realized until 2023. This created a favourable variance of $340,000 which was transferred To Capital Special Purpose Reserves. Surplus/Deficit 9. Per the City's 2020 financial statements there is an accumulated surplus of $657,504 in the Water Fund. Staff have left a small surplus of $669 in the Water Fund for the year ended December 31, 2022 which will bring the accumulated surplus to a total of $658,173. WASTEWATER FUND (FUND 16) Attachment 2 contains the Wastewater Fund 2022 budget to actual variance. The notes below correspond to the statement in Attachment 2. Revenue 10.User fees for flat sewer rates had a favourable variance of $238,000, attributed to the construction of new subdivisions. However, this was partly counterbalanced by an unfavorable variance in sewer volumetric and fixed charges amounting to $262,000. In total, User Fees experienced an unfavorable variance of $30,000. 11.Transfers from Special Purpose Reserves (SPRs) were budgeted for $200,000 to offset budgeted spending in contracted services of $100,000 for TV Inspections, $50,000 for MH Zoom Pilot and $50,000 for Local Drainage Assist Program as the City has reserves for these items. In 2022 there was $13,000 in Local Drainage and no spending in the other two areas. Expenses 12.Materials has a favourable variance of $93,000 and is driven by savings in insurance fees and the allocation of payouts. While the budget for this line is based on historical trends, actual figures often deviate from the budgeted amounts due to uncertainties. 13.Contracted Services has an unfavourable variance of $13,000 from emergency watermain repairs after hours and mandated soil removal and testing from these repairs. The table below breaks down the variances: Budget Line Item Budget ($) Actuals ($) Under/(Over) Spent Other Contracted Services Items $848,000 $467,000 $381,000 Page 3 of 9 Page 452 of 610 Weeping Tile Program (WRAP) $500,000 $217,000 $283,000 Sewer Rehab Program $490,000 $964,000 ($474,000) Spoil Pile - Contaminated Soil Removal $95,000 $298,000 ($203,000) Total $1,933,000 $1,954,000 ($13,000) In addition, the Fixed Regional Charges had a favourable variance of $65,000 due to higher than budgeted Leachate credits from the Region. 14.Long Term Debt for the Water Meter Replacement program was budgeted in 2022, however the debt was not realized until 2023. This created a favourable variance of $340,000 which was transferred To Capital Special Purpose Reserves. 15.Transfers to Special Purpose Reserves - at 2022 year end the Wastewater operating Fund had an overall surplus of $304,412. This surplus was transferred to the Wastewater Rate Stabilization reserve (SPR 160). This brings the balance in the Wastewater Rate Stabilization Reserve from $4,060,000 to $4,360,000. Surplus/Deficit 16. Per the City's 2020 financial statements there is an accumulated surplus of $333,444 in the Wastewater Fund. Staff have left a small surplus of $4,412 in the Wastewater Fund for the year ended December 31, 2022 which will bring the accumulated surplus to a total of $337,856. Financial Implications/Budget Impact This report is financial in nature with details throughout. Financial implications regarding variances have been communicated above in the analysis section. The year-end surplus / deficit in the Water and Wastewater budget have been closed out to / from their respective reserves. Strategic/Departmental Alignment This report is consistent with the following Council strategic commitments: 1. To be financially responsible to the residents of Niagara Falls by practicing prudent fiscal management of existing resources, and by making sound long-term choices that allow core City programs and services to be sustainable now and into the future. 2. To be efficient and effective in our delivery of municipal services and use of resources, and accountable to our citizens and stakeholders. List of Attachments Attachment 1 - 2022 (unaudited) Water Fund Budget to Actual Variance Attachment 2 - 2022 (unaudited) Wastewater Fund Budget to Actual Variance Page 4 of 9 Page 453 of 610 Written by: Sebastian Zukowski, Senior Financial Analyst Tiffany Clark, Director of Finance Submitted by: Status: Tiffany Clark, Director of Finance Approved - 06 Sep 2023 Shelley Darlington, General Manger of Corporate Services Approved - 07 Sep 2023 Jason Burgess, CAO Approved - 07 Sep 2023 Page 5 of 9 Page 454 of 610 Attachment 1 Annual Budget Actuals (Over)/ Under Budget Variance (Over)/ Under 2022 2022 $% REVENUES Other Revenue 40,000 53,274 (13,274)(33.2%) Penalties 62,700 66,402 (3,702)(5.9%) Sales 175,000 377,629 (202,629)(115.8%)[1] User Fees 23,753,744 24,221,655 (467,911)(2.0%)[2] Miscellaneous Revenue 24,031,444 24,718,960 (687,516)(2.9%) From Special Purpose Reserves 0 202,000 (202,000)0.0%[3] Internal Transfers 0 202,000 (202,000)0.0% TOTAL REVENUE 24,031,444 24,920,960 (889,516)(3.7%) 2022 Budget to Actual Comparison WATER FUND Page 6 of 9 Page 455 of 610 Attachment 1 Annual Budget Actuals (Over)/ Under Budget Variance (Over)/ Under 2022 2022 $% 2022 Budget to Actual Comparison WATER FUND EXPENSES Labour 2,278,224 2,387,257 (109,033)(4.8%) Employee Benefits Allocation 675,478 695,989 (20,511)(3.0%) Overtime 81,000 87,529 (6,529)(8.1%) Labour and Benefits 3,034,702 3,170,775 (136,073)(4.5%)[4] Advertising/News Release 1,500 81 1,419 94.6% Conferences/Conventions 2,000 1,546 454 22.7% Insurance Premiums 146,058 134,585 11,473 7.9% Materials 836,350 949,110 (112,760)(13.5%)[5] Membership/Subscriptions 0 0 0 0.0% Office Supplies 13,000 5,294 7,706 59.3% Professional Development 29,000 42,029 (13,029)(44.9%)[6] WSIB 20,000 15,021 4,979 24.9% Materials 1,047,908 1,147,666 (99,758)(9.5%) Electricity 400 452 (52)(13.1%) Utilities 400 452 (52)(13.1%) Contracted Services 9,747,428 10,428,146 (680,718)(7.0%)[7] Fixed Regional Charges 2,993,791 2,993,796 (5)(0.0%) Contracted Services 12,741,219 13,421,942 (680,723)(5.3%) Rents and Financial Expenses 232,795 205,423 27,372 11.8% Long Term Interest 160,972 0 160,972 100.0% Long Term Debt Principal 179,502 0 179,502 100.0% Debt Charges 340,474 0 340,474 100.0%[8] Internal Rent 424,444 425,394 (950)(0.2%) To Capital SPR 6,105,000 6,445,474 (340,474)(5.6%)[8] To Operating (Indirect Costs)104,502 104,502 0 0.0% To SPR 0 0 0 0.0% Internal Transfers 6,633,946 6,975,370 (341,424)(5.1%) TOTAL EXPENSES 24,031,444 24,921,628 (890,184)(3.7%) (Surplus)/Deficit 0 669 (669)[9] Page 7 of 9 Page 456 of 610 Attachment 2 Budget Actuals (Over)/ Under Budget Variance (Over)/ Under 2022 2022 $% REVENUES Other Revenue 0 345 (345)0.0% Penalties 69,300 72,577 (3,277)(4.7%) User Fees 24,787,030 24,756,835 30,195 0.1%[10] Miscellaneous Revenue 24,856,330 24,829,758 26,572 0.1% From Special Purpose Reserves 200,000 13,389 186,611 93.3%[11] From Development Charges 820,338 820,338 (0)(0.0%) Internal Transfers 1,020,338 833,727 186,611 18.3% TOTAL REVENUE 25,876,668 25,663,485 213,183 0.8% 2022 Budget to Actual Comparison WASTEWATER FUND Page 8 of 9 Page 457 of 610 Attachment 2 Budget Actuals (Over)/ Under Budget Variance (Over)/ Under 2022 2022 $% 2022 Budget to Actual Comparison WASTEWATER FUND EXPENSES Labour 1,361,028 1,106,850 254,178 18.7% Employee Benefits Allocation 399,568 327,250 72,318 18.1% Overtime 31,000 28,069 2,931 9.5% Labour and Benefits 1,791,596 1,462,169 329,427 18.4%[4] Insurance Premiums 163,062 153,784 9,278 5.7% Materials 323,200 230,030 93,170 28.8%[12] Office Supplies 350 0 350 100.0% Membership/Subscriptions 0 200 (200)0.0% WSIB 40,000 33,557 6,443 16.1% Materials 526,612 417,570 109,042 20.7% Electricity 27,700 35,296 (7,596)(27.4%) Utilities 27,700 35,296 (7,596)(27.4%) Contracted Services 1,933,000 1,946,526 (13,526)(0.7%) Fixed Regional Charges 13,519,397 13,453,727 65,670 0.5% Contracted Services 15,452,397 15,400,253 52,144 0.3%[13] Rents and Financial Expenses 76,275 68,840 7,435 9.7% Long Term Interest 382,633 221,661 160,972 42.1% Long Term Debt 778,180 598,678 179,503 23.1% Debt Charges 1,160,813 820,338 340,475 29.3%[14] Internal Rent 236,773 209,630 27,143 11.5% To Capital SPR 6,500,000 6,840,474 (340,474)(5.2%)[14] To Operating 104,502 104,502 0 0.0% To SPR 0 300,000 (300,000)0.0%[15] Internal Transfers 6,841,275 7,454,606 (613,331)(9.0%) TOTAL EXPENSES 25,876,668 25,659,073 217,595 0.8% (Surplus)/Deficit 0 (4,412)4,412 [16] Page 9 of 9 Page 458 of 610 1 Heather Ruzylo Subject:Proclamation Request for Wear Red Canada Day 2024 From: Ana Spasojevic <aspas029@uottawa.ca> Sent: Sunday, August 6, 2023 3:31 PM To: Jim Diodati <jdiodati@niagarafalls.ca> Cc: Heart Health Centre, Canadian Women's <cwhhc@ottawaheart.ca> Subject: [EXTERNAL]-Proclamation Request for Wear Red Canada Day 2024 Dear Mayor Jim Diodati, Heart disease is the number one killer of women worldwid e and the leading cause of premature death in women in Canada. Globally, cardiovascular diseases affect 1 out of 3 women, yet women everywhere are under-studied, under-diagnosed, under-treated, and under-aware when it comes to their cardiovascular health. Worse, considering that 80% of a woman’s risk factors are within her control, heart disease is largely preventable. Wear Red Canada is celebrated annually across Canada on February 13 th to raise awareness about women’s cardiovascular health. Organized events held across the country serve as a reminder for everyone, especially women, to be mindful, curious and proactive in the management of their heart health and wellness. I write to you today, as our elected Mayor and an advocate for improving health outcomes for women in Niagara Falls, to request your assistance in proclaiming February 13 as Wear Red Canada day in Niagara Falls. We want to see improved awareness of the greatest health risk to women in our communities, and, most importantly, fewer women dying prematurely from heart disease—and we believe we can achieve this with your help. Thank you for your time, for reading, and for your consideration. Please find attached suggested proclamation language for your review. Yours sincerely, Ana Spasojevic Wear Red Canada volunteer team member CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe. Page 459 of 610 WEAR RED CANADA DAY (font:Calibri 12,all upper case) February 13,2024 (font:Calibri 12) (Proclamation should not exceed 130 words from the section under the title to the signature) WHEREAS,Heart disease is the number one killer of women worldwide and the leading cause of premature death for Canadian women,a fact unknown to many women and their healthcare providers;and WHEREAS,The Canadian Women’s Heart Health Alliance is an organization of volunteer health professionals and patients working hard to improve women’s heart health;and WHEREAS,Wear Red Canada Day is celebrated annually to raise awareness for all Canadians,but especially Canadian women,to be mindful,curious,and proactive in the management of their heart health and wellness;and WHEREAS,We want to see better prevention,diagnosis,and care and fewer women dying prematurely from heart disease; THEREFORE,I,Jim Diodati,Mayor of Niagara Falls,do hereby proclaim February,13,2024 Wear Red Canada Day in Niagara Falls. JOURNÉE TOUT LE MONDE EN ROUGE (police :Calibri 12,en lettres majuscules) 13 février 2024 (police :12) (130 mots en français dans la section entre le titre et le bloc-signature) ATTENDU QUE la maladie du cœur est la première cause de décès chez les femmes dans le monde et la première cause de décès prématuré chez les Canadiennes,ce dont beaucoup de femmes et de soignants n’ont pas conscience;et ATTENDU QUE l’Alliance canadienne de santé cardiaque pour les femmes est un groupe de spécialistes de la santé et de patientes qui travaillent bénévolement à améliorer la santé cardiaque des femmes; et ATTENDU QUE la Journée Tout le monde en rouge est célébrée chaque année pour encourager les Canadiens —et tout particulièrement les Canadiennes —à se renseigner sur leur santé cardiaque et à en prendre soin;et ATTENDU QUE nous souhaitons mieux prévenir,diagnostiquer et traiter la maladie du cœur,et réduire le nombre de femmes qui en décèdent prématurément; PAR CONSÉQUENT,je,Jim Diodati,maire de Niagara Falls,proclame par la présente le 13 février 2024 la Journée Tout le monde en rouge à Niagara Falls. Jim Diodati Mayor Page 460 of 610 1 Heather Ruzylo Subject:Flag-Raising Request - Positive Living Niagara Begin forwarded message: From: City Website <donotreply@niagarafalls.ca> Date: August 23, 2023 at 11:00:08 AM EDT To: Bill Matson <billmatson@niagarafalls.ca> Subject: [EXTERNAL]-Website Contact Form Notice Reply-To: "ddyball@positivelivingniagara.com" <ddyball@positivelivingniagara.com > Good News! You just got a new response to 'Clerk's Contact Form'! First Name Darryl Last Name Dyball Phone Number 9059848684 Email Address ddyball@positivelivingniagara.com Message If your inquiry pertains to a certain address, please include it in your message so we can help you quicker. Positive Living Niagara is requesting a flag raising in recognition of AIDS Awareness Week (Nov 23 - Dec 1), World AIDS Day (Dec 1) and Aboriginal AIDS Awareness Week (Dec. 1-8). Positive Living Niagara is a not for profit organization dedicated to providing a continuum of innovative and proactive approaches to harm reduction, prevention and a person-centered focus on support and education for those at risk and affected by HIV, HCV and STBBIs. We are hoping to schedule the official flag raising for the afternoon of Thursday November 23rd, and would be delighted to have Mayor Jim Diodati join us and say a few words on behalf of the City of Niagara Falls. We ask that the flag remain up until the end of Aboriginal AIDS Awareness week (December 8) if possible. We look forward to speaking with some to confirm the details of Positive Living's request. Would you like to subscribe to our newsletter? CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe. Page 461 of 610 2 We value and respect flexible work arrangements. Although I have sent this at a time that is convenient for me, it is not my expectation that you read, respond or follow up on this email outside of your work hours. Page 462 of 610 '"" C :JJJIP'� :�-"\\'!here Ships Climb The Moirnrain ... August 2,2023 SENT ELECTRON/CALLY Dean Allison Chris Bittle Tony Baldinelli Vance Badawey Re: Paul Bernardo lhorold Office of the City Clerk CL 16-2023, June 20, 2023 Thorold City Council, at its meeting held on June 20, 2023, passed the following resolution: That the Mayor BE REQUESTED to prepare and send a letter to Corrections Canada, local area Members of Parliament, expressing support for keeping Paul Bernardo in a maximum security placement. A copy of the letter sent to Commissioner Anne Kelly is attached herein. Sincerely, Matthew Trennum City Clerk MJT: CC2023-4 Cc: Niagara's Local Area Municipalities --♦ ------Rt! ___ IF_W_lillli ___ ,_ ____ _, City of Thorold P.O. Box 1044, 3540 Schmon Parkway, Thorold, Ontario L2V 4A7 www.thorold.ca Tel: 905-227-6813 Page 463 of 610 City of Thorold P.O. Box 1044, 3540 Schmon Parkway, Thorold, Ontario L2V 4A7 www.thorold.ca Tel: 905-227-6613 Office of the Mayor July 26, 2023 Commissioner Anne Kelly Correctional Service Canada 340 Laurier Ave W Ottawa, ON K1A 0P9 Dear Commissioner, Re: Support for Keeping Paul Bernardo in Maximum Security Placement I am writing to express the unwavering support of the City of Thorold in favor of keeping Paul Bernardo in a maximum-security placement within the Correctional Service Canada system. As the Mayor of the City of Thorold, I represent a community deeply affected by the heinous crimes committed by Mr. Bernardo and remain committed to advocating for the safety and well-being of our residents. The gravity of Mr. Bernardo's crimes, and the devastating impact they had on the lives of innocent individuals and their families, cannot be understated. Our community, along with the wider Niagara region, continues to bear the scars left by these reprehensible actions. It is of utmost importance that we prioritize public safety and ensure that those who pose a significant risk to society are appropriately confined and monitored. We acknowledge that decisions regarding the placement of individuals within the correctional system require a comprehensive evaluation of various factors, including the level of risk they present and the potential for harm to others. In the case of Paul Bernardo, his past actions and the severity of his offenses demand the highest level of security to safeguard our community from any potential danger. Furthermore, we are aware that public safety is a shared responsibility among different levels of government and local communities. To that end, I am copying Niagara's local area municipalities on this letter to ensure that they are aware of our stance and, should they feel inclined, join us in expressing their support for keeping Mr. Bernardo in a maximum-security placement. Page 464 of 610 City of Thorold P.O. Box 1044, 3540 Schmon Parkway, Thorold, Ontario L2V 4A7 www.thorold.ca Tel: 905-227-6613 The residents of the City of Thorold and the Niagara Region deserve to live in an environment where they feel safe and secure. We trust that you will carefully consider the concerns of our community, along with the collective voices of others within the Niagara Region, when making any decisions regarding the placement and management of Paul Bernardo. Thank you for your attention to this matter. We look forward to a response and remain committed to working with you to ensure the safety and well-being not only of our community, but all communities across Canada. Sincerely, Terry Ugulini Mayor, City of Thorold CC: [Niagara's Local Area Municipalities] Page 465 of 610 1 Heather Ruzylo To:Alyson Montovani-Ozaki Subject:RE: [EXTERNAL]-City of Niagara Falls - United Way Flag From: Alyson Montovani-Ozaki <alyson@unitedwayniagara.org> Sent: Monday, September 11, 2023 10:40 AM To: Heather Ruzylo <hruzylo@niagarafalls.ca> Subject: RE: [EXTERNAL]-City of Niagara Falls - United Way Flag Good morning Heather, Thanks so much for getting back to me. Our campaign kicks off on September 12 th, so we hope to raise the flag to celebrate the start of and to raise awareness for our 2023 campaign at some point late September or early October. There is not a name given for this particular week. If you can add this to the agenda for tomorrow’s meeting that would be appreciated. Please let me know if you have any other questions. Kindly, Alyson Alyson Montovani-Ozaki (she/her) Development Officer, Annual Giving Office: 905.688.5050 ext.2127 www.unitedwayniagara.org From: Alyson Montovani-Ozaki <alyson@unitedwayniagara.org> Sent: Monday, September 11, 2023 9:11 AM To: Heather Ruzylo <hruzylo@niagarafalls.ca> Cc: Philip Rudachuk <prudachuk@niagarafalls.ca>; Selene Tudini <studini@niagarafalls.ca> Subject: [EXTERNAL]-City of Niagara Falls - United Way Flag Good morning Heather, On behalf of United Way Niagara, I’m reaching out to inquire about raising our United Way flag in conjunction with our annual fundraising campaign. We would like to have a brief 5 minute ceremony and photo op with the Mayor. We are looking at the week of Sept 25th. Each year we strive to raise millions of dollars to help provide local families and individuals with a social safety net and we can’t accomplish our goals without the help of local municipalities like the City of Niagara Falls. Page 466 of 610 2 If you need me to provide any further information to move this request forward, please let me know. Thanks so much! Alyson Alyson Montovani-Ozaki (she/her) Development Officer, Annual Giving Office: 905.688.5050 ext.2127 www.unitedwayniagara.org CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe. Page 467 of 610 Via email only Premier's Office Room 281 Legislative Building Queen's Park Toronto,ON M7A 1A1 Dear Honourable Doug Ford, Re:Black Ash Tree Classification as "endangered”under the Endangered Sgecies Act Please be advised that the Council of the Municipality of Emo,at its meeting held on Wednesday, June 14,2023 passed the following resolution. Resolution June 14,2023 No.16 WHEREAS the Ministry of Environment,Conservation and Parks listed the Black Ash Tree as endangered in the Province of Ontario as a result of the Emerald Ash Borer infestation in eastern southern Ontario; WHEREASthis classification was given even though the Emerald Ash Borer is not known to be widespread in Northwestern Ontario; WHEREAS the BlackAsh Tree is assumed to remain abundant on the landscape of Northwestern Ontario; WHEREAS the Species at Riskin Ontario (SARO)classification of ”endangered"under the Endang eredSpeciesAct(ESA)prohibits killing (Harvesting),harming,harassing,possessing,transporting,tradi ng,and selling of live or dead BlackAsh,and damaging or destroying its habitat on both Crown and Private Land; Th e oftheTownshipofEmo P.O.Box520,Emo,Ontario,POW1E0 Web site: ww w. emo .ca E- mail : to w ns hi p @ e m o. ca Pho ne: 807 - 482 - 237 8 807- 482- 274 1 A u g us t 14,2023 Page 468 of 610 o_..S:oEwummzétozwe:2.25co§aE_u_Eoc8w-o_uomm:_P_mmw.2.3.»._m_u:_>o.amBm_aEou Au .o_..3co c._Bm.....>.;_:oz ucmuU_.5m_D.w>_m>:_mm9:E;m<xusm2:.0£_mm._2:$0 mc?c??mucz _.m£._E xmmm3 _o_..Sco :.._Emm>>;toz ucmSE20.m>E>53.m?m?mucouH_mm?aw.um>m3m:m>.m>ouw¢;m<V_um_mo_..Sco w?u:_ummxAm H9 u:mE:._m>oo _m_u:_>o.n_w? mmm...25.6n_;.u.Eso._.2:B:o_Eo&89:B__u§82:._.<_._._.8303:._._mam;_obE_.:>>oz .O_._mu:O :._....zmm>>;toz «O>u_.o.=...E0.3mu:_u:_uOC..w.om;m<u_m._mEutam;m<v_um_mU?u CO :o_umu_:m:oom<wmmI\<’ ..tEm_o 52:>53. 9:.0;u:E:_m.__>__m::_Eouucm>35:9:53>>_QEou>___.c3 u_n_mmon_E_me2:25 u_m<mEmI>> cutie.m>E>:._mm9.:*0&mEsou:m__m_u:wu_m....:ucmmcozmz3...“..:o:mo._um..Em_..:8 .>bmm._2 .m._3_:u:mm.>Eo:ouo9.:co8maE_m:o>umw>m;>_:_S._wu___>>.uw__aamtSmwumbmm?m<mxm=._>> _o_._3:o Eo?zom E9::9:._m£m._Somm::=>_EmstocEotEzsczcou mm:_26__8 Emznms m_._m.&vcm_$._om mu:_u:_om_m\8cm§>m._umi8%..:35wemm._3m$mc_>m;m__§>.3m9_8 ._m>_m>:_m¢9:m<mEm=._>> “otmuco:._3mm>>:toz*038.0...m>_¢>:_mm2:m_Eouu?EsoS_c:ommf we25 m<mEm__.=S _m_muoEomcmcu9mE__u .mm>.owm:_u:_o:_...uoou2mvc: >_..ooa..2.....6an..>mE=55mm:5_$oa3.u.mu:o._&E o5 m:_2coo $82:9:m<m_zwI\s :28 :m< u_m._uEm2:>9;m<xum_mmocozosbwmu.x.mm.omm5mmcmzuBumuuonxmS:m_>m3§m m?m<u¢u_.:S $2 >._m::m_.Eu:mEmu._ot_m359:3338%;.m_>353>.m>oumzzm<xu?m o_..B:o m?m<mEm:._>> ..-o~.w~>.=.5:m..co uumtmBE wEmu \wm._._. ;m<?sm9:.8...Eam:%8..B:o:mu_:mmm_u8,29 oc?co c_v_..._¢an8.8%m5 m<m_E:>> :.R.~m...Bmus“.oo.oEm©n_EmEs3 Em mnm~.Nmv.nowEcon;mo.oEm.>>>>>>_3_mnm>> 8,>>on..o_._mEO.oEmdamxom.0.n_2.3.. . oEm_qEm:>>o._.Page 469 of 610 Crystal Gray CAO/Clerk-Deputy Treasurer Acting Treasurer Township of Emo E: P:(807)482-2378 cc.Thunder Bay —Superior North MP,Marcus Powlowski Premier Doug Ford Kenora-Rainy River MPP,Greg Rickford Ministry of Agriculture,Food,and Rural Affairs Ministry of Northern Development,Mines,Natural Resour ces andForestry The Association of Municipalities of Ontario (AMO) The Federation of Northern Ontario Municipalities ( FONO M)Northwestern Ontario Municipal Association (NOMA) Rural Ontario Municipal Association (ROMA) The Federation of Agriculture Ontario Federation of Agriculture Office of the Ontario Regional Chief —Chiefs of Ontario Northwestern Ontario First Nations Rainy River District Municipal Association (RRDMA) Rainy River District Clerks &CAO’s in cons ultati on withstakeholdersBEFOREanypoliciesarepassedandenactedupon. Should yo u h a v e anyquestions,pleasedonothesitatetocontactthisoffice. C3 0 em o.ca R e g Page 470 of 610 Page 471 of 610 Administration Office 1024 Hurlwood Lane, Severn Mailing address PO Box 159, Orillia, Ontario L3V 6J3 Email info@severn.ca Phone 705-325-2315 August 11, 2023 Climate Emergency Unit c/o The David Suzuki Institute 201 Pringle Farm Rd Saltspring Island, BC V8K 2Y2 Dear Erin Blondeau, Director of Communications Re: Climate Emergency Just Transition Transfer (JTT) Please be advised that the Council for the Township of Severn received correspondence respecting the Just Transition Transfer (JTT) at their recent August 9th, 2023 Council meeting. Following discussion Motion C2023-042 was passed: Moved by Councillor - Ward 3 Phil Brennan Seconded by Deputy Mayor Judith Cox WHEREAS Canada’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are slowly starting to trend downward, but the reduction trajectory remains incongruent with what science and justice demands; WHEREAS Canada must spend what it takes to confront the climate emergency, and there is an urgent need for Canada to spend more on climate infrastructure that would drive down GHGs and hasten the transition off fossil fuels; WHEREAS Canada needs to make an audacious and hopeful offer to those workers and communities whose employment and economic security is currently tied to the fossil fuel industry (and to a lesser extent the auto, steel, concrete, and agriculture industries, etc., all of which face substantial transition challenges), and to Indigenous communities on the frontlines of fossil fuel extraction; Page 472 of 610 WHEREAS the federal government has introduced a Sustainable Jobs Act, but this Act needs to be paired with and backed-up by a substantial investment in the jobs of the future; WHEREAS much of the climate infrastructure needed will come under provincial, municipal and Indigenous jurisdiction (renewable energy, grid upgrades, public transit, zero-emission housing, etc.), and training comes under provincial jurisdiction, but it is the federal government that has the greatest capacity to pay; WHEREAS a new federal Climate Emergency Just Transition Transfer (JTT) specifically linked to funding climate infrastructure projects that would create hundreds of thousands of jobs, along with training and apprenticeships programs for workers and those leaving the oil and gas industry –– would be a transformative program that signals that Canada is indeed entering emergency mode; WHEREAS the JTT would be an annual transfer of approximately $25 billion from the federal government to provincial/territorial, municipal and Indigenous governments, purpose-built to meet the climate emergency imperative to decarbonize our society, ensuring communities can fund the infrastructure and training needed to transition off fossil fuels, while creating thousands of sustainable jobs in a way that is specific to their needs and locale; WHEREAS the JTT’s distribution would be based on a formula linked to recent GHG emissions in each province (but fixed from that point onward, so as not to perversely incentivize continued high GHGs), recognizing that some jurisdictions face a more challenging task to transition their local economies; WHEREAS the JTT would transfer federal funds to newly established just transition agencies in each province and territory –– jointly governed by the federal government, provincial/territorial governments, municipal governments, and local Indigenous nations –– and in some case directly to Indigenous nations, ensuring the transfer money is not simply absorbed into provincial or municipal budgets or used to displace other infrastructure or Page 473 of 610 training funds, but rather, ensuring the money is used for its intended purpose, and that fund are allocated in a manner sensitive to local climate action plans, the unique GHG profiles of each region, and to local labour market/training needs; WHEREAS a JTT could provide significant, stable, multi-year funding for the climate infrastructure and training/employment needs of municipalities, Indigenous communities, energy utilities, public transit authorities and public housing authorities; WHEREAS the federal government is welcome to title such a new transfer as they see fit (e.g. a Sustainable Jobs Transfer or a Climate Infrastructure Transfer); NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Township of Severn formally endorses the call for a new Just Transition Transfer; and THAT the Township of Severn urges the federal government to establish a new Just Transition Transfer, starting with a major financial commitment in the next federal budget; and will write to the federal ministers concerned expressing this support; AND THAT this resolution be circulated to all municipalities. Carried Should you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to contact me at (705) 325-2315 x 232 or by email at agray@severn.ca Regards, Alison Gray Alison Gray, BAH, CMO, AOMC Clerk Cc Ontario Municipalities Page 474 of 610 1 234-2023-4206 August 22, 2023 Your Worship Mayor Jim Diodati City of Niagara Falls jdiodati@niagarafalls.ca Dear Mayor Diodati, Subject: Building Faster Fund Our government is committed to building at least 1.5 million homes by 2031. To reach this goal, 29 large and fast-growing municipalities, including the City of Niagara Falls, were assigned a Municipal Housing Target in 2022, while an additional 21 municipa lities were also recently assigned targets. Municipalities are critical partners for our government as we help communities get shovels in the ground faster and work to build more homes. I applaud you for adopting ambitious and absolutely necessary housing pledges. In doing so, you have demonstrated the importance of that target. The government is also demonstrating its commitment to this goal: on August 21, 2023, Premier Ford announced the new Building Faster Fund, a new three-year-$1.2 billion program to help municipalities meet or exceed the housing targets they have pledged to achieve by 2031. The Building Faster Fund will provide up to $400 million over three years in financial support for municipalities that can be directed toward housing- enabling infrastructure and related costs that support community growth. Funding under the program will be based on two key criteria. First, each municipality’s potential share of the $400 million annual allocation will be based on their target’s sha re of the overall goal of 1.5 million homes in Ontario by 2031. Second, each municipality’s actual funding will be based on whether their annual housing performance is on track to meet its 2031 target. Municipalities on track to exceed their target based on annual housing performance will receive additional funding. Ontario will be consulting with the Association of Municipalities of Ontario, the Housing Supply Action Plan Implementation Team, and the City of Toronto on the program Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing Office of the Minister 777 Bay Street, 17th Floor Toronto ON M7A 2J3 Tel.: 416 585-7000 Ministère des Affaires municipales et du Logement Bureau du ministre 777, rue Bay, 17e étage Toronto (Ontario) M7A 2J3 Tél. : 416 585-7000 Page 475 of 610 2 design details of the Building Faster Fund, including eligible expenses and ways to track the progress of municipalities. Funding is anticipated to start in 2024-25 based on performance in 2023. I look forward to sharing more details in the near future. As Ontario grows, we need to build more homes. I look forward to your continued support in ensuring that everyone – newcomers, young families and seniors – can afford a place to call home. Sincerely, Steve Clark Minister c: Hon. Nina Tangri, Associate Minister of Housing Kirstin Jensen, Deputy Chief of Staff, Minister’s Office Martha Greenberg, Deputy Minister Joshua Paul, Assistant Deputy Minister, Market Housing Division Sean Fraser, Assistant Deputy Minister, Planning and Growth Division Caspar Hall, Assistant Deputy Minister, Local Government Division Bill Matson, City Clerk, City of Niagara Falls Jason Burgess, CAO, City of Niagara Falls Page 476 of 610 Administration Office of the Regional Clerk 1815 Sir Isaac Brock Way, PO Box 1042, Thorold, ON L2V 4T7 Telephone: 905-980-6000 Toll-free: 1-800-263-7215 Fax: 905-687-4977 www.niagararegion.ca August 21, 2023 CL 12-2023, August 17, 2023 PEDC 8-2023, August 9, 2023 PDS 24-2023, August 8, 2023 Bill Matson, City Clerk City of Niagara Falls 4310 Queen Street Niagara Falls, ON L2E 6X5 SENT ELECTRONICALLY Approval of City of Niagara Falls Official Plan Amendment No. 147 (Employment Policies) PDS 24-2023 Regional Council, at its meeting held on August 17, 2023, passed the following recommendation of its Planning and Economic Development Committee: That Report PDS 24-2023, dated August 9, 2023, Approval of City of Niagara Falls Official Plan Amendment No. 147 (Employment Policies), BE RECEIVED and the following recommendations BE APPROVED: 1.That the City of Niagara Falls Official Plan Amendment No. 147 (OPA 147) BE APPROVED as modified (attached as Appendix 1 to Report PDS 24-2023); and 2.That this report BE CIRCULATED to the City of Niagara Falls. A copy of PDS 24-2023 is enclosed for your reference. Yours truly, Ann-Marie Norio Regional Clerk js CLK-C 2023-096 cc: J. Federici, Senior Planner, Long Range Planning M.Sergi, Commissioner, Growth, Strategy and Economic Development N.Oakes, Executive Assistant to the Commissioner, Growth, Strategy and Economic Development Page 477 of 610 PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 Page 1 Subject: Approval of City of Niagara Falls Official Plan Amendment No. 147 (Employment Policies) Report to: Planning and Economic Development Committee Report date: Wednesday, August 9, 2023 Recommendations 1. That the City of Niagara Falls Official Plan Amendment No. 147 (OPA 147) BE APPROVED as modified (attached as Appendix 1 to Report PDS 24-2023); and 2. That this report BE CIRCULATED to the City of Niagara Falls. Key Facts • This report seeks Regional Council’s approval of the City of Niagara Falls, Official Plan Amendment (OPA) 147, as modified (Appendix 1). The purpose of OPA 147 is to implement the recommendations of the City of Niagara Falls Employment Lands Strategy and to bring sections of the City’s Official Plan that the Amendment affects into conformity with the Niagara Official Plan. • The Region is the approval authority for OPA 147 pursuant to Section 17 (4) of the Planning Act. The primary role of the approval authority is to ensure that the Amendment is consistent with the Provincial Policy Statement, 2020 (PPS), and conforms with the Niagara Official Plan and applicable Provincial plans, including Employment Area mapping and overall policy direction. • OPA 147 updates existing policies and introduces new policies within the City of Niagara Falls Official Plan regarding Employment Areas and employment lands, including the conversion or re-designation of certain parcels from their existing employment lands uses to new land uses. The Amendment applies to all lands identified for employment uses as well as lands proposed for conversion or re- designation. • Proposed modifications correct mapping discrepancies, correctly identify Employment Areas in Special Policy Areas, establish tests to support Residential uses in Special Policy Area 87, establish that Employment Area conversions are Page 478 of 610 PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 Page 2 ______________________________________________________________________ only permitted during a Regional Municipal Comprehensive Review, and prohibit Residential uses in Employment Areas. • OPA 147 was adopted on April 18, 2023, by the City of Niagara Falls Council. Regional staff recommend Council approve OPA 147, as modified, as it is consistent with the PPS and is in conformity with applicable Provincial plans and the Niagara Official Plan. Financial Considerations There are no direct financial implications arising from the approval of OPA 147. Under subsection 17 (36) of the Planning Act, OPA 147 is, in part, subject to appeal within 20 days after the day that written notice of approval is issued by Niagara Region. An appeal of Regional Council’s decision regarding OPA 147 would result in the need for resources to support an Ontario Land Tribunal hearing. Should there be appeals of Regional Council’s decision, a further report on financial implications will be provided. Analysis Background The Region of Niagara is projected to grow to 272,000 jobs by 2051, representing an increase of over 85,000 jobs compared to 2021. As part of this growth, the City of Niagara Falls is projected to grow to 58,110 jobs over the same period, comprising approximately 25% of all forecasted employment growth in the Region. On November 4, 2022, the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing approved the Niagara Official Plan, which implements designated Employment Areas, related minimum employment density targets and a policy framework to guide employment growth throughout the Region to 2051. The City of Niagara Falls initiated its Employment Lands Strategy (ELS), which is the basis for OPA 147, in early 2020. A Phase 2 ELS Report was prepared in April 2021, and a final Phase 3 ELS Report was released in December 2021. The Phase 3 ELS Report assessed the City’s employment land needs to 2051, identified lands that are suitable for conversion or re-designation to non-employment land uses, and served as a foundation for OPA 147. Page 479 of 610 PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 Page 3 ______________________________________________________________________ To ensure compliance with the Planning Act, public consultation was completed in the form of two public meetings and an open house. Online or hard copies of OPA 147 as proposed were provided to anyone requesting notification through the ELS or the Amendment process under the Planning Act. As part of the consultation process, Regional planning staff provided written and verbal comments on the City of Niagara Falls ELS, and the draft policies and mapping of OPA 147 in November 2021 and in July 2022. The comments were focused on providing guidance to ensure the Amendment is consistent with the PPS, and conforms with the Niagara Official Plan and applicable Provincial plans. Importance of Protecting Employment Areas It is important to identify the fundamental differences between Employment Areas and employment lands as these are not interchangeable terms. Employment Areas are identified in Schedule G of the Niagara Official Plan, and are intended for long-term employment uses, such as manufacturing, warehousing, office and institutional uses, and associated retail and ancillary facilities. The purpose of the Employment Area designation is to protect lands for employment uses and to ensure that there is a sufficient land supply to accommodate the long-term employment growth forecasts allocated to the Region by the Province. For this reason, conversion of Employment Areas to non-employment uses are only permitted through a Regional Municipal Comprehensive Review, which is a process undertaken by the Region every five years to review and update the Niagara Official Plan for conformity with Provincial policy. Employment Areas are strategically located along goods movement corridors and are separated from residential uses to address issues of land use compatibility and to ensure that employment uses may be able to operate or expand without encroachment from sensitive land uses. In accordance with Policy 4.2.1.8 of the Niagara Official Plan, local municipalities must map Employment Areas within their Official Plans; however, they may also identify additional employment lands outside of Employment Areas to accommodate employment uses. Page 480 of 610 PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 Page 4 ______________________________________________________________________ Employment lands outside of Employment Areas are generally regulated by local municipalities and, for the most part, are considered to be outside of Regional interest provided that the criteria in the Niagara Official Plan are addressed. As such, local municipalities are responsible for evaluating the conversion requests of these employment lands, which are permitted to occur at any time. OPA 147 The City of Niagara Falls Planning Staff Recommendation Report PBD-2023-15 (https://niagarafalls.civicweb.net/document/57858) provides a detailed explanation of OPA 147. OPA 147 applies to all lands within the City of Niagara Falls currently designated for employment and industrial uses as well as those lands proposed to be converted or re-designated as part of the Amendment. OPA 147 identifies Employment Areas and associated minimum employment densities. The Amendment also re- designates locally identified employment lands either from a current employment use to a new land use or from an existing land use to an employment land use, in addition to setting out and implementing the conclusions of the Phase 3 ELS Report noted above. Specifically, the land use conversions and re-designations include: • 5796 Valley Way, 5750 Valley Way, 5270 Portage Road and 8236 Beaverdams Road are to be converted from an Industrial to a Minor Commercial designation, which will allow for employment uses of a non-industrial nature on the properties. • Lands along the north side of Bridge Street at Victoria Avenue, as well as the lands of the former Kimberly Clark building are to be converted from Industrial to a Mixed Use 2 designation to support the intensification targets of the Transit Station Area. • 9304 Mcleod Road is to be redesignated to a site-specific residential designation subject to the completion of a risk assessment to justify the conversion as a result of the site’s proximity to the Cytec Industrial use to the southwest. Correspondence Received During the review of OPA 147, the Region received a letter from Thomson Rogers Law, solicitors for Cytec Canada Inc. (Cytec) – part of the Solvay Group, which is included in Appendix 2. The letter requests that the Region of Niagara refuse to approve OPA 147, specifically with respect to allowing residential uses within a two-kilometer radius Page 481 of 610 PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 Page 5 ______________________________________________________________________ surrounding the Cytec lands through the redesignation of 9304 McLeod Road, which has been identified as Special Policy Area 87 in the Amendment. It is the opinion of Cytec that the Region is legally prohibited from approving Special Policy Area 87 by virtue of the Province’s Modification 24 to the Niagara Official Plan (Policy 4.2.4.10 of the NOP). It is the view of Cytec that there is a two-kilometer separation distance or arc surrounding the Cytec facility, and that within that arc residential and other sensitive land uses should be prohibited based on this policy. This is further discussed in the Planning Analysis section of this report under the Niagara Official Plan component. The Region also received e-mail correspondence from Turkstra Mazza Law, solicitors for the landowners at 9015 Stanley Avenue. The e-mail correspondence requested notice of decision on OPA 147, and informed staff that the solicitor expects that the Region will be approving the Amendment as adopted by the City of Niagara Falls. The clergy principle was noted with reference to Niagara Official Plan Policy 7.12.2.5, and that the development application on their client’s lands was deemed complete prior to the approval of the Niagara Official Plan. Staff acknowledge that there is a development application which is still under review by the City. However, as the approval authority for OPA 147, it is the Region’s role to ensure that the City’s Amendment conforms with the Niagara Official Plan, including the Employment Area boundaries identified in Schedule G. With respect of the lands at 9015 Stanley Avenue, the Region received further correspondence from the Niagara Industrial Association on behalf of the Stanley Avenue Business Park community. The e-mail objects to residential land uses being permitted on the lands as there is currently limited land zoned for industrial uses in the community and notes that allowing for residential uses would result in an island of manufacturers who will have to route their trucks through residential areas. Correspondence was also received from Gowling WLG, solicitors for the landowners at 7047 Rexinger Road and 5789 Lyons Creek Road. Both properties are designated Employment Area in the Niagara Region Official Plan. The letter requests that the existing land use designation in the City’s Official Plan is retained on the lands to allow for a mixed-use development. Further, the letter requests that the Region defer the approval of OPA 147 until the proposed Provincial Planning Statement is proclaimed as this will change how Employment Areas are managed. Page 482 of 610 PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 Page 6 ______________________________________________________________________ Proposed Modifications OPA 147 can be supported with modifications. Regional staff have proposed fourteen (14) modifications, as set out in Appendix 1 to PDS 24-2023. The proposed modifications address the following: • Mapping Discrepancies: Staff identified eight (8) mapping discrepancies between the Employment Area mapping on Schedule G of the Niagara Official Plan (NOP) and Schedule A-7 of OPA 147. Modifications have been made in Appendix 1 to ensure that the Employment Area mapping in OPA 147 conforms with the NOP. In Regional staff’s view, and supported by legal opinion, this aspect of the amendment is exempt from appeal. o As part of the mapping discrepancies, the property known municipally as 9015 Stanley Avenue was not mapped as an Employment Area in OPA 147. This was the decision of local Council as part of adopting the Amendment. However, this property is mapped as an Employment Area on Schedule G of the NOP. Map 1 and Schedule A-7 of the Amendment have been modified to identify these lands as Employment Area to conform with the NOP. • Clarification of Employment Lands vs Employment Areas: Modifications to the Special Policy Areas section of the Amendment have been made to clarify which special policy areas are located within Employment Areas and which special policy areas are located within employment lands outside of Employment Areas. This is important because there are different requirements for land use conversions in Employment Areas compared to employment lands. • Special Policy Area 87: The policy has been modified to establish that the Residential designation will take effect upon certain conditions being cleared to the satisfaction of the City of Niagara Falls in consultation with Niagara Region, as opposed to upon approval of OPA 147 by Niagara Region. The primary purpose of the conditions, and specifically the Risk Assessment, is to evaluate the risk factors associated with the phosphine storage located on the Cytec Canada Inc. lands and determine whether Residential uses are appropriate for Special Policy Area 87 based on the risks identified. • Employment Area Conversions: Policy 4.2.1.10 of the NOP identifies that conversion of lands within Employment Areas shall not be permitted except Page 483 of 610 PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 Page 7 ______________________________________________________________________ during the Region’s municipal comprehensive review. Policy 8.32 of OPA 147 allows for the conversion of lands within Employment Areas in advance of the next Regional municipal comprehensive review. This policy has been deleted entirely to ensure conformity with the NOP. • Prohibiting Residential Uses in Employment Areas: Policies within OPA 147 that permit residential uses within Employment Areas have been deleted entirely as the NOP prohibits residential uses within Employment Areas. Policies that were approved through a secondary plan process or equivalent process prior to the approval of the NOP have not been modified in accordance with Policy 4.2.1.16 of the NOP. Planning Analysis OPA 147 has been reviewed against the Provincial and Regional planning policy framework in the following analysis. Provincial Policy Statement (PPS), 2020 The PPS requires that planning authorities promote economic development and competitiveness by providing opportunities for a diversified economic base, including maintaining a range and choice of suitable sites for employment uses, and identifying strategic sites for investment (1.3.1). The PPS directs that planning authorities shall plan for, protect and preserve Employment Areas for current and future uses (1.3.2.1), and shall prohibit residential uses and prohibit or limit sensitive land uses that are not ancillary to the primary employment use to maintain land use compatibility (1.3.2.3). Planning authorities may permit conversion of lands within Employment Areas to non- employment uses through a municipal comprehensive review where it has been demonstrated that the lands are not required for employment purposes over the long term, and that there is a need for the conversion (1.3.2.4). As modified, OPA 147 is consistent with the PPS. A Place to Grow: Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe (Growth Plan), 2020 The Growth Plan directs that upper- and lower-tier municipalities are required to designate Employment Areas in official plans and protect them for appropriate employment uses over the long-term (2.2.5.6). Municipalities are required to plan for all Page 484 of 610 PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 Page 8 ______________________________________________________________________ Employment Areas by prohibiting residential uses and prohibiting or limiting other sensitive land uses that are not ancillary to the primary employment use (2.2.5.7). The conversion of lands within Employment Areas to non-employment uses may only be permitted through a municipal comprehensive review (2.2.5.9). Upper-tier municipalities in consultation with lower-tier municipalities must establish minimum density targets within all Employment Areas and implemented through official plan policies and designations, and zoning by-laws (2.2.5.13). As modified, OPA 147 conforms with A Place to Grow: Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe, 2020. Niagara Official Plan (NOP), 2022 The Niagara Official Plan (NOP) was approved by the Province in November 2022. The Region is required to plan for and protect lands to accommodate the Province’s forecasted employment growth coming to Niagara, which is achieved through identifying Employment Areas on Schedule G of the NOP. Local area municipalities are required to map Employment Areas in local official plans and plan for Employment Areas to achieve the minimum density targets set out in Table 4-2 of the NOP (4.2.1.8 and 4.2.1.9). Employment Area minimum density targets shall be implemented in local official plans and zoning by-laws (4.2.1.10). Conversion of lands within Employment Areas shall not be permitted except during the Region’s municipal comprehensive review and local municipalities are required to use planning tools to achieve land use compatibility between Employment Areas and non-employment lands (4.2.1.11 and 4.2.1.12). In addition to employment lands located within Employment Areas, the City of Niagara Falls has identified employment lands outside of Employment Areas. Local municipalities are to ensure that the introduction of non-employment uses, if permitted by other policies of the NOP, would be limited and not negatively impact the primary employment function of the area (4.2.4.1). Where avoidance is not possible, planning authorities shall protect the long-term viability of existing or planned industrial, manufacturing or other uses that are vulnerable to encroachment, and are only permitted subject to demonstrating that the criteria set out are sufficiently addressed (4.2.4.3). Any proposed redevelopment of non-employment uses on employment lands, outside of Employment Areas, shall retain space for a similar number of jobs to remain accommodated on site (4.2.5.1). Page 485 of 610 PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 Page 9 ______________________________________________________________________ NOP Policy 4.2.4.10 identified in the letter from Cytec Canada Inc. noted above was added by the Province as part of its approval. The policy states that development applications within a two-kilometer radius of the Cytec Canada Inc. facility in Niagara Falls shall be subject to Policy 4.2.1.11 of this Plan. Policy 4.2.1.11 states that conversion of lands within Employment Areas shall not be permitted except during the Region’s municipal comprehensive review. A portion of the lands identified as Special Policy Area 87 in OPA 147 fall within a two kilometer radius of the Cytec Canada Inc. facility; however, given that Employment Areas is a defined term within the NOP and that the lands located within Special Policy Area 87 are not mapped as Employment Areas on Schedule G of the NOP, it is the position of Regional staff that Policy 4.2.1.11 does not apply to Special Policy Area 87. As modified, OPA 147 conforms with the NOP in respect of the applicable policies related to planning for employment in Section 4.2. Conclusion Regional staff have provided verbal and written comments to City staff throughout the development of OPA 147 to support conformity of the policies to the Niagara Official Plan. OPA 147 contains policies that focus on planning for and protecting lands to accommodate the forecasted employment growth allocated to the City of Niagara Falls. Employment Areas and employment lands play a critical role in the ability to retain and attract employment investment, which is imperative particularly in the City of Niagara Falls given its strategic location and proximity to the United States. OPA 147 as modified (Appendix 1) represents good planning and is proposed for Regional Council’s approval. As modified, OPA 147 is consistent with the PPS, conforms or does not conflict with applicable Provincial plans, and conforms with the Niagara Official Plan. City staff have been consulted as part of the review of OPA 147 and are generally in agreement with the modifications put forward for recommendation. Alternatives Reviewed Council may choose not to approve OPA 147. This approach is not recommended given that City staff incorporated most comments previously submitted by the Region and other agencies into this Amendment, and the modifications proposed ensure conformity with the NOP. Page 486 of 610 PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 Page 10 ______________________________________________________________________ Council may choose to approve OPA 147 without the proposed modifications. This approach is not recommended as the modifications ensure conformity with the NOP as approved by the Province. OPA 147 reflects input from public agencies, interested parties, the public, and Regional staff. The modifications proposed are consistent with the PPS and conform with applicable Provincial plans and the Niagara Official Plan. Should Council not approve the Amendment and an appeal to the Ontario Land Tribunal is launched by the City or a third party, Council will need to retain professional planning services from a consultant to defend its decision. Relationship to Council Strategic Priorities Approval of OPA 147 supports the following Regional Council Strategic Priorities: Priority 1: Supporting Businesses and Economic Growth Priority 2: Healthy and Vibrant Community Priority 3: Responsible Growth and Infrastructure Planning The Amendment will implement policies that protect lands to accommodate the Province’s forecasted employment growth for Niagara and will help facilitate responsible growth and development. The Amendment will support the Region in increasing its economic competitiveness and accommodate jobs to support a healthy and vibrant community. ________________________________ Prepared by: John Federici, M.PL Senior Planner, Long Range Planning Growth Strategy and Economic Development _______________________________ Recommended by: Michelle Sergi, MCIP, RPP Commissioner Growth Strategy and Economic Development ________________________________ Submitted by: Ron Tripp, P.Eng. Chief Administrative Officer Page 487 of 610 PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 Page 11 ______________________________________________________________________ This report was prepared in consultation with Alexandria Tikky, MCIP, RPP, Senior Project Policy Manager, and reviewed by Britney Fricke, MCIP, RPP, Senior Planner and Angela Stea, MCIP, RPP, Director of Community and Long Range Planning. Appendices Appendix 1 Official Plan Amendment No. 147 to the City of Niagara Falls Official Plan as Modified by Niagara Region Appendix 2 Correspondence Received During Regional Review Page 488 of 610 Appendix 1 of PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 Appendix 1 Modifications to the City of Niagara Falls Official Plan Amendment No. 147 The following modifications are hereby made to the City of Niagara Falls Official Plan Amendment Number 147 adopted by the City of Niagara Falls on April 18, 2023. As thus modified, City of Niagara Falls Official Plan Amendment Number 147 is approved under subsection 17 (34) of the Planning Act, R.S.O. 1990, subject to the following modifications. Part A: Text Modifications 1. Section 2 (TEXT CHANGES) e) ii) of the amendment is modified by: i. Deleting POLICY 3.16.12 of PART 1, SECTION 3, INTENSIFICATION and its subsections entirely and renumbering subsequent policies accordingly. 2. The following policy is added after Policy 8.2 in Section 2 (TEXT CHANGES) j) of the amendment and subsequent policies are renumbered accordingly: “The following are prohibited in all Employment Areas: a. residential uses; b. major retail / major commercial uses; and c. major office uses, except major office uses permitted in Employment Areas within a strategic growth area.” 3. Policy 8.3 of Section 2 (TEXT CHANGES) j) of the amendment is modified by: i. In the first paragraph, replacing the word “reflect” with the word “are”; ii. In the fourth paragraph, replacing the words “meet the” with the words “be planned to achieve the”; and iii. In the fourth paragraph replacing the words “of Part 2, Section 2” with the words “to 2051 identified in Table 2 of Part 1, Section 2”. 4. Policy 8.30 of Section 2 (TEXT CHANGES) n) of the amendment is deleted entirely and subsequent policies are renumbered accordingly. 5. Policy 8.31 of Section 2 (TEXT CHANGES) n) of the amendment is modified by: i. Adding the words “,to the satisfaction of the City of Niagara Falls in consultation with Niagara Region” after the words “where it has been demonstrated” and before the word “that”; Page 489 of 610 Appendix 1 of PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 ii. In subsection 8.31.4 replacing the words “and the Growth Plan” with the words “Provincial Plans and policies, and the Niagara Official Plan”; iii. In subsection 8.31.5 removing the word “and” after the semicolon; iv. Renumbering subsection “8.30.6” to “8.31.6”; and v. Adding subsection 8.31.7 as follows: “8.31.7 conversion criteria and any related requirements set out by the Niagara Region at the time of a Regional Municipal Comprehensive Review are addressed.” 6. Policy 8.32 of Section 2 (TEXT CHANGES) n) of the amendment is deleted in its entirety and subsequent policies are renumbered accordingly. 7. Policy 8.33 of Section 2 (TEXT CHANGES) n) of the amendment is modified by: i. Adding the words “outside of Employment Areas” after the words “non- employment uses”; and ii. Deleting the words “with an associated Regional Official Plan Amendment”. 8. Section 2 (TEXT CHANGES) o) ii) of the amendment is modified by: i. Replacing the words “Employment Area” with the words “Employment Lands”. 9. Section 2 (TEXT CHANGES) o) ix) of the amendment is modified by: i. Replacing the words “Employment Areas” with the words “Employment Lands”. 10. Section 2 (TEXT CHANGES) o) xviii) of the amendment is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following: xviii) by adding the following new policy: Policy 13.87 SPECIAL POLICY AREA “87”. Special Policy Area “87” applies to 18.5 hectares of land on the south side of McLeod Road, east of Beechwood Road, known municipally as 9304 McLeod Road. The Residential designation of the lands will come into effect when the following conditions are cleared by the City of Niagara Falls in consultation with Niagara Region: a) That as part of any development application submission on the lands, the applicant shall undertake a Risk Assessment for review and approval to support a Residential designation on the lands. Page 490 of 610 Appendix 1 of PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 i. In advance of the Risk Assessment commencing, the applicant shall submit a Risk Assessment Terms of Reference to Niagara Region, in consultation with the City of Niagara Falls for review and approval. ii. Niagara Region will undertake a peer review of the Risk Assessment to confirm that the methodology utilized is appropriate and to certify that the Risk Assessment complies with the approved Terms of Reference. iii. If the Risk Assessment determines that Residential uses are not appropriate for the lands, due to there being an unacceptable risk to public health or safety or other factors, the Risk Assessment shall identify appropriate non-residential uses to be considered for the lands. b) That as part of any development application submission on the lands, the applicant shall prepare a Land Use Compatibility Study in accordance with Provincial D-6 Guidelines, which shall be peer reviewed. c) That as part of any development application submission on the lands, the applicant shall provide written acknowledgement demonstrating the gross floor area of non-residential space being retained for a similar number of jobs to remain accommodated on the site to support the conversion of the lands in accordance with Part 2, Policy 8.33 of this Plan. 11. Section 2 (TEXT CHANGES) cc) iv) of the amendment is modified by: i. Replacing the words “the policies and schedules of the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe” with the words “Provincial policies and plans and the applicable policies of the Niagara Official Plan”. Page 491 of 610 Appendix 1 of PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 Part B: Mapping Modifications Mapping modifications are identified through text to Official Plan Amendment No. 147 to the City of Niagara Falls Official Plan below, with corresponding numbers and illustrations of the modifications on the mapping for clarity. 12. “Map 1 to Amendment No. 147 to the Official Plan Schedule “A” – Future Land Use Plan” is modified so that lands municipally known as 9015 Stanley Avenue, in addition to lands located South of the Welland River and East of the Q.E.W. are identified as “Area affected by this amendment”. Lands currently designated Resort Commercial within the “Area affected by this amendment” on Map 1 are re- designated to Employment, as depicted on Map 1 as modified below. The Legend is modified by replacing the word “ECA” with the word “Employment”, and by adding text that identifies that the extent of the Environmental Conservation Area and Environmental Protection Area do not necessarily include the extent of the Region’s Natural Environment System and that Regional mapping should be consulted. 13. The Legend to “Map 4 to Amendment No. 147 to the Official Plan Schedule “A” – Future Land Use Plan” is modified by adding the number “87” after the words “Special Policy Area” and by modifying the line color for the Special Policy Area from black to red. 14. Map 6 of the amendment entitled “SCHEDULE A-7 EMPLOYMENT LANDS” is modified so that the boundaries of the Employment Areas mapped reflect the addition or removal of the lands identified below: a. Lands municipally known as 2125 Fruitbelt Parkway are added to Employment Area 1 and are designated Employment. b. Lands bounded by Carroll Avenue to the West, Thorold Stone Road to the North, the Canadian National rail line to the East, and the southern limit of the lands municipally known as 4256 Carroll Avenue to the South, are added to Employment Area 2. c. Lands that comprise the Hydro Canal are added to Employment Area 2. d. Lands abutting the rail corridor, South of Whirlpool Road and Southwest of Niagara River Parkway are removed from Employment Area 2. e. Lands municipally known as 7633, 7641, 7649, 7657, 7665, 7673, 7681, 7689, and 7697 Hackberry Trail, in addition to lands North of Brown Road are removed from Employment Area 5. Page 492 of 610 Appendix 1 of PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 f. Lands located South of the Welland River and East of the Q.E.W. are added to Employment Area 5. g. Lands municipally known as 9015 Stanley Avenue are added to Employment Area 5. h. Lands bounded by Chippawa Parkway to the South, 6025 Chippawa Parkway to the West, Don Murie Street to the North, and Stanley Avenue to the East are added to Employment Area 7. Page 493 of 610 Appendix 1 of PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 14.A. Lands municipally known as 2125 Fruitbelt Parkway are added to Employment Area 1 and are designated Employment as identified below: Page 494 of 610 Appendix 1 of PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 14.B. Lands bounded by Carroll Avenue to the West, Thorold Stone Road to the North, the Canadian National rail line to the East, and the southern limit of the property municipally known as 4256 Carroll Avenue to the south, are added to Employment Area 2 as identified below: Page 495 of 610 Appendix 1 of PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 14.C. Lands that comprise the Hydro Canal are added to Employment Area 2, as identified below: Page 496 of 610 Appendix 1 of PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 14.D. Lands abutting the rail corridor, South of Whirlpool Road and Southwest of Niagara River Parkway are removed from Employment Area 2 as identified below: Page 497 of 610 Appendix 1 of PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 14.E. Lands municipally known as 7633, 7641, 7649, 7657, 7665, 7673, 7681, 7689, and 7697 Hackberry Trail, in addition to lands North of Brown Road are removed from Employment Area 5 as identified below: Page 498 of 610 Appendix 1 of PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 14.F. Lands located South of the Welland River and East of the Q.E.W. are added to Employment Area 5 as identified below: Page 499 of 610 Appendix 1 of PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 14.G. Lands municipally known as 9015 Stanley Avenue are added to Employment Area 5 as identified below. Page 500 of 610 Appendix 1 of PDS 24-2023 August 9, 2023 14.H. Lands bounded by Chippawa Parkway to the South, lands municipally known as 6025 Chippawa Parkway to the West, Don Murie Street to the North, and Stanley Avenue to the East are added to Employment Area 7 as identified below: Page 501 of 610 Administration Office of the Regional Clerk 1815 Sir Isaac Brock Way, PO Box 1042, Thorold, ON L2V 4T7 Telephone: 905-980-6000 Toll-free: 1-800-263-7215 Fax: 905-687-4977 www.niagararegion.ca August 23, 2023 CL 12-2023, August 17, 2023 CSC 8-2023, August 9, 2023 CSC-C 18-2023, August 9, 2023 DISTRIBUTION LIST SENT ELECTRONICALLY Referred Motion – Support for Association of Municipalities of Ontario (AMO) Municipal Code of Conduct Recommendations CSC-C 18-2023 Regional Council, at its meeting held on August 17, 2023, passed the following recommendation of its Corporate Services Committee: That Correspondence Item CSC-C 18-2023, dated August 9, 2023, respecting Referred Motion – Support for Association of Municipalities Ontario (AMO) Municipal Code of Conduct Recommendations, BE RECEIVED and the following BE APPROVED: WHEREAS Bill 5, known as the “Stopping Harassment and Abuse by Local Leaders Act", was an important piece of legislation to strengthen accountability for council members, but failed upon second reading in the Provincial legislature in May 2023; WHEREAS Bill 5 was endorsed by over 170 municipalities in Ontario including the Niagara Region, recognizing the importance of aligning council conduct policies with workplace violence and harassment policies; WHEREAS a safe and respectful work environment is a basic expectation for all Ontarians; WHEREAS serving our communities in a leadership role is a privilege and a responsibility; WHEREAS improving local public discourse will improve public confidence in local government and increase respect for our municipal institutions and the work we do; WHEREAS democracy suffers when the public loses confidence in their representatives and institutions; and WHEREAS the Ministry of Municipal Affairs launched consultation on strengthening municipal codes of conduct in March of 2021 without any further update. Page 502 of 610 Referred Motion – Support for Association of Municipalities of Ontario (AMO) Municipal Code of Conduct Recommendations August 23, 2023 Page 2 NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: 1. That Regional Council SUPPORTS the recommendations made by AMO that: a) Codes of Conduct should be updated to include workplace safety and harassment policies; b) Codes of Conduct should have an escalating enforcement mechanism through administrative monetary penalties that recognize local circumstances; c) Integrity Commissioners should have better, standardized training to improve consistency of decisions across the province; d) In the most egregious cases, such as harassment or assault, municipalities should be able to apply to a judge to remove a sitting member if recommended by an Integrity Commissioner; e) A member removed under this process should be unable to sit in another election during the term of office removed and the subsequent term; 2. That Regional Council URGES the Ontario Government to table and pass legislation to make these changes as soon as possible; 3. That Regional Council REINFORCES that the time to act is past due as articulated and expressed by AMO; and That this motion BE CIRCULATED to AMO and Niagara members of provincial parliament and local area municipalities. A copy of CSC-C 18-2023 is enclosed for your reference. Yours truly, Ann-Marie Norio Regional Clerk :kl CLK-C 2023-091 Page 503 of 610 Referred Motion – Support for Association of Municipalities of Ontario (AMO) Municipal Code of Conduct Recommendations August 23, 2023 Page 3 Distribution List: Association of Municipalities of Ontario (AMO) Jeff Burch, Member of Provincial Parliament, Niagara Centre Wayne Gates, Member of Provincial Parliament, Niagara Falls Sam Oosterhoff, Member of Provincial Parliament, Niagara West Jennie Stevens, Member of Provincial Parliament, St. Catharines Local Area Municipalities Page 504 of 610 EDWARD T. MCDERMOTT Integrity Commissioner City of Niagara Falls integrity@adr.ca September 1, 2023 Sent by email to: Bill Matson, City Clerk billmatson@niagarafalls.ca Re: Report re IC- 25822-0823 Omnibus Complaint on Various Members of Council Dear Mr. Matson: I am enclosing a copy of my Report and Decision in connection with the above referenced matter for submission to Council. A copy has also been provided to the Complainant. This matter is accordingly now concluded. Yours very truly, Edward T. McDermott Integrity Commissioner, City of Niagara Falls Page 505 of 610 EDWARD. T. MCDERMOTT Integrity Commissioner City of Niagara Falls E-mail: emcdermott@adr.ca MICHAEL L. MAYNARD Investigator Office of the Integrity Commissioner E-mail: mmaynard@adr.ca September 1, 2023 SENT BY EMAIL TO: Mr. Joedy Burdett AND TO: Niagara Falls City Council Cc: Bill Matson, City Clerk Re: Report re: IC-25822-0823 Omnibus Complaint re: Various Members of Council 1.0 Delegation of Investigative Powers 1.1 – Delegation Pursuant to a written delegation of powers dated August 1, 2023, Edward T. McDermott (“Mr. McDermott”, “Integrity Commissioner”, or “IC”), in his capacity as Integrity Commissioner for the City of Niagara Falls (“Niagara Falls” or the “City”), delegated to Michael L. Maynard (“Mr. Maynard” or the “Investigator”) pursuant to section 223.3(3) of the Municipal Act, 2001, S.O. 2001, c. 25, (“Municipal Act”) certain of his powers and duties as Integrity Commissioner to inquire into and prepare a report (subject to his review and approval) ("Report") Page 506 of 610 2 with respect to the complaint submissions (“Complaint”) of Mr. Joedy Burdett (“Complainant”) as described herein. 2.0 The Complaint 2.1 – Receipt of the Complaint The Complaint, of some 130 pages in length including exhibits, was filed with the City of Niagara Falls under its Code of Conduct (“Code”) on or around July 27, 2023, and directed by the City Clerk to the Integrity Commissioner’s Office (“Office”) on the same date. The Complaint named every Member of Council serving the City of Niagara Falls, and advanced numerous, various, and in certain cases, disparate allegations about them. 2.2 – Summary of the Complaint The Complainant’s submissions contained numerous subheadings, each representing separate circumstances and various subsets of individual Members who were subject to the Complainant’s allegations. In effect, the Complainant filed four separate Complaints (by category) against various Members of Council, many of whom appeared under more than one sub-heading. 2.2.1 – Complaint re: "Petitions" This section of the Complainant’s submissions is dedicated to a Code allegation against all nine Members of Council. It concerns the topic of how the Complainant’s petitions to Council were being represented on the Council Agenda and broadly stems from a disagreement the Complainant has with the Clerk in this regard. The Complainant made known to Council his objections to the way his petitions were being presented, but Council opted not to act on these objections. The Complainant submitted that the Respondent Councillors each breached numerous sections of the Code of Conduct, including ss. 1.2; 1.3; 3; 4.2(a) and (c); 5(b); and 14.2. 2.2.2 – Complaint re: “Anger Management” This Complaint is made against Mayor Jim Diodati and concerns separate and unrelated matters from the previous “Petitions” subsection of the Complainant’s submissions. Page 507 of 610 3 In this section of the Complaint, the Complainant alleges that the Mayor, Jim Diodati, acted improperly in the way he communicated with, towards, and/or about a member of the public. He described the event as a “verbal altercation” occurring during the Council meeting of June 20, 2023. The incident involved a member of the public in the gallery who disrupted Council proceedings. The Complainant described the Mayor’s response to this incident as “inappropriate” and a failure to “exercise […] restraint”. The Complainant referred to video of the meeting in question and provided a transcript of the incident in support of his allegations. The Complainant alleged that the Mayor violated sections 3; 4.2; 13.1; and 13.2 of the Code. 2.2.3 – Complaint re: Collusion The Complainant advanced an allegation against Mayor Diodati and Councillor Strange, asserting that they “colluded” to defer a matter that was before Council at the meeting of June 20, 2023. According to the Complainant, the Mayor and Councillor Strange may have previously determined that Councillor Strange would bring a motion to defer this particular matter, and that the outcome of the motion to defer may have been pre-determined. The Complainant viewed this process to defer as “staged” and claimed that some others also viewed it in this manner. The Complainant alleged that various other Members were involved in this “staged” process. The Complainant alleges that the various Members of Council violated the Code and cited sections 1.2; 1.3(a), (c), and (e); 3; 4.2; 5; 7; and 14.1; as being applicable to all or various Council Members respectively. 2.2.4 – Complaint re: Fallsview BIA This subsection of the Complaint deals with Councillor Thomson. The Complainant submitted various exhibits to demonstrate that he has requested and that, in his view, Councillor Thomson has an obligation to inform the Complainant about any and all Fallsview BIA meetings so that the Complainant may attend them. He observed that Councillor Thomson subsequently made reference to Fallsview BIA meetings that took place, but which the Complainant had not been made aware of / extended a personal invitation by the Councillor to attend. Page 508 of 610 4 The Complainant alleges that Councillor Thomson breached Code sections 1.2; 1.3(c) and (d); 3; 7; and 13.1. 3.0 The Investigation Process 3.1 – Review of Complaint and Evidence The investigation into these matters involved a comprehensive review of the voluminous submissions of the Complainant, relevant case law, and the applicable provisions of the Code and the Municipal Act. 3.2 – Procedural Fairness and Evidentiary Standard The principles of procedural fairness were followed in this matter. This Application was reviewed by the Integrity Commissioner and this Investigator, and its contents have been thoroughly considered and addressed in this Report, which provides reasons for the findings contained herein. In view of our evaluation of the matters set forth herein, it was determined that no Replies from the named Councillors or personal interviews were necessary or warranted to process this matter. The standard of proof applied in this matter is, as with all IC matters, the civil “balance of probabilities” standard. 4.0 – Demand for Recusal 4.1 – Correspondence from the Complainant On August 25, 2023, our Office received two pieces of correspondence from the Complainant. The first was addressed to ADR Chambers; the local newspaper; all Members of Council; and the City Clerk informing all that he had submitted “formal complaints with the Ontario Law Society” against Mr. McDermott and Mr. Maynard, alleging (without any specifics) that we had engaged in conduct somehow related to (as quoted from the Complainant’s letter): ethics, honesty or breach of confidentiality; Page 509 of 610 5 communications (including failure to reply to communications or to provide detailed statements or transaction records); misleading, threatening or rude behaviour. The letter sought as a resolution to the request that we be recused from the Complaints. A second letter from the Complainant to ADR Chambers was then received reiterating that a complaint to the Law Society had been filed and asking whether we (Messrs. McDermott and Maynard) would continue our involvement in the matter. In effect, the Complainant threatened (by way of making bald and baseless accusations) to initiate the intervention of the Law Society of Ontario to act as an adjudicative body over a statutory administrative decision-making authority (the IC), while demanding as a resolution that we recuse ourselves from overseeing this process, notwithstanding our statutory, municipal policy, and contractual obligations to do so. To be clear, the independence of an administrative tribunal or other such decision- making authority, including a municipal Integrity Commissioner, is fundamental to the proper and fair administration of justice. Absent a reasonable apprehension of bias, there is no requirement that an Integrity Commissioner recuse themselves from hearing and deciding upon a matter within their statutory and contractual remit. There is no evidence of bias, because none exists. If the Complainant is unhappy about decisions rendered by the Integrity Commissioner that have not been in his favour, this is not evidence of bias; it is evidence only that the Complainant disagrees with decisions that did not go his way. We can only presume that the Respondent, who is known to this Office from previous Complaints and other correspondence that he has filed with us, is unhappy with the answers he received from the Integrity Commissioner respecting various procedural rules and interpretations of the Code. The issue of Integrity Commissioner bias, and whether an IC ought to recuse themselves from hearing a matter, was recently opined upon by the Integrity Commissioners at Principles Integrity (“Principles”) in a 2022 Toronto Catholic District School Board matter “Code of Conduct Complaint Against Trustee Daniel Page 510 of 610 6 Di Giorgio”. In their published report1 Principles dealt with the question of bias and whether they ought to recuse themselves from hearing the matter before them. Citing Northwest Territories v. Public Service Alliance of Canada2, Principles wrote, in part, as follows: [27] The test, which is an objective one, is whether a reasonable person informed of the facts, viewing the matter realistically and practically, would conclude that the tribunal members were not institutionally independent and impartial or that they were institutionally or individually biased in the conduct of the matter. [28] In one of the leading cases on bias of administrative tribunals and agencies, the panel of the Federal Court of Appeal [case citation]3 stated at paragraph 37: It is now recognized that the constitutional or common law rules of independence and impartiality applicable to the courts do not apply with the same stringency to administrative tribunals… [quoting from a Supreme Court of Canada decision] “an informed person’s assessment will always depend on the circumstances. The nature of the dispute to be decided, the other duties of the administrative agency and the operational context as a whole will of course affect the assessment. In a criminal trial, the smallest detail capable of casting doubt on the judge’s impartiality will be cause for alarm, whereas greater flexibility must be shown toward administrative tribunals.” [29] In that matter, the three members of the panel who had been appointed by the Canadian Human Rights Commission to inquire into a complaint had not been appointed to a newly established tribunal. Their appointments were therefore not being extended. The continuation of the hearing before them would result in their remuneration on a per diem basis for the duration of the matter. 1 Principles Integrity; TCDSB Code of Conduct Complaint against Trustee Daniel DiGiorgio Recommendation Report; filestream.ashx (escribemeetings.com) at paras 20-34; May 16, 2022 [amended August 8, 2022]. 2 2001 FCA 162 (CanLII) | Northwest Territories v. Public Service Alliance of Canada (C.A.) | CanLII 3 Ibid Page 511 of 610 7 [30] The complainant alleged that the tribunal members were not independent or impartial, given that their appointments had not been extended and their per diem remuneration was to be impacted by the continuation of the hearing. [31] In finding no reasonable apprehension of bias, the Court stated at paragraphs 38 and 39: “The appellant, in my view, in what I can only term either a desperate move or a wasted effort (un coup d’épée dans l’eau), argues that there is a reasonable apprehension of bias resulting from the fact that the three members, being paid on a per diem basis, might protract and prolong the hearing of the complaint in order to extract more money from the government.” … Again, a reasonable person well informed of all the facts surrounding these proceedings and the allegations made by the appellant could not and would not conclude that the members would be, for that reason, institutionally or individually biased in the conduct of their hearing. …In any event, the appellant is not without remedy if prejudicial interference on the part of the Treasury Board or actual bias on the part of the members as a result of the Treasury Board’s position occurs and can be established. But it cannot be inferred from the mere possibility of eventual misconduct on either side that a reasonable apprehension of bias would arise. More than fanciful speculation is required to create in the mind of a well-informed and reasonable person a reasonable apprehension of bias. In this present matter, Mr. Burdett has provided no evidence whatsoever that would lead a reasonable person to conclude there is a disqualifying bias on the part of either Mr. McDermott or Mr. Maynard. To put it plainly, there is no such evidence, nor is there a disqualifying bias. Page 512 of 610 8 Moreover, the Complainant’s attempts to have us removed (or to coerce us to remove ourselves) from this matter by filing complaints with the Law Society of Ontario (which, to our knowledge, has no jurisdiction to oversee Integrity Commissioner matters in any event) are unfortunate. However, his actions will not induce his desired result. We see no valid reason to recuse ourselves from carrying out our statutory and contractual duty to the City of Niagara Falls. The Complainant’s request / demand that we recuse ourselves is accordingly denied. 5.0 Analysis of Issues 5.1 – Preliminary and Substantive Issues In processing this matter, we have determined that there are a number of preliminary issues which are dispositive of the matter as a whole. We will deal with the issues applicable to each matter in turn. 5.1.1 – Omnibus Complaints and Complaints Against Multiple Parties / Council As already noted, the Complainant filed a single Complaint Form (and paid a single fee, which is further discussed in the next subsection of this Report) while raising a variety of unconnected complaints that cover individuals and groups of Councillors, as well as Council as a whole. In total, the Complainant filed submissions about four separate matters, involving various Members of Council. In another (as yet unconcluded and unreported) matter involving this Complainant, the Integrity Commissioner, by way of a letter dated May 12, 2023, informed the Complainant that omnibus Complaints dealing with separate matters involving different Respondent Councillors were not permitted, writing, in part: “I have concluded, as has Mr. Maynard, that your submissions are administratively unworkable. The reason for this is that you have combined two separate complaints, against two separate councillors, involving totally separate issues, into one single document. Due to privacy reasons, as well as the fact that Respondent Councillors should only have to respond to the matter applicable to themselves, and in doing so will likely have their own individual defences, these matters must be separate. I may also reach different conclusions respecting each Member. Page 513 of 610 9 It is accordingly not practicable nor is it appropriate for me to forward your submissions, as written, to both Councillors. It is furthermore not possible, nor is it an appropriate and responsible use of public resources, for our office to go to the effort of splitting out your Complaints for you. It is incumbent on you, as the Complainant, to provide appropriate submissions for processing by my office.” The Complainant was accordingly requested to separate his Complaints into separate files, and to file them individually. He complied with this request, and resubmitted two separate files directly to our Office. By way of further correspondence of August 8, 2023, the Integrity Commissioner reminded the Complainant that, upon filing the initial Complaint (which had now been split), he had only paid a single filing fee, notwithstanding that he had clearly filed two separate complaints about separate matters and involving distinct individuals. The Integrity Commissioner wrote, in part: “As you are aware from my letter of May 12, 2023, you were required to separate the omnibus Complaint you originally filed against two Councillors for separate matters. You ultimately complied with that request and the files were accordingly separated. It seems however that you only paid the sum of $500.00 to process these Complaints whereas the City’s Code of Conduct mandates that amount be paid for each Complaint. You are accordingly required to pay the additional sum of $500.00 to process both Complaints. Alternately you may, if you wish, only elect to pursue one of the Complaints (to which the initial payment would be applied) whereupon the other would be terminated. […]” In this present matter, as already observed, the Complainant has submitted Complaints on four totally unrelated topics / circumstances, involving a variety of individuals and/or groups of Councillors, with a multitude of allegations and disparate Code sections being allegedly applicable to each. This is, quite simply, not appropriate – and the Complainant was fully aware of this, as he had been so instructed previously. Page 514 of 610 10 To be clear, an Integrity Commissioner is not mandated by law to receive and process omnibus complaints about numerous Members of Council, groups of Members of Council, or Council as a whole. The Municipal Act establishes the investigative mandate of an Integrity Commissioner under s. 223.4 (1) which states: Inquiry by Commissioner 223.4 (1) This section applies if the Commissioner conducts an inquiry under this Part, (a) in respect of a request made by council, a member of council or a member of the public about whether a member of council or of a local board has contravened the code of conduct applicable to the member; […] [emphasis added] We observe and reiterate that the law does not state that an Integrity Commissioner may conduct “an inquiry” in respect of “numerous requests” concerning “multiple members” nor does it provide for an inquiry about “groups of members” nor about a “council” as a whole. It permits an inquiry (singular) in respect of a request (singular) about the conduct of “a member” (singular). This is not to suggest that multiple sections of the Code cannot be applicable to a single complaint; but it clearly and strongly suggests that an inquiry conducted by an Integrity Commissioner must be in respect of only one complaint concerning one member. Furthermore, s. 17.1 of the Code similarly provides that “a complaint” may be filed about “a member” – it does not say multiple complaints, nor does it say complaints about multiple members, a group of members, nor Council as a whole. This section also requires a filing fee for each complaint filed about “a member”. It states as follows: 17.1 A complaint that a member has contravened the Code may be initiated by any resident of the City of Niagara Falls, any Member of Council, or by Council as follows: (a) a complaint along with the prescribed fee in the amount of $500 shall be made in the form attached as Appendix A and may be sent Page 515 of 610 11 directly to the Integrity Commissioner by mail, e-mail, fax or courier or they may be filed in person at the Clerk’s Office within City Hall; We observe that the Complainant has filed a multitude of disparate complaints against all Members, in varying numbers. He has done so under a single filing, while paying only a single fee. In our view, this is improper and, given our previous instructions to the Complainant on the requirement to separate his Complaints individually, we view it as abuse of process by a vexatious Complainant. These matters are accordingly summarily dismissed on this basis. We also recognize from our past experiences with the Complainant that he may well determine to challenge the above decision by reaching out in various directions in an attempt to have the decision reversed or cancelled. Inasmuch as we have spent considerable time (and cost to the City) in reviewing the various issues raised in these Complaints, we believe it appropriate in this case to set forth (in the alternative to our decision on the preliminary matters as set forth above) our views and decisions on the substantive issues enlisted in the complaint. These decisions are hereafter set forth in this Report: 5.1.2 – Re: “Petitions” This Complaint appears to be about a decision of Council as a whole. Such a Complaint is not permitted under the Municipal Act or Code as already discussed above. Even on an individual level, had these matters been filed as separate Complaints against each Councillor, we find that there are no grounds or insufficient grounds to conduct an inquiry. Ultimately, Council, as a body, has made a decision (or perhaps more accurately, collectively made no decision) to deal with the Complainant’s concerns about how his petitions appear on the Agenda. A Code of Conduct Complaint is not an appropriate avenue to address democratic decisions of Council / Councillors. We observe that the Members of Council were following the agenda as published by the Clerk. Ultimately, how an Agenda is processed is an administrative decision of the Clerk and Council. Administrative decisions of this nature are not reviewable by an Integrity Commissioner. Page 516 of 610 12 Furthermore, the Complainant has made reference to a variety of Code sections, some of which are unenforceable and/or inapplicable to the circumstances. There are, for example, numerous significant precedents which establish that Preamble sections are generally unenforceable. In a recent decision of Integrity Commissioner Deborah Anschell in the City of Welland, Mr. Maynard (who was the investigator assigned to the file) and Ms. Anschell wrote as follows: This office has previously found in other matters, consistent with the findings of other Integrity Commissioners in the Province of Ontario, that Preamble sections of Codes of Conduct do not create enforceable rules but are rather interpretive in nature. […] In Singh v. Sprovieri, 2018 ONMIC 20, the Integrity Commissioner for the City of Brampton was faced with a complaint which alleged, amongst other matters, a breach of similar principles in the preamble to that City’s Code of Conduct. He determined that the principles were not the proper subject matter of a complaint and stated: As a general matter, a statement of principle does not create an obligation. It merely states the principle(s) that may be used to interpret obligations created elsewhere in the law…I find that the ‘Key Principles” section provides interpretive direction only and it does not create rules or obligations on Council Members that can be the subject of a Complaint. Thus, even though the section declares, “The key principles that underline the rules in this Code of Conduct are as follows”, these are only statements of principle. Statements of principle are not enforceable rules. Indeed the language (in) the sentence indicates that the principles and the rules are different. In the Brampton case, it was further determined that the statements of principle in the preamble were too general and nonspecific to be enforceable as standalone rules of conduct. More recently, in Jacobs v. Gardhouse, 2021 ONMIC 1 (CanLII), the Integrity Commissioner for the Township of East Garafraxa came to the same conclusion. Page 517 of 610 13 This office has also concluded similarly, for example in Ip v. Bylsma, (Niagara Region, 2021), and [Anon] v. Moise (Toronto District School Board, 2023). We agree with these prior decisions and must conclude that the principles set out in the Preamble which “underline this Code” (per s. 1.3) only serve as a guide to assist in the interpretation of the operative provisions of the Code. They are not enforceable, and a Member of Council cannot accordingly be found to have violated one of these Preamble sections. We have also held in other matters that conduct of Members of Council occurring during meetings of Council is governed by the Procedural By-law which is the document that guides Council, as a self-governing body. For example, In Kadwell re: Vardy4, Town of Grimsby Integrity Commissioner (Mr. Maynard) held that an Integrity Commissioner does not have jurisdiction over the conduct of Members of Council occurring during meetings of Council, except in the case where the matter is referred to this Office by Council itself. Mr. Maynard cited numerous cases, including Moore v Maika5 in which Township of Madawaska Valley Integrity Commissioner, Mr. Guy Giorno, addressed the question of jurisdiction relative to a Code of Conduct complaint arising from the conduct of a Member during a Council meeting. Mr. Giorno wrote, in part: “65. In the City of Toronto, integrity commissioners have consistently taken the position that they do not have jurisdiction over the behaviour of Council Members during Council and committee meetings. Professor David Mullan, the first municipal integrity commissioner ever appointed in Canada, noted that the Municipal Act requires that each municipality pass a procedure by-law and that the procedure by-law provides a clear mechanism for enforcing decorum and orderly conduct during meetings. Integrity Commissioner Mullan concluded: “In general, the Integrity Commissioner does not have authority under the Code of Conduct to review complaints about the 4 Kadwell re: Vardy (IC-12378-0121) – https://tinyurl.com/fk4ybujb at p.14 5 Moore v Maika, 2018 ONMIC 7 (CanLII ) – https://tinyurl.com/54kd5vxz Page 518 of 610 14 behaviour of Councillors at Council and Committee meetings. The behaviour of Councillors at Council, while regulated by the Code of Conduct, is the responsibility of Council (acting primarily through the Mayor or his deputy). Absent a resolution of Council requesting the Integrity Commissioner to become involved, this self-policing is part of the statutory rights and privileges of Council.” Though this part of the Complainant’s submissions does not deal with an issue of decorum as such, we find the general principle of self-governance vested in municipal councils is applicable here. In short, we do not find it an appropriate use of our Office to conduct an inquiry into a decision (or non-decision) of democratically elected Members of Council, either individually or collectively, absent a clear direction from Council itself that such be reviewed under its Code. There are avenues to review decisions of Council (e.g., Ontario Ombudsman or the Courts). Neither the Office of the Integrity Commissioner nor the Law Society of Ontario are included as additional forums of review. Lastly, on a substantive basis, even if we had jurisdiction to consider this matter, we do not believe there are sufficient grounds to conduct an inquiry. Simply put, the issue of whether something is properly or improperly represented on a Council Agenda is a matter of interpretation. This is primarily a Complaint about the Clerk and his interpretation of how something should be represented on the Agenda – the element involving Council is merely that they did not move to act on the Complainant’s alternative interpretation. These are ephemeral grounds for an inquiry, and highly unlikely to result in a Code finding against any Member. For all of these reasons, this matter is dismissed. 5.1.3 – Re: “Anger Management” As with the other matters, this was filed in a package of complaints, despite it being a totally separate matter which is completely unrelated to the others. It was improperly filed and is accordingly dismissed. In addition, and/or in the alternative, we find that we do not have jurisdiction to consider this matter on the basis that it involves conduct by a Member of Council occurring during a Council meeting. We rely on our already stated position about Page 519 of 610 15 such matters (supra commencing at p.14) and decline to open an inquiry on these grounds. In further addition, and/or in the further alternative, we find that there are no grounds or insufficient grounds to conduct an investigation even if we had jurisdiction to do so (which we do not). The substance of this matter involves the conduct of Mayor Diodati during the meeting of June 20, 2023. After reviewing the recorded meeting of Council, it is our view that, as Chair of the meeting, Mayor Diodati was presented with a challenging situation involving indecorous conduct by a member of the public gallery who was interrupting Council proceedings. The Mayor was clearly attempting to maintain order while an individual in the gallery shouted a profanity-laced tirade at Members of Council, in full view of the public, and live via a web stream. We strongly disagree with the Complainant's characterization of events and find no reason to conduct an inquiry into the Mayor’s actions. For all of these reasons, this matter is dismissed. 5.1.4 – Re: “Collusion” This matter is dismissed on the collective grounds that it was improperly filed. It is about multiple members and is part of an omnibus complaint which cannot be processed for reasons already stated. In addition, and/or in the alternative, even if the matter could be processed, it is about conduct occurring during a Council meeting. It is also about a decision of Council as a whole. For reasons already stated it is accordingly not reviewable by the Integrity Commissioner. In further addition, and/or in the further alternative, the matter concerns an alleged “collusion” between Members of Council. This is frankly impossible to prove, and in any event, Members reaching a consensus on how to deal with a matter in an open public session is not an example of “collusion” simply because the Complainant (or anyone else) disagrees with the outcome. Democratically elected Councillors are permitted to talk to each other about City business. They are permitted to agree or disagree with one another. They are permitted to engage in politics and to strategize about how to deal with public business. The Integrity Commissioner exercises no domain over political decisions of Council. Page 520 of 610 16 In any event, no evidence of collusion or improper conduct has been advanced by the Complainant. He has simply stated his personal feelings about the matter. This is no basis on which to launch an inquiry through the IC’s Office. We accordingly decline to do so. For all of these reasons, this matter is dismissed. 5.1.5 – Re: “Fallsview” This is again a totally separate Complaint which has been improperly filed. It is dismissed on that basis. In addition, and/or in the alternative, even if it were filed correctly (which it was not) we doubt that this claim would have any chance of success. We find that there are no grounds or insufficient grounds to conduct an inquiry. This matter concerns Councillor Thomson and whether he breached the Code by failing to inform / extend a personal invitation to the Complainant to attend meetings of the Fallsview BIA. The Complainant filed multiple pieces of correspondence in which he requested to be notified of BIA meetings. What he did not file, and which appears not to exist, is any rule or policy that would require Councillor Thomson to notify and/or personally invite the Complainant. There may be a requirement (though we are not aware of one) for the Fallsview BIA, as a body constituted as a Local Board of the City, to provide public notice of its public meetings. If there is such a requirement, and if it is not being met, then there is likely another process by which this issue can be appropriately addressed. That process does not include a Complaint to the Integrity Commissioner, who has no jurisdiction over the broad administrative affairs of the BIA. We further find that Councillor Thomson, whatever his role on the BIA, is not personally responsible for ensuring Mr. Burdett is individually aware of the BIA meeting schedule. At the very most, this would be an institutional responsibility, and we do not believe even then that such personal service is warranted or appropriate. For all of these reasons, this matter is also dismissed. 5.2 – Frivolous, Vexatious, and Bad Faith Complaint In addition to the above-stated findings, we further find that this Complaint (or multitude of Complaints) are frivolous, vexatious, and made in bad faith. Page 521 of 610 17 First, as already stated, the Complainant was well aware that the filing of an omnibus complaint of this nature is inappropriate and unacceptable. He proceeded to do so anyway. Then, when he challenged the Integrity Commissioner on whether he would be required to pay a fee for each individual Complaint, and before the Integrity Commissioner could fully determine that question, the Complainant began to harangue our Office with emails and, eventually, with messages (given broad circulation to, inter alia, Council and the media) about a baseless complaint to the Law Society against us and a demand that we recuse ourselves from this case. Second, the Complainant has seen fit to elevate himself to a non-existent position of false authority as “The Official Opposition Party to the City of Niagara Falls Council” – a position that does not exist under the Municipal Act. He latterly rebranded himself as “The Niagara Falls Shadow Council”. These titles have appeared on letterhead on correspondence issued by the Complainant to the City / Council as well as to the Integrity Commissioner. Whatever self-proclaimed political title the Complainant wishes to give himself, the reality is that neither an Official Opposition nor a Shadow Council are entities that exist under the Municipal Act. They are purely political entities invented by the Complainant for political reasons. He may view it as his job or duty as a citizen and resident of Niagara Falls to challenge Council and to hold its Members to account. He is free to engage in such political activities. What he is not free to do is to attempt to use the Office of the Integrity Commissioner to further his own political ends. It is also our view that this Complaint was, in all the circumstances, frivolous and vexatious within the definition of such terms in the Code which provides, in section 2.1, as follows: (n) “Frivolous” means something that is not worthy of serious consideration, or that is of little or no importance, due to its lack of seriousness or sense; (x) “vexatious” includes something that is instituted without sufficient grounds and serving to cause annoyance, frustration or worry. The instant Complaints filed by the Complainant are significantly lacking in genuine substance. The voluminous submissions cover a wide array of issues, Page 522 of 610 18 many of which are based solely on his personal opinion and little or nothing else. The Complaints certainly provide scant evidence of genuine wrongoing under the Code of Conduct. In fact, they give the appearance of someone throwing as much mud at the wall as he can in order to see what sticks and, in our view, it would indeed cause annoyance, frustration, and worry to the targets of his complaints. It cannot be countenanced. In addition, the conduct involved in filing such miscellany in the manner in which he did (including being contrary to prior instructions agreed to by him) constitutes bad faith. This Complaint is also accordingly dismissed on this basis. 5.3 – Code Grounds As indicated, we have dismissed all of these matters on a multitude of grounds. The Integrity Commissioner’s authority to do so is set forth in several key sections of the Code of Conduct. Those sections are as follows: 17.1(e) In the event that the Integrity Commissioner determines that a complaint contains insufficient grounds to support an investigation, the Integrity Commissioner may reach out to the complainant to clarify or obtain additional information before deciding how to proceed. If the Integrity Commissioner determines that a complaint still contains insufficient grounds to support an investigation, or is frivolous / vexatious, the Integrity Commission, using his or her discretion, may determine that the complainant forfeit the filing fee. Otherwise, 50% of the fee shall be refunded. 17.2 The Integrity Commissioner shall undertake an initial review of a complaint that has been filed and shall determine whether the matter relates to non-compliance with the Code or other corporate policy applying to Members. The Integrity Commissioner shall have no power or jurisdiction to investigate or otherwise deal with the complaint, if the complaint is not alleging a contravention of the Code or other corporate policy applying to Members […] Page 523 of 610 19 17.3 If the Integrity Commissioner determines they do not have jurisdiction as described in Section 17.2 the Integrity Commissioner shall advise the complainant in writing accordingly. 17.4 The Integrity Commissioner may dispose of a complaint on the basis that it is not within the jurisdiction of the Integrity Commissioner in a summary manner and may report same to Council or the local board. The Integrity Commissioner may also seek further information or clarification from the complainant and shall endeavor to apprise the complainant of subsequent steps and the processing of the complaint and any ensuing investigation. 17.5 If the Integrity Commissioner is of the opinion that a complaint is frivolous or vexatious or is not made in good faith, or that there are no grounds or insufficient grounds for conducting an investigation, the Integrity Commissioner may choose not to investigate or, if already commenced, may terminate any investigation, or may dispose of the complaint in a summary manner. The Integrity Commissioner shall advise the complainant in writing of his or her decision and reasons for not undertaking an investigation or terminating it. 5.0 Dismissal of Complaint 5.1 – Dismissal For the above reasons, it has been determined to dismiss these matters on numerous grounds, as set out above, respectively. 6.0 Endorsement and Issuance of Report by the Integrity Commissioner 6.1 – Endorsement and Adoption of Report by the Integrity Commissioner As the Integrity Commissioner for Niagara Falls, I confirm that I have fully reviewed the process of the investigation conducted by my delegated investigator, Mr. Maynard, as detailed in this Report and have approved it. He and I have jointly prepared this Report, including its findings and conclusions, with which Page 524 of 610 20 we both agree, and I hereby issue it to the Complainant and to Niagara Falls City Council in conclusion of this matter. We now consider this matter to be concluded. Yours truly, _________________________ Edward T. McDermott Integrity Commissioner, City of Niagara Falls _________________________ Michael L. Maynard Investigator Page 525 of 610 1 The Niagara Falls Shadow Council A registered Independent Social Counseling organization "Holding Governments Accountable" Lady Justice Do not redact the contents of this document This document can be freely distributed Comments #09-12-2023-01 Tuesday September 12, 2023 Comment for the 09/12/2023 Council Meeting Agenda City of Niagara Falls Affordable Housing updated Report Council, Every day, Council Members (as of the beginning of your term, November 15, 2022) Every day that brings us closer to October 26, 2026 (the end of your term in office), Every day that no affordable housing is created by this Council is one more failure, 300 days Council Members, 300 failures ... Page 526 of 610 2 Joedy Burdett President of the Niagara Falls Shadow Council Former 2022 Candidate for The Niagara Falls City Council election. Ontario Independent Designer (BCIN 38837) Building Services, Plumbing-All Buildings, Small Buildings Owner Niagara Tinting 4480 Bridge Street, Niagara Falls, Ontario, L2E 2R7 (905) 353 8468 Niagara Falls Shadow Council.ca (TNFSC.ca) The Niagara Falls Shadow Council is a registered Independent Social Counseling organization (BIN 1000515774). The Niagara Falls Shadow Council is not associated with The City of Niagara Falls. Altering or redacting this document will be viewed as a violation of Section 2(b) of The Canadian Charter of Rights. Page 527 of 610 1 The Niagara Falls Shadow Council A registered Independent Social Counseling organization "Holding Governments Accountable" Lady Justice Do not redact the contents of this document This document can be freely distributed Comments #09-12-2023-05 Tuesday September 12, 2023 Comments for the 09 12 2023 Council Meeting Agenda Item 8.1 MW-2023-27 (Appendix updated and included as attachment) Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan Council, [1] It is recommended to motion and approve the Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan (Adaptation Plan). [2] Directs staff to proceed with the implementation plan initiatives as outlined in the report. [3] Direct staff seek funding support through applicable federal and provincial opportunities as they arise, including the Natural Resources Canada Climate Change Adaptation Program, to create a Climate Change Coordinator contract position to lead the implementation of the Adaptation Plan and climate change-related initiatives. Page 528 of 610 2 Joedy Burdett President of the Niagara Falls Shadow Council Former 2022 Candidate for The Niagara Falls City Council election. Ontario Independent Designer (BCIN 38837) Building Services, Plumbing-All Buildings, Small Buildings Owner Niagara Tinting 4480 Bridge Street, Niagara Falls, Ontario, L2E 2R7 (905) 353 8468 Niagara Falls Shadow Council.ca (TNFSC.ca) The Niagara Falls Shadow Council is a registered Independent Social Counseling organization (BIN 1000515774). The Niagara Falls Shadow Council is not associated with The City of Niagara Falls. Altering or redacting this document will be viewed as a violation of Section 2(b) of The Canadian Charter of Rights. Page 529 of 610 1 The Niagara Falls Shadow Council A registered Independent Social Counseling organization "Holding Governments Accountable" Lady Justice Do not redact the contents of this document This document can be freely distributed Comments #09-12-2023-05 Tuesday September 12, 2023 Comments for the 09 12 2023 Council Meeting Agenda Item 8.2 PBD-2023-54 Community Improvement Plan Incentive Programs Review Initiation Report Council, [1] It is recommended to receive the report regarding the initiation of a review of the Incentive Programs for the City’s Community Improvement Plans. [2] Authorize staff to consult key stakeholders through the incentives review process. [3] Direct Staff to delegate the approval authority for simple grant CIP applications to Staff as discussed in the report. Page 530 of 610 2 Joedy Burdett President of the Niagara Falls Shadow Council Former 2022 Candidate for The Niagara Falls City Council election. Ontario Independent Designer (BCIN 38837) Building Services, Plumbing-All Buildings, Small Buildings Owner Niagara Tinting 4480 Bridge Street, Niagara Falls, Ontario, L2E 2R7 (905) 353 8468 Niagara Falls Shadow Council.ca (TNFSC.ca) The Niagara Falls Shadow Council is a registered Independent Social Counseling organization (BIN 1000515774). The Niagara Falls Shadow Council is not associated with The City of Niagara Falls. Altering or redacting this document will be viewed as a violation of Section 2(b) of The Canadian Charter of Rights. Page 531 of 610 1 The Niagara Falls Shadow Council A registered Independent Social Counseling organization "Holding Governments Accountable" Lady Justice Do not redact the contents of this document This document can be freely distributed Comments #09-12-2023-02 Tuesday September 12, 2023 Comment for the 09/12/2023 Council Meeting Agenda Mayor Diodati and Councilor Strange comments concerning 15,000 students updated Report Council, [1] During the December 13, 2022 meeting, Mayor Diodati and Councilor Strange collectively stated that 15,000 students and faculty were going to be living and working in the downtown. [2] It is important that this council, as respected officials and representatives of the City of Niagara Falls, refrain from making speculative statements that may mislead residents. [3] As only time can verify if these statements were true or false, a report will be made to council at each meeting to update the progress of the claim. [4] It has been 272 days since Mayor Diodati and Councilor Strange claimed 15,000 students and faculty were going to be living and working in the downtown. [5] The claim remains false. [6] The current occupancy, as researched, is 0. Page 532 of 610 2 Page 533 of 610 3 Joedy Burdett President of the Niagara Falls Shadow Council Former 2022 Candidate for The Niagara Falls City Council election. Ontario Independent Designer (BCIN 38837) Building Services, Plumbing-All Buildings, Small Buildings Owner Niagara Tinting 4480 Bridge Street, Niagara Falls, Ontario, L2E 2R7 (905) 353 8468 Niagara Falls Shadow Council.ca (TNFSC.ca) The Niagara Falls Shadow Council is a registered Independent Social Counseling organization (BIN 1000515774). The Niagara Falls Shadow Council is not associated with The City of Niagara Falls. Altering or redacting this document will be viewed as a violation of Section 2(b) of The Canadian Charter of Rights. Page 534 of 610 1 The Niagara Falls Shadow Council A registered Independent Social Counseling organization "Holding Governments Accountable" Lady Justice Do not redact the contents of this document This document can be freely distributed Comments #09-12-2023-03 Tuesday September 12, 2023 Comment for the 09/12/2023 Council Meeting Agenda Mayor Diodati comments concerning Development Downtown updated Report Council, [1] On December 31, 2021, a Niagara Falls Review news article was published, with Mayor Jim Diodati stating: [2] "You’re going to start to see high-rises, residential apartments, and condos being built in our downtown." "You're going to start to see cranes in downtown." [3] "That’s what’s missing downtown." "You need people to live there, then you’ll need a grocery store for people to buy their food there." [4] It is important that the mayor chooses his words carefully. As a respected official and representative of the City of Niagara Falls, making speculative statements may mislead. [5] As only time can verify if these statements were true or false, a report will be made to council at each meeting to update the progress of the claim. [6] It has been 619 days since Mayor Diodati made that claim, and it remains false. [7] There are currently no high-rises, residential apartments, condos, cranes, or grocery stores being built in our downtown. [8] News article link [9] (https://www.niagarafallsreview.ca/news/council/2021/12/31/announcement-for- falls-downtown-university-could-come-this-spring-diodati.html) Page 535 of 610 2 Page 536 of 610 3 Joedy Burdett President of the Niagara Falls Shadow Council Former 2022 Candidate for The Niagara Falls City Council election. Ontario Independent Designer (BCIN 38837) Building Services, Plumbing-All Buildings, Small Buildings Owner Niagara Tinting 4480 Bridge Street, Niagara Falls, Ontario, L2E 2R7 (905) 353 8468 Niagara Falls Shadow Council.ca (TNFSC.ca) The Niagara Falls Shadow Council is a registered Independent Social Counseling organization (BIN 1000515774). The Niagara Falls Shadow Council is not associated with The City of Niagara Falls. Altering or redacting this document will be viewed as a violation of Section 2(b) of The Canadian Charter of Rights. Page 537 of 610 APPLICATION FOR EXEMPTION NOISE CONTROL BYLAW Consolidated Bylaw: 2004-105 as amended by 2005-72, 2007-28 and 2014-155 Applicant: Niagara Falls Curling Club Inc 5801 Morrison St., Niagara Falls, ON L2E 2E8 Ph:905-358-648 manager@niagaracurling.com Noise Source: Event/Entertainment Tent Location : Gale Centre Arena Parking Lot 5152 Thorold Stone Rd, Niagara Falls, ON L2E 0A2 Ph: 905-356-7521 Ext. 5601 Please See Figure 1 Event Description/Noise Source : The Event/Entertainment Tent will host live entertainment in support of the international curling event (Grand Slam Of Curling) that is being hosted inside the Gale Centre Arena From October 17-22, 2023. Duration of Exemption Required: 3 Days - October 19, 20, 21 2023 Time of Exemption Required: Daily 11:00am – 12:30am Page 538 of 610 Specific Exemptions Sought: (from: SCHEDULE 3 TIME AND ACTIVITY PROHIBITIONS) Type of Act Prohibited Period of Time 10. The use of any electronic device or group of connected electronic devices incorporating one or more loudspeakers or other electro- mechanical transducers and intended for the production, reproduction or amplification of sound. Between 9:00 p.m. one day to 7:00 a.m. the next day, 9:00 a.m. on Saturdays, Sundays and statutory holidays 11. The playing of music. Between 9:00 p.m. one day to 7:00 a.m. the next day, 9:00 a.m. on Saturdays, Sundays and statutory holidays Figure 1 Event Links: Grand Slam of Curling - https://thegrandslamofcurling.com Niagara Falls Curling Club - https://niagaracurling.com Event Tent Location Gale Centre Arena Page 539 of 610 The City of Niagara Falls, Ontario Resolution No.12 September 12, 2023 Moved by: Seconded by: WHEREAS subsection 34(13) of the Planning Act, 1990 R.S.O requires written notice of the public meeting to be given to prescribed persons and public bodies, in the prescribed manner, and accompanied by the prescribed information; and WHEREAS notice was given to the prescribed persons and public bodies, in the prescribed manner on May 19th, 2023, for Council to hold a public meeting to consider an Official Plan and Zoning By-law application by 2683421 Ontario Limited for lands known as 7449 Montrose Road, legally known as Part of Part 1 and Part 2 59R-13666; and WHEREAS since that time it was identified the exterior side yard depth to Montrose Road is 10.9 metres, with a 1.5 metre projection of balconies and canopies as shown on the site plan presented to Council at the June 20th meeting, but was not requested as part of the application; and WHEREAS no changes are requested to the proposed by-law other than reducing the exterior side yard depth to Montrose Road to 10.9 metres and allowing for a 1.5 metre projection of balconies and canopies into the required exterior side yard depth from Montrose Road for the proposed site specific R5F zone; and WHEREAS Council held a public meeting on June 20, 2023 to consider a Zoning By-law amendment application by 2683421 Ontario Ltd. – Gabe Cicconi (“the applicant”) for lands known as 7449 Montrose Road (“applicant’s other lands”); and WHEREAS notwithstanding the requirement for the written notice of a public meeting, subsection 34(17) of the Planning Act, 1990 R.S.O allows a municipality to deem such requested changes minor and determine that no further notice is required to be given and by passing a resolution; and WHEREAS the applicant requests Council consider passing a resolution that would deem the giving of further notice is final and that no further notice is required to be given; and WHEREAS Council determined that the proposed change to the by-law to include the amended exterior side yard depth to Montrose Road and the projection of balconies and Page 540 of 610 canopies into the exterior side yard from Montrose Road for the proposed site specific R5F zone is minor and does not require further notice to be given. THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that subject to subsection 34(17) of the Planning Act, 1990 R.S.O Council deems the change in the zoning by-law minor and exempts the requirement for further written notice. AND The Seal of the Corporation be hereto affixed. ........................................................... ............................................................. WILLIAM G. MATSON, CITY CLERK JAMES M. DIODATI, MAYOR Page 541 of 610 In accordance with the notice and submission deadline requirements of Sections 17.1 of the City of Niagara Falls Procedural By-law, the City Clerk received from Councillor Patel a motion to be brought forward for consideration at the September 12, 2023, Council meeting, respecting amendments to By-law No. 2017-101 – Fireworks By-law. 1. That staff BE DIRECTED to amend By-law No. 2017-101 – Fireworks By-law; to include Diwali and Chinese Lunar New Year. 2. That staff INCLUDE amendments to sections 5.4 and 6.1, 3. AND THAT staff REVIEW similar by-laws from other municipalities. Page 542 of 610 1 Michael Stewart To:Margaret Corbett Subject:RE: Hello Margaret, As per our conversation yesterday, I would like to have amendments added to the By-law No. 2017- 101, Section 5.4 and 6.1 to be exact. I would like to add a period of Diwali in there. Diwali usually falls on different date in either October or November every year due to Lunisolar Calendar system. https://niagarafalls.ca/pdf/by-laws/fireworks_by-law.pdf I would like to make amendments to following part of the By-law No. 2017-101, Sale of Consumer fireworks 5.4 - Sale of consumer fireworks are permitted from May 1st to July 6th. I would like to have the week of Diwali added to that. Discharge of Consumer Fireworks I would like to have following amendments added to this section. 6.1 - No person shall Discharge Consumer Fireworks except on: 6.1.7. The Day of Diwali: 6.1.8. Three(3) days immediately preceding Diwali Day: 6.1.9. One day immediately following Diwali Day: 6.2.0. As Permitted by the Fire Chief. For Diwali, the lighting of fireworks is interpreted to ward off all evil spirits as well as add to festive mood. The Diwali night’s lights and fireworks is linked to the tradition of paying respect to ancestors and symbolic farewell to the departed ancestral souls. Please let me know if you need anything more. Mona Best regards, Mona Patel Niagara Falls City Councillor Get Outlook for iOS Page 543 of 610 CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS By-law No. 2017- 101 A by-law to regulate the sale and setting off of fireworks and pyrotechnic special effects within the City of Niagara Falls. WHEREAS Section 121 of the Municipal Act, S.O. 2001, c. 25, as amended, authorizes a municipality to pass by-laws to prohibit and regulate the sale of fireworks and the setting off of fireworks, including requirements that a permit be obtained from the municipality for the sale or setting off of such fireworks, and imposing conditions on such permits; AND WHEREAS Section 120 of the Municipal Act, S.O. 2001, c. 25, as amended, authorizes a municipality to pass by-laws to prohibit and regulate the storage, keeping and transportation of, explosives and other dangerous materials, including requirements that a permit be obtained from the municipality for the storage of explosives and imposing conditions on such permits; AND WHEREAS Section 7.1 of the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 4, as amended, provides that the council of a municipality may pass by-laws regulating fire prevention, including the spreading of fires; AND WHEREAS the Council of the City of Niagara Falls deems it expedient and necessary for the safety and well-being of the community to prohibit and regulate the sale and use of fireworks and pyrotechnic special effects within the City of Niagara Falls; THE COUNCIL OF THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS ENACTS AS FOLLOWS: Definitions 1. In this by-law: 1.1 “Act” means the Explosives Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. E-17, and the Regulations enacted thereunder, as amended from time to time, or any Act and Regulations enacted in substitution therefor; 1.2 “City” or “City of Niagara Falls” means the municipal Corporation of the City of Niagara Falls or the geographic area of the City of Niagara Falls as the context requires; 1.3 “Consumer Firework” means an outdoor, low hazard, recreational firework that is classed as an F.1 Consumer Fireworks under the Act and includes fireworks showers, fountains, golden rain, lawn lights, pin wheels, roman candles, volcanoes, and sparklers, but does not include Christmas crackers and caps for toy guns containing not in excess of 25 one-hundredths of a grain of explosive used per cap; Page 544 of 610 2 1.4 “Discharge” means to fire, ignite, explode or set off, or cause to be fired, ignited, exploded or set off, and the words "Discharged" and "Discharging" have a similar meaning; 1.5 “Display Firework” means an outdoor, high hazard, recreational firework that is classed as an F.2 Display Fireworks under the Act, and includes rockets, serpents, shells, bombshells, tourbillions, maroons, large wheels, bouquets, bombardos, waterfalls, fountains, batteries, illumination, set pieces and pigeons, but does not include firecrackers; 1.6 “Display Supervisor” means a person who is qualified under the Act to supervise the Discharge of Display Fireworks; 1.7 “Fire Ban” means a prohibition on all burning, including the Discharge of fireworks, issued by the Fire Department of The Corporation of the City of Niagara Falls; 1.8 “Fire Chief” means a Fire Chief appointed under Subsection 6(1) of the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 4, as amended, for The Corporation of the City of Niagara Falls, or designate; 1.9 “Firecracker” means a pyrotechnic device that explodes when ignited and does not make any subsequent display or visible effect after the explosion, and includes those devices commonly known as Chinese firecrackers, but does not include paper caps containing not more than 25 one-hundredths of a grain of explosive on average per cap, or devices for use with such caps, safety flares, marine rockets, and other distress signals; 1.10 “Fireworks” means Display Fireworks, Pyrotechnic Special Effects Fireworks, and Consumer Fireworks; 1.11 “Fireworks Display” means an exhibition of fireworks in an outdoor assembly or open air occupancy to which the public is invited, attends, may attend, or is admitted with or without a fee being charged and includes private functions such as weddings, or other celebrations; 1.12 “Flying Lantern” means a small hot air balloon or similar device made of treated paper or any other material, with an opening at the bottom, which is propelled by an open flame generated by a small candle or fuel cell, allowing the balloon or similar device to rise and float in the air; 1.13 “FPPA” means the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 4, as amended, and the regulations enacted thereunder, as amended from time to time, or any Act and Regulations enacted in substitution therefor; 1.14 “Permit” means a Consumer Fireworks Sales Permit and/or a Public Fireworks Display Permit issued by the Fire Chief of the Niagara Falls Fire Department; Page 545 of 610 3 1.15 “Prohibited Firework” includes, but is not limited to, cigarette loads or plugs, exploding matches, sparkling matches, ammunition for miniature tie clip, cufflink or key chain pistols, auto alarms or jokers, cherry bombs, M-80 and silver salutes and flashcrackers, throw down torpedoes and cracker balls, exploding golf balls, stink bombs and smoke bombs, tear gas pens and launchers, party peppers and table bombs, table rockets and bottle rockets, fake firecrackers, champagne party poppers, snap caps, sprite bombs, and other trick devices or practical jokes as included on the most recent list of Prohibited Fireworks as published from time to time under the Act; 1.16 “Pyrotechnician” means a person who is certified under the Act as a Theatrical User, an Assistant, a Pyrotechnician or a Special Effects Pyrotechnician and is qualified to purchase and supervise the display of Pyrotechnic Special Effect Fireworks under the Act; 1.17 “Pyrotechnic Special Effect Firework” means a high hazard firework that is classed as an F.3 Special Effect Pyrotechnics under the Act and that is used to produce a special pyrotechnic effect for indoor or outdoor performances and includes black powder bombs, bullet effect, flash powder, air bursts, smoke compositions, gerbs, lances and wheels; 1.18 “Sell” includes offer for sale, cause or permit to be sold and to possess for the purpose of sale, and the words "selling" and "sold" have a similar meaning; and 1.19 “Tent” means a portable shelter/structure made of cloth or other pliable material, supported by one or more poles which can be stretched tight by cords or loops, attached to pegs, driven into the ground or other measures sufficient to secure them. Delegation of Authority 2. The Municipal Council of the City of Niagara Falls hereby delegates the authority to the Fire Chief to issue and revoke a Fireworks Permit as set out herein. Sale of Prohibited Fireworks and Firecrackers 3. The following are the regulations governing the sale of Prohibited Fireworks and Firecrackers: 3.1 No person shall Sell Firecrackers. 3.2 No person shall Sell Prohibited Fireworks. Discharge of Prohibited Fireworks and Firecrackers 4. The following are the regulations governing the Discharge of Prohibited Fireworks and Firecrackers: Page 546 of 610 4 4.1 No person shall Discharge Firecrackers. 4.2 No person shall Discharge Prohibited Fireworks. 4.3 No person shall Discharge a Flying Lantern. Sale of Consumer Fireworks 5. The following are the regulations governing the sale of Consumer Fireworks: 5.1 No person shall Sell Consumer Fireworks unless a Consumer Fireworks Sales Permit has been obtained from the Fire Chief in accordance with this by-law. 5.2 A person applying for a Consumer Fireworks Sales Permit shall pay the prescribed application fee pursuant to the Schedule of Fees By-law of the City. 5.3 Persons wishing to Sell Consumer Fireworks, at a location or on property that is not owned by the seller, shall obtain written consent from the property owner prior to the issuance of a Consumer Fireworks Sales Permit. Written consent shall be submitted to the Fire Chief with the Consumer Fireworks Sales Permit application. 5.4 No person shall Sell Consumer Fireworks except during the annual period commencing on May 1st and ending on July 6th, or on such other dates as authorized by the Fire Chief. 5.5 A Consumer Fireworks Sales Permit shall be valid only for the permitted dates, specified in Section 5.4, for the calendar year. 5.6 A Consumer Fireworks Sales Permit is valid only for the sale location specified in that Permit. 5.7 No person shall Sell Consumer Fireworks from a motor vehicle, uncovered trailer, or residential dwelling. 5.8 No person shall Sell Consumer Fireworks to persons under the age of 18. 5.9 A person shall only Sell Fireworks that are included on the most recent List of Authorized Explosives as published by the Explosives Branch of Natural Resources Canada or its successor. 5.10 No person shall transport Consumer Fireworks except as permitted under the Act. 5.11 No person shall exhibit or display Consumer Fireworks unless: Page 547 of 610 5 5.11.1 the Fireworks are separated into individual lots that do not exceed 25 kilograms in gross weight; and 5.11.2 such separation between lots is sufficient to prevent fire from spreading rapidly from one lot to the next by a fire break which may consist of: 5.11.2(1) maintaining a minimum aisle width of 1.2 metres between lots; 5.11.2(2) 6 mm plywood partition that extends 15 cm above the height of the lot or display shelf above; or 5.11.2(3) any other method approved by the Fire Chief. 5.12 No person shall store Consumer Fireworks in areas that are not designated and approved. 5.13 No person shall display Consumer Fireworks that are not in consumer packs unless: 5.13.1 the Fireworks are inaccessible to the public; and 5.13.2 the Fireworks are displayed in a glass or plexiglass case, or other approved means. 5.14 No person, other than the seller, shall handle Fireworks that are not in consumer packs, until after the time of purchase. 5.15 No person shall exhibit or display Consumer Fireworks that are exposed to direct sunlight, open flame, excess heat, or within close proximity of accelerants or other sources of ignition. 5.16 No person shall smoke within eight (8) metres of any Consumer Fireworks. 5.17 No person shall Sell, or offer for sale, Consumer Fireworks in a location where prominent no smoking signs are not on display. 5.18 No person shall Sell or display Consumer Fireworks inside a building, Tent, trailer, or other enclosed location, unless there are a minimum of two (2) unobstructed, clearly identified exits to ensure that occupants can quickly evacuate in the event of a fire or emergency. 5.19 Tents used to Sell or display Consumer Fireworks shall conform to CAN/ULC S-109, “Standard Method for Flame Tests of Flame Resistant Fabrics and Film” Page 548 of 610 6 5.20 Each location, where Consumer Fireworks are offered for sale, shall have at least two (2) portable fire extinguishers having a minimum rating of 3A:10BC. 5.21 No person shall Sell or offer for sale Consumer Fireworks unless established procedures are in place and approved as per the Ontario Fire Code. Procedures shall be submitted to the Fire Chief and include the following: 5.21.1 the location and identification of storage and handling areas; 5.21.2 the methods to control a fire emergency safely and efficiently; 5.21.3 the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of persons to be contacted in case of fire during non-operating hours; and 5.21.4 any other information deemed necessary by the Fire Chief. 5.22 The seller of Consumer Fireworks must offer the buyer either a copy of the table that describes safety instructions for using Consumer Fireworks, which is found at the end of Part 16 in the Explosives Regulations, 2013, or a document that includes the same information. See Schedule “A”, forming part of this by-law, attached hereto. 5.23 No person shall offer for sale, display for sale, or Sell Consumer Fireworks in a manner that contravenes the sale of Consumer Fireworks regulations. Discharge of Consumer Fireworks 6. The following are the regulations governing the Discharge of Consumer Fireworks: 6.1 No person shall Discharge Consumer Fireworks except on: 6.1.1 Victoria Day; 6.1.2 the day immediately preceding Victoria Day; 6.1.3 three (3) days immediately following Victoria Day; 6.1.4 Canada Day; 6.1.5 the day immediately preceding Canada Day; 6.1.6 three (3) days immediately following Canada Day; or 6.1.7 as permitted by the Fire Chief. 6.2 No person shall Discharge Consumer Fireworks on the days specified in Section 6(1), except between 6:00 pm and 11:00 pm. Page 549 of 610 7 6.3 No person under the age of eighteen (18) years shall Discharge any Consumer Fireworks except under the direct supervision and control of a competent person twenty-one (21) years of age or over. 6.4 No parent or guardian of any person under the age of eighteen (18) years shall give, trade, or otherwise offer Consumer Fireworks, nor permit the person to Discharge any Consumer Fireworks, except when such parent or guardian or some other competent person of twenty-one (21) years of age or over, is in direct supervision and control of the Discharge. 6.5 No person shall Discharge Consumer Fireworks on a property, or at a location, without the knowledge and permission of the property owner. 6.6 No person shall Discharge Consumer Fireworks as to endanger, injure, harass, frighten, or constitute a nuisance, to any person or animal. 6.7 No person shall Discharge Consumer Fireworks in such a manner as to create a danger or fire hazard to any property. 6.8 No person shall Discharge Consumer Fireworks from, onto, or over any building, doorway, or motor vehicle. 6.9 No person shall Discharge Consumer Fireworks from, onto, or over any highway, street, laneway, sidewalk, park, or other public place. 6.10 No person shall Discharge Consumer Fireworks over any aerodrome, airstrip, helipad, railway, fuel dispensing station, fuel transfer/pumping station, fuel storage facility, or navigable waterway. 6.11 No person shall Discharge Consumer Fireworks under, or over, any utility lines or wires (hydro, telephone, cable). 6.12 No person shall Discharge Consumer Fireworks at, or near, any flammable or combustible liquids or gases. 6.13 No person shall permit Discharged Consumer Fireworks, casings, or other debris, to enter onto neighbouring properties, highways, streets, laneways, sidewalks, parks, or other public places. 6.14 No person shall Discharge any Consumer Fireworks when the wind speed is in excess of twenty (20) kilometres per hour, as indicated by the Weather Network Niagara Falls. (https://www.theweathernetwork.com/ca/weather/ontario/niagara-falls). 6.15 No person shall Discharge Consumer Fireworks unless a suitable means of extinguishment is readily available. Page 550 of 610 8 6.16 Every person shall ensure that Discharged Consumer Fireworks, casings, or other debris, are completely extinguished so as not to create a fire hazard. 6.17 No person shall Discharge Consumer Fireworks during a Fire Ban authorized by the Fire Chief. 6.18 No person or group of persons shall hold a Fireworks Display of Consumer Fireworks in the City of Niagara Falls, without first having obtained a Public Fireworks Display Permit issued by the Fire Chief. Storage of Fireworks 7. The following are the regulations governing the storage of Fireworks: 7.1 Storage of Fireworks shall be in accordance with the Act. Permits 8. The following are the regulations governing Permits: 8.1 No person or group of persons shall hold a Fireworks display of Consumer Fireworks, Display Fireworks, or Discharge any Pyrotechnic Special Effect Firework, in the City of Niagara Falls, without first having obtained a Public Fireworks Display Permit issued by the Fire Chief 8.2 Every application for a Public Fireworks Display Permit shall be made to the Fire Chief a minimum of 30 days prior to the event when the proposed Discharge of Fireworks is to occur. 8.3 Every application for a Permit shall include: 8.3.1 a description of the event, including: 8.3.1(1) the date and time of the proposed Discharge of Fireworks; 8.3.1(2) the type, kind and quantity of Fireworks that may be Discharged; 8.3.1(3) the Discharge techniques to be used; 8.3.1(4) the manner and means of prohibiting unauthorized persons access to the Discharge site; 8.3.1(5) the manner in which unused Fireworks are to be disposed of; and Page 551 of 610 9 8.3.1(6) the number of persons authorized to handle and Discharge the Fireworks. 8.3.2 a site plan providing a description of the site to be used for the discharging of the Fireworks, including height, range, fallout, duration of the display, and storage locations; 8.3.3 a description of the fire emergency procedures; 8.3.4 the name and address of the applicant and the sponsoring organization, if applicable; 8.3.5 proof of certification of the applicant as a Display Supervisor, Pyrotechnician, or person approved by the Fire Chief; 8.3.6 written consent of the owner of the property to the Discharge of Fireworks; 8.3.7 a fee pursuant to the Schedule of Fees By-law of the City; 8.3.8 proof of insurance and indemnification in accordance with the City’s standard form of Certificate and sections 8.11 and 8.14 of this by- law; and 8.3.9 such other information as required by the Fire Chief. 8.4 A Permit issued under this by-law, for an event featuring Fireworks, shall be subject to the following conditions: 8.4.1 the Permit is valid only for the location and on the date or dates set forth in the Permit; 8.4.2 the Permit holder or person approved by the Fire Chief shall supervise the Fireworks; 8.4.3 the Permit holder or person approved by the Fire Chief shall Discharge the Fireworks; 8.4.4 every Permit holder shall provide and maintain fully operational fire extinguishing equipment appropriate for the nature and size of the Fireworks; 8.4.5 fire extinguishing equipment shall be ready for immediate use; and 8.4.6 the Permit holder shall comply, at all times, with the provisions of the Act, FPPA, and the Display Fireworks Manual published by Natural Resources Canada or any successor publication. 8.5 A Permit may not be approved or may be revoked for any the following: Page 552 of 610 10 8.5.1 the application is incomplete; 8.5.2 the applicant is not a Display Supervisor, Pyrotechnician, or person approved by the Fire Chief; 8.5.3 there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Discharge of Fireworks may constitute a fire or safety hazard or result in a nuisance to the public; 8.5.4 the Permit application contains false or misleading information, 8.5.5 the Discharge of Fireworks is scheduled during a Fire Ban authorized by the Fire Chief; and 8.5.6 there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Discharge of the Fireworks will result in a breach of this by-law, the FPPA or the Act. 8.6 No person shall Discharge Fireworks except in accordance with the conditions of the Permit, the Act, and this by-law. 8.7 The Permit holder shall adhere to all conditions as set out in the Permit, the Act, and this by-law. 8.8 The Permit holder shall ensure that all unused Fireworks and all debris are removed and disposed of in a safe and appropriate manner. 8.9 A copy of the Public Fireworks Display Permit shall be kept at the site of the display from the time of initial event set up to the time of event conclusion. 8.10 Every holder of a Public Fireworks Display Permit shall produce the Permit upon being so directed by the Fire Chief or designate. 8.11 The Permit shall require that the applicant shall at their expense obtain and keep in force during the term of the Permit, Commercial General Liability insurance satisfactory to the City and underwritten by an insurer licensed to conduct business in the Province of Ontario. The policy shall provide coverage for bodily injury, death, property damage and personal injury, including the loss of use thereof, and shall include but not be limited to: 8.11.1 a limit of liability of not less than five (5) million dollars ($5,000,000.00) per occurrence; 8.11.2 “Claims Made” insurance policies will not be permitted; 8.11.3 adding the Municipality as an additional insured with respect to the operations of the Named Insured; Page 553 of 610 11 8.11.4 the policy shall contain a provision for Cross Liability and Severability of Interest Clause, Premises and Operations Liability, Blanket Contractual Liability, Products/Completed Operations, Personal Injury, and Non-Owned Automobile Liability in respect of the Named Insured; and 8.11.5 non-owned automobile coverage with a limit of not less than $2,000,000 and shall include contractual non-owned coverage. 8.12 Such insurance shall include coverage for conducting displays of Pyrotechnic Special Effects Fireworks or Display Fireworks. Such insurance policy shall contain an endorsement to provide the City with (30) days prior written notice of cancellation or of a material change that would diminish coverage. 8.13 The applicant shall forward a Certificate of Insurance on the City’s Standard Certificate of Insurance Form (no substitutes or omissions will be accepted) evidencing such insurance coverage and shall be provided to the City of Niagara Falls prior to the issuance of a Permit. 8.14 The Permit shall provide that the applicant shall indemnify and save harmless the City of Niagara Falls from any and all claims, demands, causes of action, loss, costs or damages that the City of Niagara Falls may suffer, incur, or be liable for, resulting from the performance of the applicant as set out in the by-law, whether with or without negligence on the part of the applicant, the applicant's employees, directors, contractors and agents. Administration and Enforcement 9.1 The Fire Chief shall be responsible for the administration of the provisions of this by-law. 9.2 The Fire Chief may issue and/or revoke a Fireworks Permit as set out herein. 9.3 Members of the Fire Department and the Municipal By-law division shall be responsible for the enforcement of this by-law. 9.4 Any member of the Fire Department or Municipal By-law division may enter onto property in the course of their duty at any time, without prior notice, for the purpose of carrying out an inspection to determine whether the provisions of this by-law have been complied with. 9.5 The Niagara Falls Fire Department is exempt from this by-law for the purposes of training with, or the testing of, Fireworks. Page 554 of 610 12 9.6 No person shall hinder or obstruct, or attempt to hinder or obstruct, a member of the Fire Department or Municipal By-law Division who is performing a duty which is authorized under this by-law. 9.7 No person shall knowingly furnish false or misleading information to the City or the Fire Department with respect to this by-law. 9.8 Any person, firm, or corporation who contravenes any provision of this by- law is guilty of an offence and upon conviction is liable to a fine as provided for in the Provincial Offences Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. P.33, as amended from time to time, or any replacement legislation. 9.9 The owner of a property who contravenes this by-law may have the costs associated with the Fire Department response to the contravention, as determined by the Schedule of Fees By-law of the City, in effect at the time of the attendance by the Fire Department, added to the property taxes for the property regardless of whether the Fireworks were Discharged with the permission or knowledge of the property owner or by Permit, and same shall be collected in the same manner as taxes in accordance with Section 446 of the Municipal Act, 2001, S.O. 2001, c. 25, as amended. 9.10 Neither the Fire Department nor the City shall be responsible to notify the owner of a property, in advance, of its intention to charge for services or costs associated with the response to the Discharge of Fireworks. Severability 10.1 Each provision of this by-law is independent of all other provisions, and if any provision of this by-law be declared by a Court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, or of no force and effect, or beyond the power of Council to enact, such provisions shall be deemed to be severable from this by-law, and it is the intention of Council that the remaining provisions will nevertheless continue in full force and effect without being impaired or invalidated in any way. Repeal By-laws 11.1 By-law Nos. 2003-92, 70-86, 73-104, 73-198, 81-65, 88-321, and 91-10 are hereby repealed. Short Title 12.1 This by-law may be cited as the “Fireworks By-law”. Effect 13.1 This by-law shall come into force and effect on the day it is passed. Page 555 of 610 13 Passed this twenty-sixth day of September, 2017. ................................................................ ................................................................ BILL MATSON, ACTING CITY CLERK JAMES M. DIODATI, MAYOR First Reading: September 26, 2017. Second Reading: September 26, 2017. Third Reading: September 26, 2017. Page 556 of 610 14 Schedule “A” to By-law No. 2017- 101 Safety Instructions for Firing Consumer Fireworks Persons under 18 years of age must have the direct supervision of a competent person 21 years of age or older when discharging Consumer Fireworks. Choose a wide, clear site away from overhead obstacles (for example, 30 m x 30 m for firing Roman Candles) and ensure spectators stand at the perimeter. Spectators must be at the safe distance specified on the Fireworks label. Do not fire in windy conditions. Read all instructions on the Fireworks. Plan the order of firing before you begin. Use a good firing base, such as pails or non-combustible boxes filled with earth or sand. Bury Fireworks half their length if they have no standing base, unless the labelling on the Fireworks directs otherwise. Set them at a 10 degree angle, pointing away from people. Never light Fireworks in your hand or hold lighted Fireworks in your hand, other than a sparkler. Light carefully. Always light the fuse at its tip. Keep water nearby. Dispose of used Fireworks (including debris) in a pail of water. Never try to relight Fireworks that did not go off. Never try to fix Fireworks that are defective. Wait at least 30 minutes before approaching such Fireworks. Keep Fireworks in a cool, dry, ventilated place and in a locked container away from children. For further information and requirements, please refer to Natural Resources Canada website and the City of Niagara Falls Fireworks By-law. Page 557 of 610 M M|SS|SSaUGa Page 558 of 610 Page 559 of 610 Page 560 of 610 CERTIFIED TRUE copy John D.Elvldge.Clty Clark Digxlallysigned documenl Use FDF readar la verity 2022-06-29 Page 561 of 610 Page 562 of 610 Page 563 of 610 Page 564 of 610 Page 565 of 610 Page 566 of 610 Page 567 of 610 Page 568 of 610 Page 569 of 610 Page 570 of 610 Page 571 of 610 Page 572 of 610 Page 573 of 610 Page 574 of 610 Page 575 of 610 Page 576 of 610 Page 577 of 610 Page 578 of 610 Page 579 of 610 Page 580 of 610 Page 581 of 610 Page 582 of 610 Page 583 of 610 Page 584 of 610 Page 585 of 610 Page 586 of 610 Page 587 of 610 Page 588 of 610 Page 589 of 610 CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS By-law No. 2023-88 A by-law to provide for the adoption of Amendment No. 160 to the City of Niagara Falls Official Plan (AM-2021-010). THE COUNCIL OF THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PLANNING ACT, 1990, AND THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF NIAGARA ACT, HEREBY ENACT AS FOLLOWS: 1. Amendment No. 160 to the City of Niagara Falls Official Plan, constituting the attached text and map, is hereby adopted. Read a First, Second and Third time; passed, signed and sealed in open Council this 12th day of September, 2023. ........................................................ ...................................................... BILL MATSON, CITY CLERK JAMES M. DIODATI, MAYOR Page 590 of 610 OFFICIAL PLAN AMENDMENT NO. 160 PART 1 – PREAMBLE (i) Purpose of the Amendment The purpose of the amendment is to allow for the development of one 13 and one 8 storey apartment building and 10 blocks of 3 storey townhouses with 382 dwelling units at a density of 150 units per hectare. The subject lands are approximately 2.5 hectares in size and are located at the south west corner of McLeod Road and Montrose Road. (ii) Location of the Amendment The amendment applies to lands shown as Special Policy Area 89 on Map 1 to Amendment No. 160 to the Official Plan. (iii) Details of the Amendment Map Changes MAP 1 - Schedule “A” to the Official Plan – Future Land Use has been amended to show the Major Commercial designation with – Special Policy Area 89. Text Change PART 2, SECTION 13 – SPECIAL POLICY AREAS, is amended by the addition of Subsection 13.89. (iv) Basis of the Amendment The applicant (2683421 Ontario Ltd) proposes to develop a 13 storey apartment building, an 8 storey apartment building, and 10 blocks of 3 storey townhouses on 2.5 hectares. The subject lands are designated Major Commercial as shown on Schedule A – Future Land Use of the City’s Official Plan. The amendment meets the intent of the Official Plan as the area is suitable for intensification and it is located on lands that front onto an arterial road that is also a transit route. The design and podium setbacks will provide visual interest, a positive interface with McLeod Road, and lessen the impact of the height and massing. The majority of parking is provided below grade. A limited amount of surface parking is provided interior to the site and is screened with the placement of the proposed buildings and landscaping. There is adequate municipal infrastructure capacity and accesses to the development will be designed to ensure the road network continues to operate at an acceptable level. Page 591 of 610 PART 2 - BODY OF THE AMENDMENT All of this part of the document entitled PART 2 - BODY OF THE AMENDMENT, consisting of the following text and attached map, constitute Amendment No. 160 to the Official Plan of the City of Niagara Falls. DETAILS OF THE AMENDMENT The Official Plan of the City of Niagara Falls is hereby amended as follows: 1. MAP CHANGE The "Area Affected by this Amendment", shown on the map attached hereto, entitled "Map 1 to Amendment No. 160", shall be identified as Special Policy Area 89 on Schedule A – Future Land Use of the Official Plan. 2. TEXT CHANGE a. PART 2, SECTION 13 – SPECIAL POLICY AREAS, is hereby amended by adding the following subsection: 13.89 SPECIAL POLICY AREA “89” Special Policy Area “89” applies to approximately 2.5 hectares of land located on the south west corner of McLeod Road and Montrose Road. Notwithstanding the height and density provisions of Part 2, Policy 3.5.3 and 3.5.3.2, a 13 storey apartment building, a 8 storey apartment building, and 10 blocks of 3 storey townhouses with a total of 382 dwelling units and a maximum density of 150 units per hectare may be permitted to develop on the lands. Page 592 of 610 Page 593 of 610 CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS By-law No. 2023-89 A by-law to amend By-law No. 79-200, to permit the use of the lands for a 13-storey and 8-storey apartment dwelling and 10 blocks of 3 storey townhouse dwellings subject to the removal of a holding (H) symbol, and By-law No. 2007-062 is rescinded for the subject lands (AM-2021-010). THE COUNCIL OF THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS ENACTS AS FOLLOWS: 1. The Lands that are the subject of and affected by the provisions of this by-law are described in Schedule 1 of this by-law and shall be referred to in this by-law as the “Lands”. Schedule 1, and Schedule 1 to By-law 2007-062 are a part of this by-law. 2. The purpose of this by-law is to amend the provisions of By-law No. 79-200, to permit the use of the Lands in a manner that would otherwise be prohibited by this by-law. In the case of any conflict between a specific provision of this by -law and any existing provision of By-law No. 79-200, the provisions of this by-law are to prevail. 3. Notwithstanding any provision of By-law No. 79-200 to the contrary, the following uses and regulations shall be the permitted uses and regulations governing the permitted uses on and of the Lands. 4. The permitted uses shall be: (a) The uses permitted in the R5F zone. (b) A townhouse dwelling containing not more than 8 dwelling units. 5. The regulations governing the permitted uses shall be: (a) Lot The whole of the Lands shown, hatched and designated R5F(H) and numbered 1197 on the plan Schedule 1 attached hereto, save and except for any part required for road widening. (b) Front lot line For the purposes of this by-law, McLeod Road shall be deemed to be the front lot line. (c) Location of the various components of the building or Refer to Schedule 2 of this by-law and clause (f) of this section Page 594 of 610 2 structure on the Lands, their maximum height and maximum number of storeys and minimum yards (d) Minimum lot area 63.9 square metres for each dwelling unit (e) Maximum lot coverage 33% (f) Maximum height of building or structure 47 metres or 13 storeys, whichever is less, subject to Section 4.7 of By- law 79-200 (g) Maximum number of apartment dwellings on one lot 2 (h) Minimum number of parking spaces 1.25 parking spaces for each dwelling unit (i) Maximum number of surface parking spaces 52 parking spaces, excluding required parking for townhouses (j) Minimum landscaped open space 47% of the lot area (k) Maximum projection of a canopy into a required exterior side yard 1.5 metres (l) Maximum projection of a balcony into a required exterior side yard 1.5 metres (m) The balance of regulations specified for a R5F use. 6. All other applicable regulations set out in By-law No. 79-200 shall continue to apply to govern the permitted uses on the Lands, with all necessary changes in detail. 7. No person shall use the Lands for a use that is not a permitted use. 8. No person shall use the Lands in a manner that is contrary to the regulations. 9. The Holding (H) symbol that appears on Schedule 1 attached hereto is provided for in the City of Niagara Falls Official Plan pursuant to Section 36 of the Planning Act. No person shall use the Lands described in section 1 of this by -law and shown hatched and designated R5F(H) and numbered 1197 on the plan Page 595 of 610 3 Schedule 1 attached hereto for any purpose, prior to the H symbol being removed pursuant to the Planning Act. Prior to the H symbol being removed, the landowner or developer shall provide: • An updated Phase 1 and 2 Environmental Site Assessment and Record of Site Condition be filed with the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks, if required, and a copy be provided to the Niagara Region and City; • An updated Wind Study with wind tunnel modelling demonstrating safe wind conditions for pedestrians for Buildings A and B to the satisfaction of the City; • A Tree Compensation agreement be entered into with the City; and, • An updated Traffic Impact Study be submitted to the satisfaction of the City and Region; and, • An updated Noise Study be submitted to the satisfaction of the City and Region. 10. The provisions of this by-law shall be shown on Sheet B5 and B6 of Schedule “A” of By-law No. 79-200 by redesignating the Lands from SC and numbered 773 to R5F(H) and numbered 1197. 11. For the purposes of this By-law, none of the provisions of By-law 2007-062 shall continue to apply to Parcel R5F(H)-1197 and Schedule 1 to By-law 2007-062 is amended as attached hereto forming part of this by-law. 12. Section 19 of By-law No. 79-200 is amended by adding thereto: 19.1.1197 Refer to By-law No. 2023-89. Read a First, Second and Third time; passed, signed and sealed in open Council this 12th day of September, 2023. ....................................................................... ..................................................................... WILLIAM G. MATSON, CITY CLERK JAMES M. DIODATI, MAYOR Page 596 of 610 Page 597 of 610 Page 598 of 610 Page 599 of 610 CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS By-law No. 2023 - 090 A by-law to authorize the execution and registration of an Encroachment Agreement with Vikrampal Singh Moomie and Baljit Kaur Moomie respecting the partial dwelling, front step and covered front entrance porch at 5705 Buchanan Avenue. WHEREAS the Council of The Corporation of the City of Niagara Falls, at its meeting August 15, 2023, adopted the Recommendations of Council Report PBD -2023-46 in relation to an amendment to By-law No. 79-200 to permit the existing 3-unit dwelling, increase the maximum area of the rear yard which can be used as parking, and add vacation rental units as a permitted use. THE COUNCIL OF THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS ENACTS AS FOLLOWS: 1. An Encroachment Agreement dated August 15, 2023 , and made between Vikrampal Singh Moomie and Baljit Kaur Moomie, as Owner, and The Corporation of the City of Niagara Falls, as City, with respect to the encroachment of the partial dwelling, front step and covered front entrance porch appurtenant to 5705 Buchanan Avenue over the lands comprised as Part of Buchanan Avenue, Plan 9; in the City of Niagara Falls, as attached hereto, is hereby approved and authorized. 2. The Mayor and City Clerk are hereby authorized to execute the said Encroachment Agreement and the City Clerk is hereby authorized to affix the corporate seal thereto and to deliver the said Encroachment Agreement. 3. Upon passage of this by-law, the City Solicitor is hereby authorized to cause a copy of the Encroachment Agreement to be registered on title to 5705 Buchanan Avenue and the applicable parcel for the affected portion of Buchanan Avenue in the Land Registry Office. Read a First, Second and Third time; passed, signed, and sealed in open Council this 12th day of September 2023. ............................................................. ..................................................................... WILLIAM G. MATSON, CITY CLERK JAMES M. DIODATI, MAYOR Page 600 of 610 2 THIS AGREEMENT made this 15 day of August, 2023 B E T W E E N: VIKRAMPAL SINGH MOOMIE AND BALJIT KAUR MOOMIE Hereinafter called the "Encroachers" of the FIRST PART THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS Hereinafter called the "City" of the SECOND PART WHEREAS the Encroachers are the owners of certain lands in the City of Niagara Falls being more particularly described as firstly in Schedule “A” annexed hereto and forming part of this Agreement and on which are situate the partially encroaching existing dwelling, front step and covered front entrance porch to the property known municipally as 5705 Buchanan Avenue, Niagara Falls annexed hereto (the “Existing Dwelling, Front Step and Covered Front Entrance Porch”); AND WHEREAS the City is the owner of certain lands in the City of Niagara Falls being more particularly described as secondly in said Schedule “A” annexed hereto (the “City’s Lands”); AND WHEREAS the Existing Dwelling, Front Step and Covered Front Entrance Porch encroach upon the City’s Lands, which encroachment is more p articularly described as thirdly in Schedule “A” annexed hereto; AND WHEREAS the parties have agreed to permit the continuation of the said encroachment for the life only of the existing dwelling, front step and covered entrance porch as more particularly set forth herein; NOW THEREFORE in consideration of the onetime payment of TWO DOLLARS ($2.00) and other good and valuable consideration, the parties hereto mutually covenant, promise, and agree as follows: 1. The encroachment of the Existing Dwelling, Front Step and Covered Front Entrance Porch onto the City’s Lands shall be deemed to have been made, and the continuance of the said encroachment shall be deemed to be, with the express licence and consent of City and with the intent that the Encroachers shall not acquire any easement or right in respect thereof save as created herein. 2. It is further understood and agreed that the encroachment by the Existing Dwelling, Front Step and Covered Front Entrance Porch shall continue for the life only of the Existing Dwelling, Front Step and Covered Front Entrance Porch and upon Page 601 of 610 3 removal, redevelopment or demolition of the Existing Dwelling, Front Step and Covered Front Entrance Porch, the encroachment shall, at the request of the City and at the Encroachers’ cost, be removed and the Encroachers shall restore the City lands to its original condition or equivalent, and any and all right related in any way to the Agreement shall immediately be terminated. 3. It is further understood and agreed upon that the City reserves its right upon removal, redevelopment or demolition of the Existing Dwelling, Front Step and Covered Front Entrance Porch to acquire road widenings in accordance with the Official Plan; which in 2023 included a 0.81m road widening on Buchanan Avenue, 2.38 widening on Forsythe Street, and a 7m x 7m daylight triangle. 4. The Existing Dwelling, Front Step and Covered Front Entrance Porch shall not block or impede vehicular or pedestrian traffic nor shall it, in any way, impede any traffic signals. 5. The Encroachers further covenant and agree to indemnify and save the City harmless from and against all losses, claims, damages or injuries (including death) which the City may suffer or be put to by reason of the encroachment, its construction, existence, repair or maintenance or resulting therefrom in any way whatsoever. The Encroachers agree to take out and keep in force a Commercial General Liability insurance policy, satisfactory to the City Solicitor, with all-inclusive coverage of not less than Five Million Dollars ($5,000,000.00), such policy to include the City as an additional insured and to be endorsed to include the contractual obligation of the Encroachers to the City under this Agreement and to contain a “cross liability” endorsement. The said insurance policy shall include a clause that the insurer will not cancel or change the insurance coverages without first giving the City thirty (30) days prior written notice. The City may, in its sole discretion acting reasonably, require the Encroachers to raise the minimum amount of coverage and shall so advise the Encroachers in writing, who then shall immediately increase the minimum coverage and deliver to the City within thirty (30) days, a certified copy of the policy, showing the amended coverage. Failure of the Encroachers to comply with this provision shall constitute a breach of this Agreement and shall entitle the City to terminate hereunder. 6. The City or any utility company serving the area, shall be entitled to remove any portion of the said Encroachment, erected upon or over the subject lands, in the event of an emergency and the Encroachers covenant and agree that such removal shall be at the Encroachers’ expense. 7. The Encroachers covenant and agree with the City to maintain the Existing Dwelling, Front Step and Covered Front Entrance Porch and to keep the encroachment in good repair at all times in a condition satisfactory to the City. 8. The Encroachers covenants and agrees with the City that the Existing Dwelling, Front Step and Covered Front Entrance Porch shall be limited to the encroachment described as Parts One, Two and Three on the registered Reference Plan and that it will not increase, extend or enlarge or permit the increase, extension or Page 602 of 610 4 enlargement of the Existing Dwelling, Front Step and Covered Front Entrance Porch in any manner whatsoever. 9. This Agreement, including Schedule “A”, constitutes the entire agreement of the parties hereto and supersedes any prior agreements, undertakings, declarations, presentations, and understandings, both written and verbal, in respect of the subject matter. 10. It is further agreed that this Agreement or notice thereof shall be registered against the title of the lands to the parties hereto. 11. This Agreement shall be read with all changes of gender and number required by the context. 12. The Encroachers shall not be at liberty to assign or transfer either in whole or in part the privileges hereby granted by the City in this Agreement without the written consent of the City, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. 13. The City may terminate this Agreement upon 30 days’ notice, in writing, to the Encroachers as to its intention to terminate. 14. Upon termination of this Agreement, the Encroachers shall remove entirely, at their sole expense, the Encroachment from the City lands. 15. If the Encroachers are in default or breach, at the Encroachers’ expense, the City shall be permitted to recover the expenses incurred in remedying the default or breach from the Encroachers by adding the expenses to the Encroachers’ municipal taxes to be collected in accordance with the Municipal Act, 2001, S.O. 2001 c.25, as amended and any successor legislation thereto. 17. If any provision of this Agreement is determined to be illegal or invalid as written, such provision shall be enforced to the maximum extent permitted by law and such illegality or invalidity shall not affect the validity of the remainder thereof. 18. (1) Where this Agreement requires notice or a document to be delivered by one party to the other, such notice or document shall be in writing and delivered either personally, by e-mail, by fax or by prepaid ordinary first-class post, by the party wishing to give such notice or document, to the other party at the address noted below. (2) Such notice or document shall be deemed to have been given: (a) in the case of personal delivery, on the date of delivery; (b) in the case of e-mail or fax, on the date of transmission provided it is received before 4:30 p.m. on a day that is not a holiday, as defined in the Interpretation Act, failing which it shall be deemed to have been received the next day, provided the next day is not a holiday; and Page 603 of 610 5 (c) in the case of registered post, on the third day, which is not a holiday, following posting. If to the Encroachers: Vikrampal Singh Moomie and Baljit Kaur Moomie 5705 Buchanan Avenue Niagara Falls, ON L2G 3T9 Telephone: 416-305-7673 E-mail: eng.vikram.signh@gmail.com If to the City: The Corporation of the City of Niagara Falls 4310 Queen Street P.O. Box 1023 Niagara Falls, ON L2E 6X5 Attention: City Clerk Telephone: (905) 356-7521 Facsimile: (905) 356-9083 Any such notice shall be deemed to have been given or received, if delivered, on the day on which it was delivered if received by 5:00 p.m. on a business day and otherwise on the first business day after the date of delivery; and if sent by facsimile, on the day on which it was transmitted if received by 5:00 p.m. on a business day and otherwise on the first business day after the date of transmission. Either party may change its address for receipt of notices hereunder by giving notice thereof to the other party in accordance with this Section 18. For purposes of this Section 18, “business day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday, or statutory holiday in the Province of Ontario. [Signature page follows.] Page 604 of 610 6 IN WITNESS WHEREOF the Encroachers have executed this Agreement on the ___ day of September, 2023. ) ) ) ) ____________________________ ) __________________________ Witness Name: ) Vikrampal Singh Moomie ) ) ) ____________________________ ) __________________________ Witness Name: ) Baljit Kaur Moomie ) IN WITNESS WHEREOF the City has executed this Agreement the ___ day of September, 2023. ) THE CORPORATION OF THE ) CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS ) ) ) __________________________ ) Name: James M. Diodati ) Title: Mayor ) ) ) __________________________ ) Name: William G. Matson ) Title: City Clerk ) ) ) We have authority to bind the Corporation. Page 605 of 610 7 SCHEDULE "A" to an Agreement dated this 15 day of August, 2023 between VIKRAMPAL SINGH MOOMIE AND BALJIT KAUR MOOMIE and THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS Firstly: Lot 808, Plan 9; City of Niagara Falls PIN 64346-0011 (LT) Secondly: Buchanan Avenue, Plan 9 (formerly Seventh St) lying between Forsythe St & North St; City of Niagara Falls PIN 64346-0030 (LT) Thirdly: Part of Buchanan Avenue, Plan 9, designated as Part 1, 2 & 3 on 59R - ******* being Part of PIN 64346-0030 (LT) All in the City of Niagara Falls, in the Regional Municipality of Niagara. Page 606 of 610 CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS By-law No. 2023 - 091 A by-law to amend By-law No. 2002-081, being a by-law to appoint City employees, agents and third parties for the enforcement of provincial or municipal by -laws. THE COUNCIL OF THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS ENACTS AS FOLLOWS: 1 . By-law No. 2002-081 is amended by deleting Schedules “A” and “B” attached hereto shall be inserted in lieu thereof. Read a first, second, third time and passed. Signed and sealed in open Council on this 12TH day of September, 2023. ............................................................... ........................................................... WILLIAM MATSON, CITY CLERK JAMES M. DIODATI, MAYOR Page 607 of 610 SCHEDULE “A” 1. Chief Building Official: Luciano Chieca 2. Deputy Chief Building Official: Kira Dolch 3. Inspectors: Ned Mijatovich Gary Graziani Jehad Ochana Fred Sacco Sandro Elia Effat Effat Ellen Roupas Jesse Mancino Tyler Esau Cesar Ramires Frank Genovese Kathy Repergel Louie Baldinelli Chan Chen Jo Zambito Ben Trendle Frank Devereaux Kellie Kubik Doug Collee Ron Massolin Ken Henry Kadri Lambert Meghan Edgar Karen Borne 4. Municipal Enforcement Officers: Gerald F. Spencer Doug Evans Mike Formica Brian Sparks Heather Stones Patrick Vernon Jana Mills Jonathan Cook Lee Halliday Page 608 of 610 SCHEDULE “B” 1. Municipal By-law Enforcement Officers: Salman Alihbhai Paul Brown Hope Ciszek Jonathan Cook Doug Evans Mike Formica John Grubich Lee Halliday Eric Marr Jana Mills Philip Rudachuk Bart Skiba Brian Sparks Gerald Spencer Heather Stones Patrick Vernon Deryck Burke Page 609 of 610 CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS By-law No. 2023 – 092 A by-law to adopt, ratify and confirm the actions of City Council at its meeting held on the 12th day of September, 2023. WHEREAS it is deemed desirable and expedient that the actions and proceedings of Council as herein set forth be adopted, ratified and confirmed by by-law. NOW THEREFORE THE COUNCIL OF THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS ENACTS AS FOLLOWS: 1. The actions of the Council at its meeting held on the 12th day of September 2023 including all motions, resolutions and other actions taken by the Council at its said meeting, are hereby adopted, ratified and confirmed as if they were expressly embodied in this by-law, except where the prior approval of the Ontario Municipal Board or other authority is by law required or any action required by law to be taken by resolution. 2. Where no individual by-law has been or is passed with respect to the taking of any action authorized in or with respect to the exercise of any powers by the Council, then this by-law shall be deemed for all purposes to be the by -law required for approving, authorizing and taking of any action authorized therein or thereby, or required for the exercise of any powers thereon by the Council. 3. The Mayor and the proper officers of the Corporation of the City of Niagara Falls are hereby authorized and directed to do all things necessary to give effect to the said actions of the Council or to obtain approvals where required, and, except where otherwise provided, the Mayor and the Clerk are hereby authorized and directed to execute all documents arising therefrom and necessary on behalf of the Corporation of the City of Niagara Falls and to affix thereto the corporate seal of the Corporation of the City of Niagara Falls. Read a first, second, third time and passed. Signed and sealed in open Council this 12th day of September, 2023. .............................................................. ............................................................. BILL MATSON, CITY CLERK JAMES M. DIODATI, MAYOR Page 610 of 610